Kenes ókimeti túsynda qazaq halqy ýsh dýrkin jasandy asharshylyqty bastan keship, búryn-sondy bolmaghan últtyq apatqa úrynghan bolatyn: 1917-1919, 1921-1923, 1931-1933 jyldary adam shyghyny 4 million, yqtimal tabighy ósimdi eseptegende 10 million jannan asty. Qazaq halqy óz elinde últtyq azshylyqqa ainalyp, ótken ghasyrdyng eluinshi jyldary barlyq túrghyndardyng ýshten birine de jetpey qaldy. Bosap qalghan kenistikke syrttan kóship kelgen milliondaghan adam solardyng sýiegi ýstinde sosialistik qúrylys kórigin qyzdyrdy.

Tarihshy Tileu Kólbaevtyng zertteuine arqau bolyp otyrghan taqyryp әriyne, jan auyrtady, zeyin men zerdege salmaq salady. Ótken ghasyrdyng alghashqy otyz jyldyghynyng ózekjardy ashy shyndyghy qanshalyqty qasiretti bolghanyn biluimiz, tútas bolmys-bitimimizben úghynuymyz, tútas últty qasiretke úryndyrghan kenestik jýiening barsha qylmysyn әshkereleuimiz kerek. Sonda ghana tarihymyz týgel, tәuelsizdigimiz bayandy bolatyny sózsiz.

OTARShYLDYQ OZBYRLYGhY

Kenes ókimeti túsynda qazaq halqy ýsh dýrkin jasandy asharshylyqty bastan keship, búryn-sondy bolmaghan últtyq apatqa úrynghan bolatyn: 1917-1919, 1921-1923, 1931-1933 jyldary adam shyghyny 4 million, yqtimal tabighy ósimdi eseptegende 10 million jannan asty. Qazaq halqy óz elinde últtyq azshylyqqa ainalyp, ótken ghasyrdyng eluinshi jyldary barlyq túrghyndardyng ýshten birine de jetpey qaldy. Bosap qalghan kenistikke syrttan kóship kelgen milliondaghan adam solardyng sýiegi ýstinde sosialistik qúrylys kórigin qyzdyrdy.

Tarihshy Tileu Kólbaevtyng zertteuine arqau bolyp otyrghan taqyryp әriyne, jan auyrtady, zeyin men zerdege salmaq salady. Ótken ghasyrdyng alghashqy otyz jyldyghynyng ózekjardy ashy shyndyghy qanshalyqty qasiretti bolghanyn biluimiz, tútas bolmys-bitimimizben úghynuymyz, tútas últty qasiretke úryndyrghan kenestik jýiening barsha qylmysyn әshkereleuimiz kerek. Sonda ghana tarihymyz týgel, tәuelsizdigimiz bayandy bolatyny sózsiz.

OTARShYLDYQ OZBYRLYGhY

HIH ghasyrdyng basynda Europadaghy Napoleon joryghynan ataq-abyroyy ýstem tartyp, "әlemdik jandarmgha" ainalyp shyqqan Resey kóp úzamay qazaq elindegi toqtap qalghan jaugershiligin qarqyndy jýrgizuge kiristi. Patshalyq otarlau sayasatynyng kózdegen eng basty maqsattarynyng biri - jerge ie bolu edi. Búl kóbinese orys mújyqtaryn Reseyden kóshirip әkelip, qazaq jerine qonystandyru arqyly jýrgizildi. Úlan-baytaq qazaq jerin Reseyding tórt general-gubernatorlyghyna bólip berip, jergilikti halyqtyng tilekterimen sanaspay otarlau sayasatynyng neshe týrli qanqúily әdis-tәsilderin qoldanumen boldy. Otarlau sayasaty kýsh alghan kezende qazaqtar óz jerinde "búratana", "tuzemsy" dep atala bastady. Patsha ókimeti qazaq halqynyng birtútastyghyn joyyp, atyshuly "bólip al da, biyley ber" sayasatyn ashyq iske asyrugha qúlshyna kiristi.
1890 jyldan 1917 jylgha deyin Reseyden millionnan astam adam kóshirilip, 500-den astam jana mekenderge (seleniyelerge) ornalastyryldy. Sóitip birinshi dýniyejýzilik soghystyng aldynda qazaq jerine eki millionday adamy bar, myngha juyq kazak-orys stanisalary men sharualardyng meken-jayy ornalastyryldy. Qara shekpenderge jergilikti halyqtyng 40-45 million desyatina shúrayly jerleri tartyp alynyp berildi. Otar eldi basqaru jýiesi jetildirildi. Eng adymen búratana elding tilin, salt-dәstýrin, mәdeniyetin, auyz әdebiyetin, tarihy men etnografiyasyn, geografiyasyn, kәsip-sharuashylyghyn bilip alu ýshin, jer-jerge әskery chinovnikter, oriyentalister, missionerler men saudagerler, sayahatshylar, tútas ekspedisiyalar shygharyldy.
Búl qazaq jerin jón-josyqsyz tartyp alu ishki Reseydegi iri jer iyelenushilerining mýddesin qorghaghan Stolypin reformasy jyldarynda odan әri qarqynmen jýrgizildi. Stolypin sol kezde-aq Memlekettik Dumanyng minbesinen "qyrghyz dalasyn iygeru" jóninde úran tastap, Qazaqstan men Týrkistannyng jerinde jergilikti halyqtyng talabyn ayaqqa basyp, patshalyq әkimshilikting tiregi bolyp tabylatyn kulak sharuashylyqtaryn qúra bastady.
1904 jyly orys-japon soghysynyng aldynda qabyldanghan Senattyng qaulysy boyynsha, Ertis ózenining sol jaghyndaghy qúnarly jer Sibir kazaktaryna berildi. Al qazaqtar ata júrtynan airylyp, kazaktargha jaldanyp, siniri shyqqan kedeyge ainaldy. Jergilikti halyq arasynda ólim-jitim kóbeydi. Sol siyaqty Kaspiy tenizining soltýstik jaghy Jayyq kazaktaryna berildi, alayda ol jerdegi kazaktar ataqonysynan ketpey qoydy.
"Edilding boyy en toghay, el qondyrsam dep edim..." degen Mahambetting sherli jyry sol jaghdaygha baylanysty aitylghan.
1957 jyly Almatyda "Rabochee y agrarnoe dviyjene v Kazahstane v 1907-1914 g.g." degen kitap shygharylghany belgili. Týrkistan general-gubernatorynyng sol kitaptaghy núsqau hatynda: "V programmu voobshe nashey vsey slujebnoy raboty sleduet polojiti tot prostoy vzglyad, chto my jiyvem ne v Aziiy... v russkoy oblasti, gde vremenno eshe dojivait starye aziatskie obychay y nravy, sudiba koih mojet byti toliko odna: ily slitisya s obsheimperskoy grajdanstvennostiu ily ischeznuti. Tuzemsy nas doljny interesovati toliko kak material... Te iz niyh, kto vzdumaet etomu ne podchinitisya, ispytait, nesomnenno, pechalinui sudibu: ony ily ostanutsya bezzemelinymy nishimy ily peremrut, ily Rossiya s nim rasstanetsya. Vse eto nado iymeti na ume y bez lishnih razgovorov na etu temu", - delingen.
Qazaqtyng belgili tarihshysy, akademik R.Sýleymenov ózining bir maqalasynda Týrkistannyng songhy general-gubernatory Kuropatkinning óz kýndeliginde: "Kirgizov (t.e.kazahov) poslednie 40 let tochno bezmolvno soglasilisi stereti s lisa zemli" dep jazghanyn mysalgha keltiredi. Torghay general-gubernatory Barabattyng ózi de mýsheltoyynda: "Ózime baghynyshty qazaq halqyna pravoslaviyalyq din mәdeniyetin taratyp ýlgermedim", - dep ókingeni belgili. Qysqartyp aitqanda, qazaq dalasynyng qojalary - general-gubernatorlardyng ústaghan resmy sayasattarynyng negizgi mazmúny osynday edi.
Shoqan Uәlihanov ózining "Qazaqtardyng kóshi-qony turaly" degen enbeginde otarlyqtyng saldarynan dep kózge týrtip aitpaghanmen, ózi ómir sýrip otyrghan zamanda, yaky patshalyq Reseyding otarlap alghan dәuirinde qazaqtardyng túrmys-tirshiligining tipti nasharlap ketkenin naqty tarihy mәlimettermen dәleldeydi.
Ol: "Búrynghy, eski zamandarda joyqyn soghystar men barymtashylar bolsa da qazaqtar qazirgiden әldeqayda bay túratyn edi" - dep jany japa shege jazady. Onyng basty sebebi Shoqan qazaq jerin okrugtargha bólip jiberip, jersiz qalghanynan, óitkeni jerdi memleket qarauyna alghandyqtan qazaqtar jazda jayylatyn, qysta qystaytyn jerinen airyldy", - dep atap kórsetedi. Sh.Sh.Uәlihanov. Bes tomdyq shygh.jinaghy, 4-t., Almaty, 1985, 106-108-better).
Sol kezdegi tarihy jaghdaylardy zerttep talday kele jәne óz halqynyng túrmys-tirshiligin jetik bilgen Shoqan Resey ýkimetining nazaryn qazaq elining mәselelerine audarugha kóp kýsh salady. Sol maqsatpen ol: "Resey imperiyasynyng qaramaghyndaghy býkil búratana elderding ishinde san jaghynan jәne, sirә, bolashaqta órkendeui jaghynan da birinshi oryn alatyn bizding qazaqtar... bizding halqymyz orystardyng kópshiligining oilaghanynday sonshalyqty taghy jәne sonshalyqty dóreki emes. Dúrysyn aitqanda, qazaq halqy orys patshalyghynyng óte-móte beybitshilik sýigish, demek, taghylyghy neghúrlym kem búratanalarynyng biri", - dep qazaq eline ózining tarihy ornyna qaray layyqty, dúrys qarau qajettigin aitady. (Búl da sonda, 49-bet).
Halqymyzdyng iri oishyly, úly aghartushy Ybyray Altynsarin "Orenburgskiy listok" jurnalynda 1880 jyly jariyalanghan "Qazaq qyryndaghy jút turaly" maqalasynda qazaq tarihyna "jalpaq qoyan" degen atpen engen, key jerde tigerge túyaq qaldyrmay, malyn týgel qyryp ketken súrapyl júttyng kesapatyn suretteydi. Ony oqyghanda úlyghan jel, úiytqyghan borannan shanyraghy shayqalyp, keregesi syqyrlap, uyqtary sytyrlap әreng túrghan kiyiz ýiding ishinde eki qolyn jenine tyghyp, jabaghy kýpi, jarghaq tonnyng ózimen býrseng qaqqan jandardyng ortasynda otyrghanday bolasyn. Nemese alay-týley aqtýtek boranda yqqan jylqyny qayyra almay, dausy qarlyqqansha qúraulap, boldyrghan atyn qayta-qayta tebinip, tepeng qaqqan jylqyshynyng qasynda jýrgendey sezinesin. Onday alapattan qansha mal aman qalady deysin. "Arnayy iriktelgen eki jýz elu asyl túqymdy jylqym týgel derlik qyrylyp qaldy",- dep jazady Ybyken.
Ol kisinin: "...Biz Batys Sibir әkimshiligining qazaqtar arasyndaghy otarlaugha qanday mәdeny ýmit artatynyn týsinbey-aq qoydyq. Onyng ýstine otarlaushylar qonystandyrghan sharualardyng oy órisi men sauaty jóninen qazaqtardan asa artyq eshtenesi de joq. Jalpy, Resey halyqtaryn zordyng kýshimen jasandy jaqyndastyrudyng kýni osy uaqytqa deyin aita qalarlyqtay jemisti nәtiyjege jetkizbegeni belgili. Ony orystardyng ortasynda birneshe ghasyr boyy ómir keship kele jatqan tatarlardyn, bashqúrttardyng jәne basqa búratana halyqtardyng mysalynan kórip otyrmyz. Sol sebepti orystar men qazaqtardyng jaqyndasuyn tabighy jolmen óristetken әldeqayda artyq bolmas pa eken. Óitkeni qazaqtyng bolmys-bitimining ózinde búl rette biraz jaqsy nyshandar bar ghoy..." , - degeni de oida.
Sóz joq, búl maqala - sol kezdegi qazaq auylynyng ótkenin de, órkenin de, ertenin de tereng tolghap, keng qamtyghan shyndyq shejiresi, kәdimgi tiri tariyh. Zer salyp, zerdeley oqyghan adam odan úly aghartushynyng tughan halqym dep attay tulaghan jýregining dýrsilin estip, tilegining dúrystyghyna tәnti bolmay túra almaydy. Kósherin jel, qonaryn say bilgen maldyng babymen qysy-jazy kóship, túraq tappay jýrgen júrtty tyghyryqtan shygharudyng birden-bir joly otyryqshylanu dep biledi Y.Altynsariyn.
Alash kósemderining biri Mirjaqyp Dulatov 1910 jyly "Sibirskie voprosy" basylymynda jariyalanghan jaqyndap kele jatqan jút aldynda eli ýshin boztorghayday shyryldap jazghan maqalasynda: "...Jútqa qarsy kýres múnday kýldirgi oiyn-sauyq sharalary arqyly jýrgizilmeuge tiyis. Múnda basqa, anaghúrlym tiyimdi yntaly sharalar kerek, eng aldymen jergilikti kýshterding óz sana-sezimimen, óz iskerligimen úshtastyrylghan, birlesken belsendilik qimyly, is-әreketi kerek. Tek sonda ghana keybir zemstvolarda apatqa qarsy úiymdastyrylyp jatqan kýres jýzege asyryla alady; tek sonda ghana qazaqtar da, kelimsekter de egin-shópting shyqpay, ónbey qaluyn beti qaytpaytyn, jenistik bermeytin tabighat apaty dep sanamaytyn bolady.
Milliondaghan adamdary bar halyqqa qamqorshy boludy óz mindetine alghan konsul myrzalar "Jút tónip kele jatyr!" dep dabyl qaqty. Keyinnen, 1917 jyly "Qazaq" gazetining 2 mausymdaghy sanynda Dulatov bylay deydi: "Oqushylargha maghlúmat "Oyan, qazaq!" óleng kitabymdy eski ókimet sham kórip, "Qazaq oyanyp ketedi" dep qorqyp, 1911 jyly meni sotqa berdi, so sebepti jyl jarymnan artyq abaqtyda jatyp shyqtym. "Oyan, qazaq!" halyq arasynda taramasyn dep, ýkimet ýkim saldy".
Mirjaqyp Dulatov - alty Alashqa aty jayylghan aqyn ghana emes, óz zamanynda qonyrauday kýmbirlep, óz halqyn bilimge, ghylymgha, oyanugha shaqyrghan ardager azamat edi.
Aqynnyng alghashqy "Oyan, qazaq!" jinaghy halyqtyq kýreske ýndegen joghary revolusiyalyq әuenge toly boldy. Ol úrangha, ýndeuge para-par ólenderimen qazaq halqynyng otarlyq ezgige, qaranghylyqqa qarsy kýres otyna shoq tastady. Kónilderin oyatyp, kózderin ashty, ózderin ózderi tanyp, eskilikten arylyp, janalyqqa úmtylugha shaqyrdy.
1916 jylghy jazalaudan qashyp, bosyp, joqtyq pen ashtyqtan japa shekken halqyna Mirjaqyp janyn sala kómektesedi. Qyzyljar qalasynda bosqyndargha kómektesu ýshin birinshi ret qazaq tarihynda jәrdem qoryn úiymdastyrady. "Búl beyshara bauyrlarymyzdy eskeru, ólimnen, qyrghynnan qútqaru - Alash azamatynyng adamshylyq boryshy" dey otyryp, ol iske ózi bas boldy. "Sondyqtan saqtauly myng dana "Oyan, qazaq!" aqshasyn әlgi bosqyndar jýrgen jetim-jesirlerding paydasyna baghyshtadym" dep jazuy sonyng dәleli.

TÓNKERIS ÁKELGEN APAT

1921-1922 jyldardaghy asharshylyq 1916 jylghy dýrbelennen bastau aldy. 1916 jylghy 25 mausymda búratana halyqtardyng er azamattaryn maydan tylyndaghy qara júmysqa alu jónindegi patsha jarlyghy qalyng qazaq ishindegi dýrbelenning bastaluyna sebep boldy. Jer-jerdegi bas kóterulerde kópshilik: "Jigitterimizdi maydangha jibermeymiz!" dep pәtualasty. Aqyrynda búl qozghalystyng dýmpui býkil qazaq dalasyn sharpydy.
Qanshengel qaraqshylar men qanisher jazalaushylar qarusyz halyqqa, últ-azattyghy jolyndaghy kýreskerlerge qyrghiday tiydi. Mәselen Vernyy uezindegi alghashqylardyng biri bolyp atqa qonghan Botbay bolysynda horunjiy Aleksandrovtyng qara jýzdigi ýsh auyldyng adamyn týgeldey qyryp saldy. Olardyng kýlli qonystaryn órtep, bar malyn aidap әketti. Mine, naq osynday jazalau operasiyalary býkil qazaq jerinde asqan qatygezdikpen jýrip jatty. Az ghana uaqyttyng ishinde Týrkistan ólkesinde 347 adam ólim jazasyna kesilse, Torghay oblysynyng týrmelerine 3 mynnan astam adam qamaldy. Belgili qazaq qalamgeri Qoshke Kemengerúlynyng 1925 jyly Mәskeuden shyqqan "Búrynghy ezilgen últtar" degen enbeginde: "Týrkistanda qazaq - 1.577341 jan. Múndaghy qazaqtar Úly jýz ben Orta jýz. 1916 jylghy patsha ókimetining qyrghynynan Jetisudaghy 1.125000 qazaqtan 500 myndayy ghana qaldy" - dep kórsetedi.
1917 jylghy aqpan tónkerisin qazaqtar quanyshpen qarsy aldy. Óitkeni olar patsha ýkimeti túsyndaghy bodandyqtyng búghauynan birjolata qútylamyz dep ýmittendi. Sondyqtan qazaq ziyalylary Uaqytsha ýkimetti qoldap, ózderining Alashorda partiyasyn qúrugha qol jetkizdi. Solardyng biri tamasha aqyn, talantty jazushy, oily publisist Jýsipbek Aymauytov bolatyn. Ol Mәskeu baspahanasynda basylyp shyqqan "Kәsip tandau psihologiyasy" degen kitabynda 1917 jylghy qos revolusiya turaly: "Soghys jәne tónkeris, tonaushylyq, ashtyq, últtyq bostandyq, avtonomiya... múnyng bәri de qazaq-qyrghyz halyqtarynyng tipten týsine kirmegen nәrseleri, múnyng bәri de qazaq-qyrghyz halyqtaryn qayyrshylyq pen tausylmas joqshylyqtyng túnghiyghyna tastady" - dep ashyna jazdy.
Iri sayasy qayratker Mústafa Shoqay shetelde jýrip Reseyde bolyp jatqan әrbir ózgeristi jiti baqylap otyrdy. Ol resmy derekter men qújattargha sýiene otyryp, Qazan tónkerisining alghashqy kezeninde-aq Týrkistanda sayasiy-әleumettik ahualdyng búrynghydan beter shiyelenisip ketkenin, búrynghy otarlyq sayasattyng jalghasyn tauyp jatqanyn sipattaydy. Mәselen 1917 jylghy 19 qazanda Kenesterding III Týrkistandyq qúryltayynyng qararynda:
"Qazirgi uaqytta ólkelik tónkerisining joghary ókimet organdaryna músylmandardy engizuding qisyny joq!" degen shovinistik baghyttaghy tújyrymyna qarsy shyqty. Qazan tónkerisining Týrkistan halyqtaryna erkindik, әleumettik jenildik әkelmey, qayta azap әkelgenin dәleldeu ýshin M.Shoqay kóbine ókimet basyndaghy resmy adamdardyng belgili mәlimdemelerin keltirip otyrady. Eldegi naqty әleumettik jaghdaydy keybir ókimet basshylary óz enbekterinde ashyp jazdy. RSFSR Halyq komissarlary Kenesining orynbasary Túrar Rysqúlovtyng "Tónkeris jәne Týrkistannyng jergilikti halqy" (1925 j.) degen kitabyndaghy faktilerdi de, Týrkistan halyq komissarlary Kenesining tóraghasy bolishevik Sorokinning jazbalaryn da oryndy paydalanghan. Sorokin "Kenes soldattary músylmandardan bәrin tartyp alady, sóitip qana qoymay, olardy óltirip te tastaydy. Bizding soldattarymyz qorghaudyng ornyna tonaumen jәne óltirumen ainalysady. Músylman últshyldary tek qana qorlaudy kóre túryp, bizge qalaysha dostarsha qarasyn? Olardy bizding ózimiz últshyl jasaymyz", - dep sol kezdegi Týrkistannyng әleumettik ahualyn dәl sipattaghan.
Osy siyaqty jana otarshyldyq әreketterding auyr zardaptary halyqqa qasiret әkelgen. Aytalyq, bir ghana Perovsk (qazirgi Qyzylorda) aimaghynda bolishevikterding ospadarlyghy saldarynan 1 milliongha juyq adam ólgen (sonda, 75-bet). Búl faktini Mústafa "Pravdanyn" 1920 jylghy 20 mausymdaghy sanynan alghandyghyn aitady. Múnday búltartpas faktiler M.Shoqaydyn: "Týrkistandaghy Kenes ókimeti "týrkistandyq әielder men balalardyng óligining ýstine ornyqqan". Yaky "qazan tónkerisi búrynghy búratana halyqtargha әleumettik progress әkelmey, qayta jana otarlyq búghau әkeldi" degen tújyrymdaryn rastay týsedi.
Patshalyq túsynda bastalghan qúrtu sayasaty odan әri jalghastyrylyp, kәdimgidey josparly týrde myndap, milliondap halyqtyng kózin joyyp jatty. Álbette, ashtyq pen azamat soghysynyng orystardyng da, ukraindardyng da, Resey men onyng shet aimaqtarynyng halyqtarynyng da ómirin milliondap qighany ras. Alayda dәl osynday "markstik túrghydan" ... "teoriyalyq jaghynan negizdelgen" - qúryp ketuge tiyis deytin qatygez tariyhqa qas, adamzatqa qas, synarjaq, sanaly týrde qasaqana oilastyrylghan ýkimdi tútas bir halyqqa eshkim shygharghan emes. Órkeniyet tarihynan múnday mysaldy tabu qiyn.
"Pravda" gazetining 1922 jylghy 20 mamyrdaghy №11 sanynda jazylghanday: "1917, 1918, 1919 jyldarda jerlerin tartyp alu ýshin qyrghyzdardy (qazaqtardy) tiridey órtedi!"... "olardy ang aulaghanday aulady. Olar óz-ózinen qúryp ketetindey kýige jetkizildi". "Olardyng mal aidauyna kedergi keltiru ýshin kóptegen jer uchaskeleri basyp alyndy. Mal aidap ótushilerden aiyp-anjy ýshin kósh joldaryna әdeyi omartalar qoyyldy".
Sovet baspasózining betterinen tek 1919 jyldyng ózinde ghana "1 million 114 myng qazaqtyn" qyrghyngha úshyratylghanyn bilgen. (Rysqúlov T. "Tónkeris jәne Týrkistannyng jergilikti halqy", Membaspa, Tashkent, 1925 j. 77-bet).
Qazaq halqynyng HIH ghasyrdyng ayaghy men HH ghasyrdyng bas kezindegi taghdyr-talayyn sóz etkende Á.Bókeyhanov, A.Baytúrsynov, M.Dulatov, J.Aymauytov, H.Dosmúhamedov sekildi kóptegen túlghalar auyzgha alynady. Solardyng qatarynan óz kezenining kórnekti qogham qayratkeri, ýlken aghartushy әri publisist Qaljan Qonyratbaevtyng da alatyn ózindik orny bar. Tómende onyng "Birlik tuy" gazetinde búdan 90 jylday búryn jaryq kórgen "Týrkistan qazaqtarynyng jәii" atty maqalasynan ýzindiler keltiremiz.
"Tórt jylgha sozylghan kesirli soghystyng lanymen qymbatshylyqtyng zardabyn tartqan Týrkistan halqyna byltyrdan beri tabighat ta qosymsha "jyghylghannyng ýstine júdyryq" bolyp túr. Ótken jyl qúrghaqshylyqtan jerge týk shyqpady. Týrkistan halqy astyqsyz qaldy. Jalpy Týrkistannyng basyna kelgen búl auyrlyqtyng airyqsha salmaghy bizding qazaqqa týsip, búl oghan "Aqtaban shúbyryndy, Alqakól súlamadan" keyingi bir әidik apat boldy. Áulie Ata, Shymkent, Tashkent pen Týrkistan uezderi, әlde qalay jerleri bolmasa, tep-tegis maldan qol jughanday kórinedi.
...Búl elderde airyqsha bolghan bir jaman júmys - malsyz qalghan sorlylar jinalyp baryp, maly barlardyng qolyndaghy malyn bas salyp tartyp jep jatyr eken. Osy kýn әr jerde-aq jarly halyq arasynda ólim kóbeyip, kýnnen kýnge qorqynysh ýdep barady.
...Aqkemer, Júryn stansasynan bastap Túztóbege sheyin termirjolmen jýrgen adam "Týrkistanda eshbir qazaq qalmaghan shyghar" degen pikirdi eriksiz oilaydy.
...Satugha nәrsesi qalmaghandar ashtan óle bastady. Aryqtan aram ólip qalghan maldardyng ólimitigin jep, bir kýnge bolsa da jan saqtap túrghandary da joq emes.
...Al endi tamaghy toq, iyghy býtin aghayynnyng ol sorlylargha kórsetip jatqan az ghana da qayyry joq. Sharuasy tәuir auqatty adamdar ózining aryqtap ólgen malynyng jasyghyn kedeyge satyp payda qylady. Beyshara ashtar qaytsyn... amalsyzdan ólip bara jatqan song baydyng súraghanyna kónip ala beredi.
...Búl ne degen meyirimsizdik?
Búl ne degen músylmanshylyq?
...Mineki, ashtan óleyin dep jatqan aghayynnyng halin bilip, oghan jәrdem qyludyng ornyna auqatty aghayynnyng istep jatqan isteri osy. Búl qalay? Qyryq ru halyqty bir kisining balasynday qylyp, bir tudyng astyna jighan "óz basyng sýigendi basqa músylman aghayyndaryna da istemesen, músylman emessin" degen din bizding tútynghan islam dinimiz emes pe?
...Júrt iyesi qariyalar! El aghasy myrzalar! Din bastyghy ghúlama hәm ishandar! Qaryndastyq, músylmanshylyq boryshtarynyzdy shynymen-aq úmytyp kettinizder me? Alash balalary qany bir bauyr emes pe edik? "Aghayyn bir ólide, bir tiride" degen qayda? Aghayyn ólse, óp-ótirik ókirip kelip, jylaghan bolamyz. Tiride kerek qylmaghan aghayynnyng ólgenine jylauymyz riya bolmay ma? Júrttyng jayy osy.
Endi múnyng ýstine qoshemet kesh bolyp túrghan qazirgi hýkimetting qosymshylyqtary óz aldyna bir bap".

Qaljan Qonyratbaev
("Birlik tuy" gazeti, 14 sәuir, 1918 jyl)

Alty alashtyng erkindigin, baqytty bolashaghyn ansaghan qayratker K.Qonyratbaev alashordashylar retinde tútqyndalyp, kenester túsyndaghy jappay repressiyanyng qúrbany bolghan. 1937 jyldyng 30 qarasha kýni ústalyp, 1940 jyldyng 23 shildesinde Sovetskaya Gavani әskery portynyng manyndaghy konslageride kóz júmdy.
Osylaysha jazyqsyz jazalanghan azamattyng esimi jetpis jyldan song qayta oralyp otyr. Keshegi "Ayqap", "Qazaq", "Aq jol" basylymdarynyng Syr boyyndaghy tilshisi, halyq soty, halyq múrasynyng qamqorshysy, aghartushy Qaljan Qonyratbaevtyng taghdyr-talayy turaly aitylar sóz әli alda dep bilu kerek.
Patshalyq Resey qazaqtardy "búratana" esebinde, aqtar qyzyldargha bolystyng dep, qyzyldar aqtargha bolystyng dep, kommunister - baysyng dep, alashordashylsyng dep, últshylsyn, halyq jauysyng dep qyrdy.
Azamat soghysy jәne shetel intervensiyasy jyldarynda Qazaqstan orasan adam jәne sharuashylyq shyghyndaryna úshyrady. Eki jyldyng ishinde soghystan jәne asharshylyqtan 800 myngha juyq jergilikti halyq qaza boldy. (Resey Feder. Meml.múr-y 5451-qor, 25-tize, 12-is, 42-bet).
1918 jyldyng jazynda sheteldik interventter men ishki kontrrevolusiyalyq kýshter Qazaqstannyng Oral, Torghay, Aqmola, Semey oblystarynyng kóptegen jerlerin basyp aldy. Halyqaralyq imperialisterding qolshoqpary bolghan aq gvardiyashylar búl aimaqtarda kontrrevolusiyalyq diktatura ornatty. Jergilikti halyqty asyp-atyp, týrmelerge toghytty. Qúlaq estip, kóz kórmegen ozbyrlyqtar jasalyp, qazaq jeri qan sasyghan mýrdelerge toldy.
Oral ónirinde 1918 jyldyng kýzinde zúlmat pen lankestik jayylyp, jazalaushy otryadtar órship ketti. Oral qalasyndaghy 255 kommunisting bir bóligin aq qazaqtar asa jauyzdyqpen óltirdi. Beybit jergilikti túrghyndar qamshy astyna alynyp, jazalandy.
Ózining esteliginde Baqytjan Qarataev bylay dep jazady: "Týrmeden evakuasiyagha shygharylghan 37 adamnyng 1919 jyly 24 qantar kýni Qyzylqogha men Guriev aralyghynda aqtar 34 bolishevikti atyp tastady. Elek qalasynda 400 adamdy aiuandyqpen qinap, óltirdi. Qaraoba, Bórli, Borbashevka bolystary, Fedorovka, Almaznoe, Lubyanka jәne basqa poselkilerding halyqtaryn tonap, olargha auyr salyq saldy". (QR Preziydentining múraghaty, 139-qor, 1-tizbe, 29-is, 142-bet).
Azamat soghysy jyldarynda qazaq jerin qangha boyaghan ataman Annenkov bolatyn. Osyghan oray "Qazaq tili" gazetinde jariyalanghan "Ayuandyq pen jauyzdyqtyng tuy" degen maqalada: "Annenkovshylar kisi óltirip, qinaudyng eki týrli tәsilin oilap shygharghan. Onyng biri - Kenes ókimetine tilektes dep kýdiktengen adamdardy birden shauyp óltirmey, әueli qolyn kesken, sonan song ishek-qarnyn aqtaryp, kózin oighan. Al ekinshi tәsil búdan da qorqynyshty. Besiktegi nәresteni myltyqtyng nayzasyna týirep, peshtegi otqa tastaghan" - dep baskeserlerding zúlymdyqtaryn kórsetedi. ("Qazaq tili", 1927 jyl, 2 shilde).
Osylaysha Qazan tónkerisining alghashqy jyldarynda-aq bolishevikter de revolusiya mýddesi ýshin kóshpeli halyqty qúrbandyqqa shaludan tartynbady. Týrkistan ólkesin jaylaghan asharshylyq jyldarynda qazaqtardy saqtap qalugha baryn salghan Túrar Rysqúlovqa qarsy túrghan Týrkistan bolishevikterining sayasy basshylary qazaqtardyng asharshylyqtan, soghys kommunizminen qyryluyn zandy qúbylys dep tanyghan edi.
Orys jazushysy Nikolay Anastasiev Múhtar Áuezov turaly jazghan kitabynda: "Dlya yasnosti: Fedor Kolesov y Ivan Tobolin - bolisheviki, zanimavshie srazu posle revolusiy vidnye pozisiy v Turkestanskom krae. Posledniy, po sviydetelistvam ochevidsev, otkrovenno publichno zayavlyal, chto kirgizy, to esti kazahy kak narod... s tochky zreniya marksistov, ekonomichesky slabyi, vse ravno doljen budet vymereti..." (I.Anastasiev, "Múhtar Auezov", Moskva, 2006, str.130) - dep keltirgen aighaqty pikiri jan dýniyendi órtshe sharpidy emes pe?
1920 jyldyng kókteminde býkil dala ónirinde astyqty, maldy, kiyim-keshekti kýshtep tәrkileu bastaldy. Jeniske qoly jetkennen son, bolishevikter qazaqtargha kenestik ýstemdikting sabaqtaryn kýshpen "ýirete" bastady.
Soghystan son, halyq sharuashylyghyn qalpyna keltiru jyldarynda, jer men maldy jappay nasionalizasiyalau, kóshpeli halyqty otyryqshylyqqa auystyru sayasaty da mal basyn azaytyp qana qoymay, adamdardy da jana qyrghyngha úshyratty.

Jalghasy bar

Tileu Kólbaev, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor

«Týrkistan» gazeti