Áne-mine degenshe, jaz da ótip barady bilinbey. Jylyna bir mәrte keletin enbek demalysyn útymdy paydalanudy aldyn-ala josparlap jýrgenim bar-tyn. Bәzbireuler siyaqty shetel asyp ketpey-aq, elimizding tabighaty súlu, tarihy qalalaryn aralaudy qúp kórip, saparymdy Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysyna baghyttadym.
Tarih pen shejirege toly Semey topyraghyn basudy talaydan beri armandaushy edim. Qazaqtyng mandayyna bitken Abayday úly aqynynyng tabanynyng izi qalghan ónirge kim-kimning de asyghatyny ras. Tipti Abay salghan dana joldy jalghastyrushylar - Jýsipbek Aymauytov, Mirjaqyp Dulatov, Álihan Bókeyhanov, Álimhan Ermekov, Súltanmahmút Torayghyrov, Halel Ghabbasov, Múhtar Áuezovting salghan izderi sayrap jatyr múnda. Olar Semey qalasyn kýlli qazaq elining ruhany astanasyna ainaldyrghan joq pa edi?! Últ kósemderining maqsat-mýddesi toghysyp, Alash elining aibynyn asqaqtatqan Semey shahary bizdi de jyly shyraymen qarsy aldy. Jýitkigen poyyz kópten ansatqan qalagha kep toqtaghanda óne boyymdy bir júmbaq sezim biylep alghanday boldy. Saf auany tereng jútyp, tynys aldym. Qúddy bir órkeniyet pen ruhaniyattyng altyn oshaghyna sap ete qalghanday әserge bólenedi ekensin. Qansha degenmen, qazaqtyng ziyalylarynyng basy jii qosylghan, últtyng joghyn joqtap, múnyn múndaghan, alghash qazaq tilindegi basylymdardyng jaryq kórgen mekeni emes pe?!

Áne-mine degenshe, jaz da ótip barady bilinbey. Jylyna bir mәrte keletin enbek demalysyn útymdy paydalanudy aldyn-ala josparlap jýrgenim bar-tyn. Bәzbireuler siyaqty shetel asyp ketpey-aq, elimizding tabighaty súlu, tarihy qalalaryn aralaudy qúp kórip, saparymdy Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysyna baghyttadym.
Tarih pen shejirege toly Semey topyraghyn basudy talaydan beri armandaushy edim. Qazaqtyng mandayyna bitken Abayday úly aqynynyng tabanynyng izi qalghan ónirge kim-kimning de asyghatyny ras. Tipti Abay salghan dana joldy jalghastyrushylar - Jýsipbek Aymauytov, Mirjaqyp Dulatov, Álihan Bókeyhanov, Álimhan Ermekov, Súltanmahmút Torayghyrov, Halel Ghabbasov, Múhtar Áuezovting salghan izderi sayrap jatyr múnda. Olar Semey qalasyn kýlli qazaq elining ruhany astanasyna ainaldyrghan joq pa edi?! Últ kósemderining maqsat-mýddesi toghysyp, Alash elining aibynyn asqaqtatqan Semey shahary bizdi de jyly shyraymen qarsy aldy. Jýitkigen poyyz kópten ansatqan qalagha kep toqtaghanda óne boyymdy bir júmbaq sezim biylep alghanday boldy. Saf auany tereng jútyp, tynys aldym. Qúddy bir órkeniyet pen ruhaniyattyng altyn oshaghyna sap ete qalghanday әserge bólenedi ekensin. Qansha degenmen, qazaqtyng ziyalylarynyng basy jii qosylghan, últtyng joghyn joqtap, múnyn múndaghan, alghash qazaq tilindegi basylymdardyng jaryq kórgen mekeni emes pe?!
Tariyhqa kóz jýgirtsek, alapat ashtyq qarsanynda últ janashyrlary kýizelgen elge qolúshyn beru maqsatymen Semeyde "Janar" atty úiym qúrghan. Búl úiymnyng maqsat-mindeti - qarapayym halyqqa kómektesu, últ bostandyghy jolyndaghy jastardy qamqorlyqqa alyp, bilimge, sayasatqa tartu boldy. Sol arqyly qazaq últynyng kóshten qalmay, qazaq tilining jer betinen óship ketpeui ýshin Alash kósemderi ayanbay ter tókken. 1917 jyly qazaq ziyalylarynyng kóshbasshylary bostandyq tuyn kóterip, "Alashorda" ýkimetin qúryp, alghashqy qúryltay da osy qalada ótkeni belgili. Sol 1917 jyldyng mausym aiynan bastap Semey qalasynda Halel Ghabbasov pen Rayymjan Mәrsekovting redaktorlyghymen "Saryarqa" aptalyghy jaryq kórse, osy jyly Múhtar Áuezov pen Jýsipbek Aymauytov "Abay" jurnalyn shyghardy. Bertin kele, yaghny 1925 jyly barsha qazaq qauymy "Tan" jurnalymen qauyshqan-dy. "Halyqtyng kózi, qúlaghy hәm tiline" ainalghan qazaq basylymdarynyng ghúmyry qysqa bolsa da, qazaq últyn bir tudyng astyna biriktiruge sýbeli ýles qosqanyna tarih paraqtary kuә. Onda jariyalanghan tarihi-etnografiyalyq, әdeby materialdar әli kýnge qúndylyghyn joyghan emes. Mine, biz taban tiregen Semeyde últ ziyalylarynyng betke ústar qaymaqtary shoghyrlanghanyn, alghashqy qazaq basylymdarynyng qarlyghashtary jaryq kórgenin osydan-aq angharugha bolmay ma?!
Alayda sol kezderi Alash júrtynyng aibyndy, ruhany astanasyna ainalghan Semeyding býgingi bet-beynesi qalay? Kókeyge týigen osy saualgha jaghymdy jauap alarmyn dep kelgen kónilim su sepkendey basylyp sala berdi. Kónilding qonyltaqsityn sebebi - qalada qazaqy últtyq naqyshtan belgi az. Áli kýnge kóshesining kóbi eski kenestik ataudan arylmaghan. Qoghamdyq kólikke bas súghyp edim, túrghylyqty qazaqtardyng oryssha shýldirlegenin kórip, jýregim qan jylady. Bir bayqaghanym, qalanyng qay mýiisine barsanyz da, qazaqtan góri basqa últ ókilining salmaghy basym siyaqty. Bәlkim qalanyng tolyqtay qazaqshagha kóshe almay jatqandyghy sonyng saldarynan bolar dep týidim. Nege ekeni belgisiz, kóz aldyma Almatygha alghash kelgen 1997 jyldar kólbendey ketti. Sol kezde dәl osynday sezimde bolghanym әli esimde. Ayaldama ataulary, kóshe attary, "jolaqysyn tóle" dep tyqaqtaghan konduktorlar da oryssha sayrap qoyatyn-dy. Qazirgi jaghday mýldem basqasha. Býgingi Almaty keshegi Almaty emes. Al býgingi Semey qalasy osydan on jyl búrynghy Almatynyng naq ózi siyaqty...

Tarihy oqighalargha kuә Semey qalasy - Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysynyng batys ónirindegi ekinshi oryndaghy qala. Ol Ertis ózenining eki jaghasyna ornalasqan. Múny jergilikti halyq "Eski Semey" jәne "Jana Semey" dep atap ketken. Odan bólek Semeydi Ertis ýstindegi qala deydi. Kezinde Semey bekinisi damy kele Resey men Qazaqstan arasyndaghy ghana emes, sonday-aq Orta Aziya, Batys Qytay arasyndaghy manyzdy sauda punktine ainalypty. Sodan ba eken, sauda kópesteri túrghyzghan ghimarattar men tatar meshitteri anadaydan "men múndalap" túr әli de.
Al býginde qala halqy 300 myng adamnan asyp jyghylady. Qolda bar mәlimetterge qaraghanda, túrghyndardyng 59 payyzy - qazaqtar, 33 payyzy - orystar. Qazaqtyng qarasy basymdyqqa ie bolsa da, semeylikter qazaq tiline kóshuge kelgende jaybaraqattyq tanytuda.
Qoghamdyq kólikpen qalanyng kóshelerin aralap kelem. Áueli ýlken danghyl - Lenin kóshesine týsti. Óz kózime ózim sene alar emespin. Búryn da baspasózden "Semeyde Lenin atyndaghy kóshe әli bar" degendi kózim shalghan-tyn. Biraq Tәuelsizdikting 20 jyldyghyna ayaq basqan uaqytta qala qylyshynan qan tamghan kenestik kezenning belgilerinen tazartylghan shyghar dep oilaghan edim. Alayda olay emes eken. Ári qaray Abay kóshesine týsip, quanyp kettim. Úly aqyngha arnalghan eskertkish te osy kósheden oryn tepken. Oqyrmanyna ghasyrdan artyq uaqyt qyzmet etip keletin Abay atyndaghy әmbebap kitaphana da kózge jyly úshyrady. Bir zamanda Semey jeri patshalyq Resey ýshin sayasy aiyptylardy jazalau mekenining birine ainalghany tarihtan mәlim. Sonday jer audarylghandardyng biri E.P.Mihaelis Abaymen alghash osy kitaphanada tanysypty. Abaydyng ómirge, dýniyege degen kózqarasynyng shyndaluyna dosy Mihaelisting septigi tiygenin M.Áuezovting "Abay jolynan" oqyghanbyz...
Eski Semey qalasynyng ózi de elimizding sol bir bodandyq qúrsauyndaghy tarihy sәtterin pash etetin siyaqty. Tipti keybir kósheleri Reseyding mesheu qalashyghynda jýrgendey әser qaldyrady eken. Mәselen Krasiyn, K.Marks, Leninogorskaya, Shubinskaya, Michuriyn, Karagandinskaya, Chehov, Dostoevskiy, Glinka, Anov, Besatarnaya, Liniya, t.b. tolyp jatqan kenestik zamannan qalghan ataulardan basyng ainalady. Kenestik kezeng kelmeske ketse de, sony kýni býginge deyin kókseytinder dәp osy qalagha shoghyrlanghan siyaqty. Biz shahardaghy onomastikalyq mәselening mәn-jayyn bilu ýshin Semey qalalyq Mәdeniyet jәne tilderdi damytu basqarmasynyng bólim bastyghy Aydar Sanaev myrzagha habarlastyq. Á degennen-aq, saualymyzdy "Lenin kóshesin auystyrmaugha ne týrtki boldy?" deuden bastaghanymyzda, bergen jauaby tómendegishe órildi.
- Mening biluimshe, Lenin kóshesin auystyrugha halyq kónbedi. Keybir azamattar qalay bolghanda da, Leninning qazaqtargha ýlken kómek kórsetkenin aitady. Mәlimet kózderinde Leninning kezinde qazaqtardyng avtonomiyasyn, qazaqqa tiyisti jerlerin qaytarghandyghy turaly derekter bar. Orystar shekarany Pavlodardyng túz kólderimen ótkizip, Soltýstik Qazaqstannyng qalalaryn Sibirge qaldyrghysy kelgen. Sol kezde Leninning aituymen orystar shekarany jyljytpay, tek Omby, Orynbordy ghana mise tútypty. Ekinshiden, Leninning túsynda qazaqtar qudalanghan joq deydi. Tarihy qújattargha qarasaq, tónkeristen keyin qazaqtar audan, oblys basshylary dәrejesine kóterilip, respublikany basqaryp ketken. Sonda orystar jinalys ashyp, "Búl tónkeris ózimizge kómektesedi desek, az últtargha, sonyng ishinde qazaqtargha kómektesip jatyr. Qazir qazaqtar guberniyany, ýkimetti basqaryp otyr..." dep talaqtary tars airylghan eken. Mine, sondyqtan da jergilikti biylik Leninning qazaq últynyng kóteriluine ýles qosyp, jerin qaytarugha tyrysqandyghyn eskerip, kósheden atyn alyp tastaudy qúp kórmedi. Degenmen Sovet kóshesine Abay atyn, Komsomol danghylyna Shәkәrim, Kuybyshevke Qabanbay batyr esimin, Gorikiy kóshesine B.Momyshúlynyn, Voroshilovke Maghjan Júmabaevtyn, "Miyr" danghylyna Áuezovting atyn berdik. Orystar: "Chem "Mira" pomeshala" dep qanshama ret shulady. Oghan da qaramadyq. Óskemenmen salystyrghanda, Semeyding birtalay kóshesi ózgertildi. Kóshe auystyrugha moratoriy jariyalanghaly beri, birtindep eski ataudan arylyp kelemiz. Orystar birdene dese, "Reseyde de revolusionerlerding atyn alyp tastady ghoy" degendi algha tartamyz. Dzerjinskiy kóshesine Amanovtyng aty berildi. Glinka degen kóshe әli bar. Ol - tek orystyng ghana emes, býkil dýniyejýzining alyp kompozitory. Al Dostoevskiy bizding qalamyzdyng adamy bolyp ketken. Alghash shygharmasyn Semeyde jazyp, mahabbatyn da osynnan tapqan túlgha. Chehov ta beker adam emes. Onyng esimin de kósheden alyp tastaugha bolmaydy dep sheshtik".
Tanghalarlyghy sol, sonau 1917-20 jyldary qylyshynan qan tamghan kenestik uaqytta Semeyding qazirgi "Jana Semey" dep atap jýrgen bóligin Alash qayratkerleri sol kezdegi "Zarechnaya slabodka" atauyn "Alash" dep ózgertip jiberipti. Odan beri qily zamannan ótip, egemendigimizge de qol jetkizdik. Óz biyligimiz ózimizge tiyip, Tәuelsizdik alghanymyzgha 20 jyl tolsa da, Leniyn, Krasiyn, K.Marks, Michurin syndy ataulardy kózding qarashyghynday saqtap keluimizge ne joryq?!
Aytpaqshy, taghy bir ókinish úyalatqan túsy - Alash qalasynda Alash arystaryna arnalghan eskertkish joq. Qazaqtyng mandayaldy ziyalylarynyng maqsat-múraty toghysqan Semeyde Alash kósemderining salghan izin aighaqtaytyn bir belgini bayqamadyq. El Ýkimetining 2008 jyly Alashorda qozghalysynyng 90 jyldyghyn atap ótu turaly qaulysynda Semey qalasynyng ortalyghynan keshendi eskertkish túrghyzu haqynda bastama aitylghan bolatyn. Alayda odan beri ýsh jyl ótse de, eskertkish qoy endi qolgha alynyp jatqangha úqsaydy.

Semey qalasynan keyingi saparymyz Óskemende jalghasty. Qala 1720 jyly úly mәrtebeli I Petr patshalyq qúryp túrghanda qamal-bekinis retinde salynghan. 1868 jyly ghana Óskemenge qala statusy berilipti. Jol-jónekey qonys tepken eldi mekenderding atauy da kózge týrpidey estildi. Eki qalanyng aralyghynda ornalasqan "Tavriya" degen auyldyng ata-babamyz qoyghan "Myrzabel" degen atyn aitpaydy eken múndaghylar. Sonyng saldarynan Tavriyada bir de bir auyl aty tariyhqa say ózgertilmepti. Oktyabrskiy, Krasina, Ahmirova, Samsonovka, Zashita, Prohladnaya, Ablaketka dep kete beretin audan attary әli kýnge qazaqsha atalmaydy. Al kóshelerge kelsek, 600-den asatyn kóshening on-on bes shaqtysynan ghana qazaqy iyis anqidy. Múndaghy jaghday Semey qalasynan da soraqy eken. Atap aitqanda, Entuziastov, Stepan Raziyn, Revolusionnaya, Voroshilova, M.Gorikogo, Bajova, Dobrolubova, Nab.Krasnyh Orlov, Mihaelisa, Solnechnaya, Vinogradova, Lermontova, Ermak, Pribrejnaya, Amurskaya, Klara Setkiyn, Krupskaya, Avrora, Komintern, Komsomoliskiy, Oktyabriskiy, Sovetskiy pereulok Zapadnaya, Lihareva, Novatrova, Jukov, Pravda, Krasnoznamennyi, Krasnodonskiy, Krasnogvardeyskiy, Krasnoflotskiy, Krasnopartizanskiy t.b. kósheler birinen song biri jalghasyp jatyr. Ol ol ma, Óskemende Sentralinyi, Paravoznyy degen kóshe birneshe mәrte qaytalanghan. Al qala túrghyndarynyng "Tәuelsizdik" degen kóshege qol jetkizgenine de songhy eki-ýsh jyldyng jýzi. Onyng ózi qalanyng kartasynda orys tilinde "Nezavisimyi" dep alynypty.
Biz Shyghys Qazaqstan oblystyq Tilderdi damytu basqarmasynyng bólim bastyghy Samarbek Ábishev myrzany sózge tartqanymyzda, qazirgi kezde Óskemende 557 kóshening baryn tilge tiyek ete kele, ýlken kóshe ataularyn qiyndyqpen auystyryp jatqandyqtaryn basa aitty. "Úsaq kóshelerge Áliya Moldaghúlova men Mәnshýk Mәmetovanyn, al ýlken kóshelerge Voroshilov, t.b. attaryn bergen jaghdaylar bolghan. Qazir ýlken kóshening kóbi ózgerdi. Mәselen Abay, Qazaqstan, Múhtar Áuezov danghyly, Respublika alany degen siyaqty talayy týzeldi", - dep qanaghattanghandyq sezimin jetkizdi kónilge qayau salyp.
Negizi jer-su, kóshe ataularyn berudegi zang talaptary boyynsha, kóshege jana atau beru ýshin sol kóshede túrghyndardyng 50 payyzy qarsy bolmauy kerek eken. Osy zang talabynyng dúrys emestigin algha tartqan Samarbek Ábishev: "Qalaly jerge búl tújyrymdama mýldem kelmeydi. Óitkeni qalada túratyn qazaqtar 33 payyz ghana. Eger osy zangha baghynyshty bolsaq, qaladaghy orystardyng barlyghy da óre týregelip shyghady. Bir ýide 80 pәter bolsa, sonyng әri ketse bes-altauy ghana qazaq. Olar ólip ketse de, kelispeydi. Onomastikalyq komissiya soghan qaramastan batyl sheshim qabyldauy kerek", - dep qadap ótti. Ol sonday-aq Shyghys ónirine әkim bop kelgen Berdibek Saparbaev myrzanyng osy maqsatta qolgha alyp jatqan sharualaryna dәn riza ekendigin de jetkizdi. "Aytary joq, Óskemen birtindep bolsa da qazaqylanyp keledi. Búryn kóshedegi jarnamalar, aqparattar orysshadan tikeley audaryla salatyn edi. Qazir әrbir bilbordtan qazaqy iyisting anqyp túrghanyn angharasyz. Qazaqtyng úly danalarynyng ósiyet sózderin kóshe-kóshege ilip, jastardyng boyyna patriottyq ruh seuip jatyr", - deydi Samarbek Ábishev myrza.
Rasynda da, Óskemen qalasynda til mәselesi kýiip túrghan kórinedi. Sәti týsip, Shyghys Qazaqstan, Pavlodar, Qaraghandy oblysynyng qylmystyq atqarushy inspeksiyasy úiymdastyrghan sharagha qatysugha mýmkindik aldym. Bayandama jasaghan mamandardyn, jinalghan qauymnyng kópshiligi derligi ózimizding qazaqtar bolsa da, bәri resmy tilde pikir almasyp jatty. Seminardy ashyp bergen basshydan bastap, lәppaylaghan qarakóz úl-qyzdargha deyin orys tilin tughan ana tilinen joghary qoyghany qynjyltty. Bәlkim, jergilikti biylikting Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysyndaghy Verh-Berezovskiy auylyndaghy qazaq tilinde bilim beretin jalghyz qazaq mektebin arashalap alugha qauqary bolmay jatqany sodan bolar, kim bilsin?!
Búl ónirge әkim bop qazaq tiline janashyr azamat Berdibek Saparbaev barghan kezde júrt bórkin aspangha atarday quanghan. "Búl azamat Shyghys ónirin qazaqylandyratyn boldy ghoy!" desti sonda tilekshi halyq. Alayda Berdibek Saparbaev әkim bolghaly ýsh jylgha ayaq bassa da, qazaq tilining tasy órge domalamay túrghan siyaqty. Taghy da Abay atamsha aitsaq, "bayaghy jartas, sol jartas". Kimge, nege jaltaqtap jýrgenimiz belgisiz.

P.S. Shyghystyng shyrayyn kirgizip túrghan Semey men Óskemen qalasyndaghy memlekettik tilding jay-kýiimen tanysqan bizding únjyrghamyz týsip, salymyz sugha ketkendey kýide qaldyq. Óitpegende she?! Alashtyng tarihynda altyn әrippen jazylghan eki qala da qazaq tiline tayau arada kóshe qoymaytyndyghy kózge úryp túr.
Qalanyng syrtqy kelbetin Ertis ózeni ýstindegi alyp kópirden tamashaladym. Kóz aldymda Alashtyng últ janashyrlarynyng beynesi kólbendey berdi. Shirkin, últy ýshin bastaryn bәigege tikken esil buyn Tәuelsiz elimizding býgingi bet-alysyn kórgende, qanday sezimde bolar edi?! Aynala ýnsiz. Tek mening shaqqan múnymdy Ertis ózeni ghana ýnsiz tyndap, ýnsiz ghana búira tolqynyn jaghagha shygharyp jatty.

11 tamyz, 2011

Dinara MYNJASARQYZY

http://www.turkystan.kz/page.php?page_id=28&id=6474