10 jylda 250 mlrd dollar kóleminde sheteldik investisiya tartylghan

Qazaqstanda qolayly investisiyalyq ahual qúru boyynsha qarqyndy júmys jýrgizilude. Arnayy ekonomikalyq jәne industriyalyq aimaqtar, damu instituttary, qarjy úiymdary, qúqyqtyq negiz últtyq ekonomikany damytu ýshin jana serpin berdi. 2019 jyly 103 otandyq jәne sheteldik jobany iske qosu josparlanuda.

Elding investisiyalyq tartymdylyghy otandyq jәne sheteldik investorlardy qoldaugha qúrylghan infraqúrylymgha tikeley baylanysty. Qazaqstanda biznesti jýrgizu jәne investorlardy tirkeu rәsimderin jenildetuge qatysty jýrgizilip jatqan sayasat Qazaqstangha Býkilәlemdik Bankting jyl sayynghy reytingisinde óz pozisiyasyn kóteruge mýmkindik berdi. Mәselen, Doing Business úsynghan 2019 jylghy esepte Qazaqstannyng pozisiyasy 36-dan 28-ge deyin kóterildi (әlemning 190 elinen), sonymen qatar «Kәsiporyndardy tirkeu» sanaty boyynsha pozisiya 5 jolgha jogharylap , 36-oryngha jetti.

Esepke sәikes, biznesti retteuge investorlar ýshin «birynghay tereze» baghdarlamasyn jәne ASTANA-1 kedendik deklarasiyalaudyng elektrondyq jýiesin engizu arqyly sauda sayasatyn jenildetude aitarlyqtay ong nәtiyjelerge qol jetkizildi . Sonymen qatar, kommersiyalyq ister boyynsha sot sheshimderin jariyalau Qazaqstanda kelisim-sharttardyng oryndaluyn jenildetti.

Tәuelsizdik jyldary ishinde Qazaqstan 320 mlrd. AQSh doll. kóleminde tikeley sheteldik investisiyasyn (TShI) tartty. Sonymen qosa songhy 10 jylda últtyq ekonomikagha 250,2 mlrd. AQSh dollary kóleminde tabys týsti. Búl ýrdis investisiyalyq sayasattyng tiyimdiligin kórsetedi. TShY – dyng eng joghary kólemi 2012 jyly – 28,9 mlrd. AQSh doll. boldy, búl kórsetkish 2011 jyly – 26,5 mlrd. AQSh doll. jәne 2018 jyly – 24,3 mlrd. AQSh dollaryn qúrady.

2019 jyldyng birinshi toqsanynyng qorytyndysy boyynsha Qazaqstangha TShIY-dyng jalpy aghyny 6 mlrd. AQSh dollaryn qúrady (bir jyl búryn – 6,7 mlrd. AQSh doll.). Jalpy, 2018 jyly TShY kólemi 24,3 mlrd. AQSh dollaryna jetti, búl 2017 jylgha (21 mlrd. AQSh doll.) qaraghanda 15,8%-gha kóp. JIÓ-den TShY aghynynyng ýlesi 2017 jylghy 12,9% – dan 14% – gha deyin ósti. Búghan qosa 2022 jylgha qaray Qazaqstan Ýkimeti jalpy TShY kólemining JIÓ-ge araqatynasyn 19% – gha deyin jetkizudi josparlap otyr.

Salalyq bóliniste TShIY-dyng eng ýlken kólemi 2018 jyly tau-ken qazu ónerkәsibine jәne karierlerdi qazugha 13,6 mlrd. AQSh doll. baghyttaldy. Óndeushi ónerkәsipke, sonday-aq kóterme jәne bólshek saudagha investisyalar sәikesinshe, 3,4 jәne 3,3 mlrd. AQSh doll. qúrady. Sonymen qatar, salalardyng eng ýzdik-5-tigine mynalar endi: qarjy jәne saqtandyru qyzmeti – 1,3 mlrd. AQSh doll., kólik jәne qoymalau – 786 mln. AQSh doll. Qazaqstan Ýkimeti shiykizattyq tәueldilikti tómendetuge baghyttalghan ekonomikany әrtaraptandyru boyynsha júmys jýrgizude. Elding sayasaty investisiyalyq aghymdargha ong әser etti – 2018 jyly qarjy jәne saqtandyru qyzmetine investisiyalardyng ýlesi 1,9% – dan 5,4% – gha deyin, kәsibi, ghylymy jәne tehnikalyq salagha 0,9% – dan 2,8% – gha deyin, qúrylysqa 1,6% – dan 2,4% – gha deyin ósti.Sheteldik kapitaldyng qatysuymen 2018 jyly somasy 3,1 mlrd. AQSh dollaryn qúraytyn 27 joba iske qosyldy, olar 6 myng jana júmys ornyn ashugha mýmkindik berdi. Jobalardyng basym bóligi Almaty oblysynda iske asyryldy – 4,1 mlrd. AQSh doll. somasyna 27 joba, Qaraghandy oblysynda – 2,1 mlrd. AQSh dollary somasyna 15 joba jәne Núr-súltan qalasynda – 4,1 mlrd. AQSh doll. somasyna 12 joba. 2019 jyly qosymsha 27 jobany iske qosudy qamtamasyz etu jәne 100-ge juyq jana investorlardy tartu josparlanuda.

Investisiyalardy tartu men eksportty damytudyng negizgi qúraldarynyng biri arnayy ekonomikalyq jәne industriyalyq aimaqtar (AEA jәne IA) bolyp tabylady. AEA-nyng júmys isteui әdette syrtqy ekonomikalyq qyzmetti yryqtandyru jәne jandandyru esebinen ashyq ekonomika qaghidattaryn iske asyrugha baghyttalghan. Olardyng artyqshylyqtary erekshe kedendik, salyqtyq jәne valutalyq rejimder bolyp tabylady.Preferensiyalar men jenildikter paketi әrbir AEA men IA ýshin jeke biregey ekenin atap ótken jón. Búl rette AEA qatysushylary ýshin kedendik jәne salyqtyq jenildikter kóp.

Qazirgi tanda Qazaqstanda elding 11 ónirinde 12 AEA júmys isteydi. Ýsh AEA 2017 – 2018 jyldary qúryldy («Astana – Tehnopoliys», «Qorghas» ShYHO jәne «Týrkistan»).

Barlyq AEA infraqúrylymynyng qúrylysyna elimizding budjetinen 314,3 mlrd tenge júmsaldy. 2019 jylghy mamyr aiynyng sonyndaghy jaghday boyynsha AEA aumaghynda 183 joba iske qosyldy, onyng 46-sy sheteldikterding qatysumen boldy. Tartylghan investisiya kólemi 910 mlrd. tengege jetti.AEA – nyng júmys isteui últtyq ekonomikany damytugha ong әser etti -15,5 myng jana júmys orny ashyldy, 150 mlrd. tenge kólemindegi salyq týsimderi tartyldy. Búl rette investisiyalyq preferensiyalar sheteldik investorlardyng nazaryn audaratynyn eskergen jón, sebebi , olardyng jobalargha qatysu ýlesi 27% – dy qúrady. Investisiyalardy tartu boyynsha neghúrlym tiyimdi júmys «Ontýstik» AEA – da jýrgizilude – 1 budjettik tengege 15,5 tenge investisiya tartyldy. 2005 jyldan bastap jalpy investisiya kólemi 77,5 mlrd. tengeni qúrady. AEA qyzmeti ishki tútynu naryghynyng ósuine jәne toqyma ónimderining eksportqa baghdarlanghan óndirisin úiymdastyrugha baghyttalghan.Tiyimdiligi boyynsha ekinshi oryngha «Aqtau teniz porty» AEA shyqty – 1 budjettik tengege 15,4 tenge investisiya týsedi. Sonday-aq, Eng ýzdik 3-tikting qúramyna «Pavlodar» AEA kiredi, ol salynghan qarajattyng 1 tengesine 12,3 tengeni tartty.2021 jylgha qaray AEA aumaqtarynda jalpy somasy 2 trln tengeden asatyn 147 jobany iske asyru josparlanuda, onyng ishinde 2019 jyly 160 mlrd tengeden astam somagha 36 joba iske qosylady.

Shaghyn jәne orta biznesti damytu, sonday-aq óndiristi yntalandyru maqsatynda elimizding 9 ónirinde 23 industriyalyq aimaq qúryldy. Qazirgi tanda olar 8,5 myng júmys ornyn qamtamasyz etetin 168 óndiristik jobany iske asyrdy.IA infraqúrylymyna ketken memlekettik shyghyndar 85,9 mlrd tengeni qúrady. Tartylghan investisiya kólemi 183 mlrd tengege jetedi. Osylaysha, salynghan 1 budjettik tengege 2,1 tenge investisiya tartyldy.

2021 jylgha qaray IA aumaghynda 520 mlrd tengege juyq somagha 173 jobany engizu josparlanuda.

Qazaqstandyq tauarlardy sheteldik naryqtargha jyljytu sayasatyn kýsheytuge, sonday-aq ishki naryqty sapasyz importtyq tauarlardan qorghau tiyimdiligin arttyrugha erekshe nazar audaryluda. Búl sayasat qazaqstandyq ekonomikany әlemdik ekonomikagha odan әri yqpaldastyrugha baghyttalghan. Osy maqsatta 2019 jylghy 17 mausymda Qazaqstan Preziydenti «Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng memlekettik basqaru jýiesin odan әri jetildiru jónindegi sharalar turaly» Jarlyqqa qol qoydy, oghan sәikes Qazaqstanda Sauda jәne integrasiya ministrligi qúryldy.

Jana ministrlikke Últtyq ekonomika ministrligining ishki jәne syrtqy sauda sayasatyn qalyptastyru jәne iske asyru, halyqaralyq ekonomikalyq integrasiya, tútynushylardyng qúqyqtaryn qorghau salasyndaghy; Industriya jәne infraqúrylymdyq damu ministrligining ólshem birligin tehnikalyq retteu, standarttau jәne qamtamasyz etu salasyndaghy; Syrtqy ister ministrligining eksportty ilgeriletu salasyndaghy qyzmetti ýilestiru jónindegi funksiyalary men ókilettikteri berildi.

2019 jyly jalpy qúny 163 mlrd tengeni qúraytyn 40 jobany iske asyrugha dayyndyq júmystary jýrgizilude. Elding otandyq investorlardy qoldau jónindegi sayasaty eng aldymen últtyq ekonomikany damytugha jәne halyqtyng әl-auqatyn arttyrugha baghyttalghan. Osy maqsatty iske asyru ýshin investisiyalyq jobalardy qarjylandyrudy tiyimdi qúrylymdaugha qabiletti damu instituttary, kvaziymemlekettik sektor subektileri, halyqaralyq qarjy úiymdarynyng ókildikteri qúryldy. Múnday kompaniyalardyng qataryna «Astana» halyqaralyq qarjy ortalyghy, Qazaqstannyng Damu Banki, KazakhExport, Kazyna Capital Management, Kazakhstan Project Preparation Fund, Astana Hub, «Damu» qory, QazTech Ventures jәne t.b. jatady.

Iri jәne orta biznesti qoldau qaryzdyq qarjylandyru, subsidiyalar, ýlestik qarjylandyru, kepildikter men saqtandyru, lizing, jobalardy konsulitativtik sýiemeldeu, eksporttyq jәne eksport aldyndaghy qarjylandyru arqyly jýzege asyrylady. Shaghyn jәne orta biznes ýshin qoldaudyng kelesi týrleri qarastyrylghan: subsidiyalau, granttar, kenes beru, venchurlik qarjylandyru jәne qúzyretterdi damytu.

2018 jyldyng qorytyndysy boyynsha Qazaqstannyng Damu Banki jalpy somasy 5,3 trln tengege 63 jobany qarjylandyrdy. KazakhExport eksporttaushylargha 90,2 mlrd tenge somasyna saqtandyrugha qoldau kórsetti jәne 10,3 jәne 6,9 mord. tg somasyna, sәikesinshe, saudalyq jәne eksport aldyndaghy qarjylandyrudy jýzege asyrdy. «Damu» qory 495 mlrd tenge somasyna 22,4 myng ShOB jobasyn qoldady, al «Biznesting jol kartasy» ayasynda 2,7 myng joba subsidiya men qarjylandyru aldy.

«Bәiterek» ÚBH» AQ qoldauyna ie bolghan kәsiporyndar 2018 jyly 2,1 trln tenge somagha ónim satqan. Óz kezeginde salyq tólemderining kólemi 278,1 mlrd tengeni qúrady.

Jalpy shaghyn jәne orta kәsipkerlik subektilerining ónim shygharu ýlesi 2018 jyly 44,4% qúrady (2017 jyly – 39,8%). Kәsipkerler jalpy somasy 26,5 trln tengege ónim satty. Búl rette ónimning 68,8%–yn shaghyn kәsiporyndar, 19,6%–yn orta biznes jәne 11,6% – yn jeke kәsipkerler men sharua qojalyqtary shyghardy. Qazaqstannyng 8,7 mln júmyspen qamtylghan halqynyng 3,3 mln-y ShOB subektilerinde júmyspen qamtyldy.