Qazaq jastaryn shetelderde oqytudy eng birinshi qolgha alghan Túrar Rysqúlov bolatyn. 1920 jyly 21 qantarda Rysqúlov Týrkistan Respublikanyng Ortalyq atqaru komiytetining tóraghasy bolyp saylandy. Atqaru komiytetining tóraghasy retinde Týrkistan Respublikanyng Konstitusiyasyna say berilgen qúqyqtaryn paydalana otyryp, 20 shaqty qazaq jas jigitterin Europada bilim alugha attandyrugha әm oquyn bitirgen song keri qaytarularyna qol jetkizdi. Dәl qazir biz osy Túrar babamyz salghan dәstýrding zandy jalghasy «Bolashaqpen» kimderdi oqytyp jatyrmyz!? 

Jastardy shetelde oqytudyng keri jaghy da barlyghyn eskeruge tiyispiz. Esi bar elder basqa elge oqugha ana tilinde bilim alghan, óz elinde belgili bir salada mamandanghan jasy 29-dan asqan әm ong men solyn tanyghan oghlandaryn ghana syrtqa jer kórip, el tanu ýshin jiberedi. Áytpese 18-25 jastaghy studentter ózge elding soyylyn soghatyn besinshi kolonagha ainalady degen jazylmaghan zang bar. Biz jas memleket bolghan son, osy mәseleni kóbine eskere bermeymiz. 

Bolashaqpen oqyp jatqan qazaq qyzdary jәne shet elde bilim alyp jatqan qyrghyz biykeshteri arasynda dәstýrli emes, jynystyq baghyttaghy búrymdylarymyzdyng barlyghy anyqtala bastady. Olar týrli dengeyde OA LGBT qozghalystargha qatysty maqalalar men zertteulerin aghylshyn tildi BAQ jariyalay bastady. Soltýstik aimaqtan shyqqan Janar Sekerbaevanyng Úlybritaniyanyng Open Democracy atty BAQ-ta Euraziya shegindegi orys jәne qazaq tilderi arasyndaghy ishki «Qosar alan»(Two fields within lost between Russian and Kazakh in the Eurasian borderland) atty maqalasy tayauda jaryq kórdi.

Atalghan aghylshyndyq basylym óz elinde bilim alyp jatqan әm ózin OA erkekshoralar belsendisimin dep sanaytyn Janar Sekerbaevanyng Reseyding OA onyng ishinde Qazaq eline qatysty әli kýnge otarlaushy pozisiya ústanyp otyrghan pash etken maqalasyn «Abai.kz» oqyrmandary nazaryna tәrjimalap úsynyp otyrmyz.

Janar Sekerbaevanyng aghynan jaryluy

Óz basym Ortalyq Aziyadan shyqqan әiel retinde eki mәdeniyettin: orys pen qazaqtyng arasynda sendey soghylysamyn. Maghan qaysysynyng jaqyn әm qasterli ekenin aiqyndap alu óte qiyngha soghyp dal bolamyn. Ózime keler bolsam, oryssha sóileymin, qazaqsha úqqanymmen lәm-im dey almaymyn. Sonda men kimmin?! Belsendimin be, erkekshoramyn ba, әlde ózining doktorlyq dissertasiyasyn jazyp jatqan әielmin be? Mening jeke basymnyng osy tústary ózimdi ýnemi kýmәndanugha úshyratady. Aldymdy keskesteytin eki biregeylikting qaysysyn tandauym kerektigi jolynda túmsyghym tasqa soghylady. Men eki ortada shóre-shórelikpen kýy keshu ýstindemin. Sóilegen, jazghan kezde, adamdarmen aralas-qúralas bolghan shaghymda ózimdi ne jartykesh, ne tolyq tanyta alghan almaghanymdy naqty bile almay qapa bolamyn. 

Mening jekebastyq ómir tәjiriybem әsirese shekaralyq aimaqtarda әli kýnge deyin saqtalynyp otyrghan imperialistik sipattaghy Ortalyq Aziya men Resey arasyndaghy qarym-qatynasqa tikeley baghynyshtylyq Qazaqstandy Reseymen jipsiz baylanystyrghan.  

Osy bir jipsiz baylanu zamanalyq zertteuler men indetulerdi, sonday-aq, 19-shy ghasyrda orystyng imperiyalyq etnograftary týzgen tarihatty (istoriografiya) qarastyrghan shaqta mýldem aiqyn bola týsedi. Olar sol kezdegi “Týrkistan” dep atalghan Reseyding Ortalyq Aziyadaghy otarlaryna sayahattaghan shaqta orys tili men mәdeniyetin taratushy otarlaushylyq prosesti әm týzemdikterding ersi qylyqtarynan aryltyp, órkeniyetti jandargha ainaldyrudyng joldaryn әperbaqandyqpen úghynugha tyrysty.

Zertteushi әiel Marina Mogilner nәsildik artyqshylyq pen kemshindik Reseyding antropologiyalyq dәstýrining óz býrin jaryp, sheshek atqan bóligi bolyp tabylady dep uәjdaydy. Búdan óz otarlary turasynda tap osynday problemany zerdelegen Batys ghalymdary da qúr alaqan qalyp otyrghan joq. Óz basym 18 jәne 19 ghasyrlardaghy orys foliklory, qoghamy әm genderi jayly zerttegen qazaqstandyq ghalymdardyng enbegin kezdestirgen emespin. Qazaq aqyny, ghalym әm qogham qayratkeri Oljas Sýleymenovting enbegi osy bos aqtandaqty tolyqtyrushy әdemi keste ghana. 1975 jyly “Igori jasaghy turaly Sózdi” ózining “Az y Ya” zertteuinde týrki kóshpelilerining әseri tiygen dep payymdaghan shaghynda Sýleymenovti últshyl dep aiyptady.

Orys etnograftary óz enbekterinde halyqtyq ertegilik sujetterdi “imperialandyrumen” ainalysty. Onyng aiqyn mysaly – qartayghan әiel keypindegi zúlmat Jalmauyz Kempir personajy. Olar ony orys folikloryndaghy Baba Yaga núsqasyna ainaldyra saldy. Jalmauyz Kempir – kisi jegish, toghyz basty, balalardy úrlaytyn qúbyjyq. Orys foliklorynda Baba Yaga adam jeytin kәri mystan dep atalady. Ol japadan jalghyz orman ishinde tauyq ayaqty lashyqta túrady. Ýy manyndaghy qorshaulary adam sýieginen túrghyzylghan. Jalmauyz Kempir óz qúrbandyghynyng ne sausaghynyng úshynan, ne tizesinen qan sorady. Al, búl intimdi, tipti kerek deseniz – jynystyq (seksualdyq) akti bolyp sanalady.

Nege osy eki simvoldyng arasyn túmandata pәrenjeleymiz, nege biri ekinshisinen tuyndaghan deymiz? Dәl osylaysha zertteuler jasaushylyq qazaq әm Ortalyq Aziya «tól» mәdeniyetine qatysty payymdaular tininde bayyzdap berik ornyghyp otyr. Býginde reseyge deyingi, kenestik kezenge deyingi otarlaushylyq renkinen ada materialdardy úshyratu qiynnyng qiyny.

Resey zertteushileri 1920-shy jyldardaghy orta aziya qoghamyndaghy auyl-qystaq túrghyndary sauatsyz, hat tanudy qajet etetin, ómirlerindegi basty órkeniyettik jetistigi, mәselen, “ilich shamy” sanalady dep jiktep jilikteuge tyrysty. Qazaq auyldary újymshargha ainaldyrylyp, onyng túrghyndary kenestik jarqyn bolashaq ýshin enbek etti. Kerisinshe, qala men kent túrghyndary orys tilin biluine oray sauatty dep tanylyp, qyzmettik mansaptary ósken ýstine óse týsti. 1955 jyly ómirge kelgen mening anam Qaraghandynyng medisinalyq institutyna (túpnúsqada uniyversiytetine) orys tilindegi emtihandy tapsyrghan kezde emtihan jauaptaryn jattap alghandyghyn әli kýnge jyr etip aityp otyratyndyghyn osy orayda sóz ete ketkendi jón kórdim.

Eger biz basynda sóz qylghan etnograftar dәl qazir Qazaqstangha kelse, eng basynda “jat til” bolyp tabylghan orys tilining búrynghy “ógey ortada” móldir taza kýiinde saqtalynyp qalghanyna airan-asyr tang qalar edi.

Óz basym «Bolashaqtyn» asa mәrtebeli preziydenttik shәkirtaqysymen MMU (MGU) jurfagine 2007 jyly týstim. Mening Reseydi tandap alu sebebim aghylshyn tilin nashar bilgendigimnen emes, qayta postkenestik dәuirdegi eng myqty jurnalisttik mamandyq bere alatyn uniyversiytet bolghandyghynan edi. Onyng ýstine boyymda Resey men Mәskeuge degen inkәr sezim býrshigi bartyn. Ol jerde ózim ýshin Qazaqstandaghy jurfakta oqyghan oqulyq avtorlarymen jýzdesip, istes bolu mýmkindigi tuyndaghantyn. Men orys tilinde balabaqshada, mektepte, uniyversiytette sóiledim. Búl mening ana tilim, men osy tilde óz ólenderimdi shygharyp, akademiyalyq әm kósemsózdik tuyndylarymdy jazamyn.

Elden barghan eshqaysymyz da aldan ne kýtip túrghanyn boljaghan joqpyz. Oqu bastalmas búryn bizdi jeke shaqyryp alyp, qytaylyq studenttermen birge qosymsha emtihan tapsyrasyndar dedi. Biz ýlken bir auditoriyagha kirgen son,  әrqaysymyzgha A4 formatyndaghy aq paraqty ýlestirip, orys tilindegi mәtindi oqy bastady. Emtihan mekteptegidey orys tilinen mazmúndama jazghyzudan túrdy. Biz – qazaqstandyq studentter – resey otarshyldyq rejimining týlekteri orys tili ózderi ýshin shet tili bolyp sanalatyn qytay studentterimen birge emtihan tapsyrugha mәjbýr boldyq. Orys tilinde bilim alghanyma qaramay, Mәskeude onyng manday aldy oqu orynda maghan kýmәn keltirildi. Mening “qosar alanym” janymdy jedi.

Resey ózimen shektesetin shekaralyq elderge qatysty әli kýnge deyin imperiyalyq keudemsoqtyqtan ghylymda ghana emes, qoghamdyq tirlikte de arylghan joq. Ortalyq Aziyanyng LGBT qozghalystaryna qatysushy qazaqstandyq  feministik qozghalystyng jas belsendileri Mәskeu nemese Sankt-Peterburgte ótken maniyfesterde, konfliktiler men nәpsilik shabuyldaulargha úshyrauda. Búdan bólek Ortalyq Aziyanyng LGBT belsendilerin Reseyde ótken LGBTIYK-konferensiya men seminarlarda adam sanatyna qospaydy da... Bir sózben aitqanda, imperiyashyl Resey Qazaqstan men Qyrghyzstandyq orys tildi jergilikti últtan shyqqandardy kózderine de ilmeydi...

Sóz sonynda aitarym, kim bolsang o bol, qansha jerden orys tilining mayyn ishseng de sen Resey ýshin ógeysin!?

Ábil-Serik Áliakbar

Abai.kz