Qazaq kóshindegi sheshimin tappaghan kýrdeli mәselening biri - Qytay qazaqtary mәselesi. Qytay qazaqtarynyng alghashqy legi eleuli kedergilerge qaramastan, kәsipkerlikpen, oqumen, tuystar nemese dos-jarandaryna qonaqqa kelu jolymen elge oralghan bolatyn. 1998 jyldan bastap ol jaqtan qonys audarghan belsendi ziyaly azamattardyng jan-jaqty izdenisining nәtiyjesinde, halyqaralyq paktiler men Qytaydyng qoldanystaghy zandary negizinde, aghayyndarymyz osyndaghy tike tuystarynyng kóshi-qon shaqyrtuymen kóship kele bastady.

Qazaq kóshindegi sheshimin tappaghan kýrdeli mәselening biri - Qytay qazaqtary mәselesi. Qytay qazaqtarynyng alghashqy legi eleuli kedergilerge qaramastan, kәsipkerlikpen, oqumen, tuystar nemese dos-jarandaryna qonaqqa kelu jolymen elge oralghan bolatyn. 1998 jyldan bastap ol jaqtan qonys audarghan belsendi ziyaly azamattardyng jan-jaqty izdenisining nәtiyjesinde, halyqaralyq paktiler men Qytaydyng qoldanystaghy zandary negizinde, aghayyndarymyz osyndaghy tike tuystarynyng kóshi-qon shaqyrtuymen kóship kele bastady.

Osynday orayly sәtti paydalanyp, qysqa ghana uaqytta ol jaqtan myndaghan otbasy elge qonys audarugha mýmkindik aldy. Tike tuystary degende ol kezde tek balasy ata-anasyn nemese ata-anasy úl-qyzdaryn kóshi-qon jolymen shaqyrtugha ghana rúqsat etilgen edi. Al birge tughan aghayyndylar bólek otbasy qúrasa, birin-biri kóshi-qon jolymen shaqyrtugha tyiym salynghan bolatyn. Onday otbasylardyng birazy kәsipkerlikpen, oqumen, tuystar nemese dos-jarandaryna qonaqqa kelu jolymen kelip ornyghyp qala aldy. Múndaghy eng ýlken qiynshylyq - eshqanday zang tyiym salmasa da, Qytaydyng jergilikti qúziretti oryndary oqu jasyndaghy balalaryna tólqújat beruden bas tartady. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde taghy da bir otbasyn ekige aiyryp, balalary kәmeletke tolghansha sarsangha salady. Ókinishke qaray, ýsh jyldan beri tuystarynyng kepildigimen kóshirip alatyn osynday zandy joldyng ózi bizdegi qúziretti oryndar tarapynan toqtatyldy.
Qazaqstan-Qytay qarym-qatynasyndaghy sheshimin kýtken shetin mәselelerding kóbi óz arnasyn tapty. Tatu kórshi, strategiyalyq әriptes retinde eki el arasyndaghy san-salaly qarym-qatynastardyng kókjiyegi kýn ótken sayyn keneyip keledi. Búl - sóz joq tarihy qajettilik. Endi Qytayda túratyn 1,7 millionnan astam (songhy derek) qandastarymyzdyng aldaghy taghdyry eki el qatynasyndaghy eng ózekti mәselege ainalugha tiyis.
Ashyghyn aitar bolsaq, Qytay qazaqtarynyng taghdyry shyn mәninde qyl ýstinde túr. Mәsele ol jaqtaghy qazaqtardyng túrmys-tirshiligi qúldyrap, ómir sýruining qiyndap ketkendiginde emes. Kerisinshe naryqqa shyndap beyimdelgen qandastarymyz Qytayda el qatarly tirlik keshude. Materialdyq-ekonomikalyq jaghdayy aitarlyqtay jaqsy jәne túrmys-tirshiligi kýn ótken sayyn jogharylap keledi. Sauattylyq dengeyi de QHR-yn qúraytyn 56 últtyng ishinde alghashqy bestikke kiredi. Bizdi alandatatyny - endigi jerde olar últ retinde ómir sýre ala ma, joq pa degen qorqynysh. Derekterge jýginsek, 1950 jyly qazaqtar jii qonystanghan Ile Qazaq Avtonomiyalyq oblysyna qarasty ýsh aimaqtaghy qazaqtardyng ýles salmaghy Altayda - 90, Tarbaghatayda - 86, Ilede - 65 payyz bolatyn. Qazir búl ónirde túrghylyqty qazaqtardyng ýles salmaghy 20 payyzgha da jetpeydi. Osydan ondaghan jyldar búryn 90 payyz qazaq balasy óz ana tilinde bilim alsa, býginde olardyng 90 payyzy aralas nemese taza qytay tilindegi mektepterde bilim alady.
Ókinishke qaray, kórshi eldegi qandastarymyzdyng bolashaq taghdyryna baylanysty mәsele sol bayaghy kýrdeli kýiinde qalyp otyr. Eki el arasyndaghy kóshi-qon kelisimi kýni býginge deyin jasalghan joq. Kisidegining kilti aspanda ekendigin biz, әriyne, jaqsy týsinemiz. Biraq ol jaqtaghy qandastarymyzdyng kóshining kólikti boluy tek Qytaygha ghana baylanysty emes, mәselening mәnisin qazaq biyliginen de izdep kóruge tiyispiz. Sebebi bizding diplomattarymyz ol jaqtaghy qandastarymyzdyng osynday mýshkil halin bile túra, qytaylyq әriptestermen syndarly kelissózder jýrgizuge pәlendey belsendilik tanytyp otyrmaghan siyaqty. Tipti osy mәseleni sheshude Qytaydyng ishki-syrtqy sayasatyndaghy nәzik týiinderge taldau men izdenisting joqtyghy da jangha batady. Ol jaqtaghy qandastarymyzdyng kóshine baylanysty Qazaqstannyng Qytay Halyq Respublikasyndaghy Tótenshe jәne ókiletti elshisi Ikram Adyrbekov myrzanyng jaqynda "Ayqyn" gazetine (25.03.11) bergen súhbatynda: "Qandastarymyzdyng kóshu-qonu mәselelerin týbegeyli sheshu ýshin ýkimetaralyq tiyisti qújatty dayyndau, qol qoy - býgingi kýnning ózekti mәselesi. Osy baghytta aldaghy uaqytta eki taraptyng kelisimimen tiyisti júmystar atqarylatyn bolady dep senemin" - degen ekiúshty jauappen ghana shektelgen. Úmytpasaq, eki el arasyndaghy diplomatiyalyq qarym-qatynas resmy jolgha qoyylghan 1992 jyly Qazaqstannyng Qytay Halyq Respublikasyndaghy túnghysh Tótenshe jәne ókiletti elshisi Múrat Áuezovten bastap elshilerding bәri bolashaqta osynday ýkimetaralyq kelisimning bolatyndyghyna "senim artumen" keledi. Biraq kelisim kýni býginge deyin jasalghan joq. Qashan jasalary da belgisiz. Qalay kóshirip alugha bolatyndyghyn da eshkim bilmeydi. Osy salanyng tizgin-shylbyryn ústaghan lauazym iyelerining sózin estiseng mýlde týnilip ketesin. Búrynghy Enbek jәne halyqty әleumettik qorghau ministrligi kóshi-qon komiytetining tóraghasy Qabylsayat Ábishev myrza: "Halyqaralyq qúqyqta, memleketaralyq qarym-qatynasta bir memleketting ekinshi memleketting tәuelsizdigine qol súqpaushylyq degen tәjiriybe bar. Sondyqtan shaqyrudyng ýsh týri ghana bar. Tuysqandyq shaqyru, oqugha shaqyru, bir úiymdar atynan júmys babymen enbek kýshi esebinde shaqyru. Al memleket kóshi-qon shaqyruy degendi jasamaydy. Al osydan birneshe jyl búryn Qazaqstanda onday shaqyrudyng bolghany belgili. Sol arqyly Qytaydan biraz qazaqtyng qonys audarghany da mәlim. 2000 jyldardyng basynda Syrtqy ister ministrligining biraz qyzmetkeri, olardyng ishinde Qonyrbaev Uәlihan bar kóshi-qon shaqyruyn úiymdastyryp, oghan memlekettik mórdi basatyn bolghan eken. Biraq búl eshqanday qújatpen rettelmegen. Tek patriottyq sezimning jeteginen tuyndaghan. Ol kelisim arqyly bireu Qytaydan tuysqanyn shaqyrsa, memleket oghan kelisimin beremiz degen mór basyp berip otyrghan. Búl halyqaralyq sayasatqa say bolmaghandyqtan ózinen-ózi toqtaghan" ("Týrkistan" gazeti, №09 (03.03.2011)). Mәsele shynynda solay ma? Eger biz Qytaydaghy barlyq qazaqty týp-týgel kóshirip aludy talap etsek, Qabylsayat Ázimbayúlynyng uәjimen kelisuge bolar edi. Sebebi kommunistik biyliktegi Qytay Halyq Respublikasynyng Ata zanynda Qytay 56 últtan túratyn "últtardyng úly otbasy" dep sipattalady. Jalpy halyq sanynyng 94 payyzyn taza qytaylar qúraytyn alyp elde múnday tújyrymnyng Qytay Halyq Respublikasynyng bolashaqtaghy tútastyghy ýshin tendessiz manyzy bar. Sebebi alyp derjavany qúraytyn jer kólemining 60 payyzy bir kezderi 55 últtyng ýlesinde bolghan atamekeni. Mine, osydan-aq Qytaydyng Ata zanynda jazylghan osy tújyrymgha qanshalyqty manyz beretindigi óz-ózinen týsinikti. Al bizding "etnikalyq qazaqtardy tarihy Otanyna qaytaru" mәselesin kóteruimiz Qytay Ata Zanynda jazylghan "qasiyetti qaghidamen" mýldem otaspaytyndyqtan, olar búl mәselede bizben til tabysa almay keledi. Biraq "shaqyrudyng ýsh týri ghana bar, Uәlihan Qonyrbaev bastaghan diplomattar patriottyq sezimning jeteginde ketti, halyqaralyq sayasatqa say bolmaghandyqtan toqtatyldy" degen pikirlerimen mýlde kelisuge bolmaydy. Eger halyqaralyq tәjiriybege jýginetin bolsaq, Qytaydaghy qandastarymyzdy kóshirip aluda, sózdi eng aldymen Vena, Helisinky jәne Jeneva deklarasiyasynda kórsetilgen taghdyr tәlkegimen bólinip ketken otbasylardyng taghdyryn sheshuden (múnday otbasylar Qytay men Qazaqstanda 100 myndap sanalady) bastauymyz kerek. Sebebi Qazaqstan da, Qytay da atalghan halyqaralyq paktilerge әldeqashan qol qoyyp, ózderine halyqaralyq mindettemeler alghan. Sondyqtan bólinip ketken otbasylardyng kóshi-qonyna zang jýzinde eshkim de kedergi keltire almaydy. Eng basty shart - osyndaghy tuystarynyng jeke kepildigi kerek. Al ony mór basyp maqúldauda Uәlihan Qonyrbaev syndy tәjiriybeli diplomattar "sezimning jeteginde ketip" maqúldaghan joq. Qayta halyqaralyq tәjiriybe men zandargha sýiene otyryp, san myndaghan qandastarymyzdyng Otangha oraluyna mýmkindik tughyzdy. Jәne osynday shaqyrtudy Qytay tarapy qabyldamay keri qaytarghan da joq. Ókinishke qaray, onyng jolyn kesken dәl bizdegi bezbýirek burokratiya.
Kóshi-qon mәselesi - 1,5 mlrd. adamy bar alyp el ýshin eshqanday janalyq emes. Qytayda jylyna 100 myndaghan adam kóship kelip jәne kóship ketip jatady. Búl jóninde Qytayda óz azamattarynyng shetelge shyghuyn, tipti sol elde qonystanyp qaluyn retteytin zan-erejeler әldeqashan qabyldanghan bolatyn. "Qytay Halyq Respublikasy azamattarynyng shekaradan kirip-shyghuy turaly" QHR Zanynyng 5-babynda: "QHR azamattary jeke júmystarymen shekaradan shyghatyn bolsa, ózi tirkeude túrghan qala nemese audandyq qoghamdyq qauipsizdik (ishki ister) organdaryna ótinish jasaydy. Osy zannyng 8-babynda kórsetilgen jaghdaylardy qospaghanda, barlyq ótinishter qanaghattandyrylady. Qoghamdyq qauipsizdik oryndary Qytay azamattarynyng jeke saparmen shekaradan shyghu ótinishin belgilengen shekti merzim ishinde qanaghattandyru ne qanaghattandyrmau jóninde sheshim shygharugha jәne ony ótinish iyesine habarlaugha mindetti". Jәne atalghan Zandy "atqaru erejesinin" 2-babynda: "Búl atqaru erejesi Qytay azamattarynyng jeke júmystarymen shekaradan shyghyp-kiruine qoldanylady. "Jeke júmys" degenimiz: qonystanu, tuysshylau, dos-jarandaryna qonaqqa baru, mal-mýlikke múragerlik etu, óz qarajatymen shetelge oqugha baru, júmysqa ornalasu, sayahattau jәne basqa da jeke júmystaryn menzeydi". 4-babynda qajetti qújattardyng tizimi berligen: "Osy atqaru erejesining 3-babynyng 4-tarmaghynda aitylghan arnayy kuәlik degenimiz:
1. Shetelge shyghyp qonystanushylar qonystanatyn jerdegi tuys-tughandary men dos-jarandarynyng kelisilgen qonystanugha shaqyrghandyghy jónindegi kuәligi nemese baratyn memleketining (qúziretti organdarynyn) olardyng qonystanuyn rúqsattaghandyghy jónindegi kuәligi.
2. Shekaradan shyghyp tuysshylau, dos-jarandaryna qydyryp baruy ýshin sol shaqyrtushy jaqtyng shaqyru kuәligi boluy kerek". Jәne osy erejening 5-babynda: "Qala, audandyq, qogham qauipsizdik (ishki ister) organdary shekaradan shyghuy jónindegi ótinishke 30 kýn ishinde, al shalghay, qatynasy qolaysyz jerlerge 60 kýn ishinde ótinishining qanaghattandyrylghany nemese qanaghattandyrylmaghany jóninde sheshim shygharyp, ótinish berushining ózine habarlauy shart". Búghan qosa "Qytay Halyq Respublikasynyng Otangha oralghan diaspora ókilderi jәne olardyng tuys-tughandarynyng qúqyq mýddesin qorghau turaly" QHR Zanynyng 2-babynda azamattardyng tuystyq qatynasy jóninde mynaday anyqtama berilgen: "Tuystar degenimiz - júbayy, әke-sheshesi, úl-qyzdary, úl-qyzdarynyng júbayy, әpeke-qaryndastary, agha-inileri, atasy men әjesi, naghashy atasy men naghashy әjesi jәne olardyng úl-qyzdary, nemereleri, naghashy nemereleri jәne baghyp-qaghu qatynastary bar basqa da tuys-tughandary". Al atalghan zannyng 17-babynda: "Otangha oralghan Qytay diaspora ókilderi (oralmandary) jәne sheteldegi Qytay diasporalary óz tuys-tughandarymen barys-kelis jasau, hat-habar alysuy zanmen qorghalady" dep kórsetilgen. Ókinishke qaray, qazaqtar jii qonystanghan SUAR aumaghynda taygha tanba basqanday aiqyn jazylghan osy zang baptary nashar júmys isteydi. Eger bizding diplomattarymyz osy zang baptary ayasynda qytaylyq әriptestermen syndarly kelissózder ótkizse, ol jaqtaghy aghayyndardyng elge oraluy jenildey týser edi. Búl - Qytaydaghy qandastarymyzdyng kósh tiyegin aghytudyng býgingi kýndegi eng tiyimdi joly.

«Týrkistan» gazeti