Shvesiya memleketindegi halyq sany 2019 jyly jýrgizilgen sanaq boyynsha 10 151 866 adamgha jetti. Jalpy ishki ónimi adam basyna shaqqanda 54 myng dollardan asady. Kýni býginge deyin shvedterding 8 qalamgeri әdebiyet salasyndaghy Nobeli syilyghyn enshilegen eken. Álemge әigili marapatty iyelenu jaghynan búl el dýniyejýzindegi alghashqy bestikke kiredi. Shvedtterding 32 azamaty týrli sala boyynsha Nobeli syilyghynyng laureattary atandy. Al, әdebiyet salasyndaghy ataghy jer jaryp túrghan marapatqa alghashqy bolyp qol jetkizgen shved qalamgeri - Selima Lagerlef esimdi әiel. Sodan bergi ótken bir ghasyrdan astam uaqyt ishinde, atap aitsaq, 1916 jyly shved aqyny Verner fon Heydenstam, 1931 jyly osy elding taghy bir aqyny Erik Karlfelidt, 1951 jyly biz býgin ómiri men shygharmashylyghyn tilge tiyek etkeli otyrghan Per Lagerkvist, 1966 jyly aqyn Nelly Zaks, 1974 jyly Shvesiyanyng qos qalamgeri Eyvind Yunson men Hariy Martinson, 2011 jyly aqyn Tumas Transtremer әdebiyet salasyndaghy Nobeli syilyghynyng laureaty atandy.

Biz býgin shygharmashylyghyn tilge tiyek etkeli otyrghan Per Lagerkvist Shvesiyanyng eng tanymal jazushysy. Europanyng kóptegen tilderine audarylghan iri suretkerding eng ýzdik dýniyelerin býgingi zaman әdebiyetining klassikalyq tuyndylarynyng qataryna batyl qosa alamyz. Ókinishke qaray, әlemdik әdebiyetting tórinen layyqty ornyn alghan kesek talanttyng shygharmashylyghy qazaq oqyrmandaryna etene tanys emes. Jas jazushy Núrlan Qabdaydyng shved klassiygining ana tilimizge tәrjimalaghan bir әngimesin «Ádebiyet portalynan» oqyghanym bolmasa, Lagerkvisting shygharmashylyghy jóninde jazylghan maqala týgil, bir auyz jyly lebiz bildirgen synshynyng nemese әdebiyettanushynyng pikirin óz basym estigen emespin. Sondyqtan da shvedterding san qyrly talantty suretkeri turaly әngime aityp otyrghan myna bizding Per Lagerkvist tvorchestvosyna taldau jasaugha әreket etip otyrghan alghashqy qazaq bolyp qaluymyz da ghajap emes.

Per Lagerkvist úzaq ómir sýrip, artyna mol múra qaldyrghan tanghajayyp talant. Ol әdebiyetting týrli janrlarynda baghyn synap, jemisti júmys istedi. óleng de jazdy, proza salasynda da ónimdi enbek etti, dramaturgiyanyng damuyna da zor ýles qosty. Jazushy qalamynan tughan dýniyeler suretkerlik sheberligimen, qarapayymdylyghymen, oiynyng úshqyrlyghymen, stiylining janashyldyghymen daralanyp túrady. Lagerkvist shved әdebiyetining kemeldenuine, әsirese, poeziyasyn týrlendiruge eleuli yqpalyn tiygizgen sóz ónerining maytalmany ghana emes, sonymen birge, óz últynyng ústazy, aqyl-oyynyng kemengeri, ýnemi izdenis ýstinde jýrip oqyrmandarynyng dýniyetanymyn bayytyp, mәngilikting besigine qúndaqtalghan ózekti saualdardyng jauabyn izdegen danyshpany da boldy. Tanymy tereng suretker óz tuyndylarynda ómirding mәnisin izdep, filosofiyalyq oilary arqyly adam janynyng shynarauynda jasyrynghan shyndyqtardyng jauabyn tabugha tyrysty.

Lagerkvistting әdebiyet әleminde pir tútqan eki ýlken ústazy boldy, olar - Dostoevskiy men Tolstoy. 1913 jyly onyng Sosial-demokrattar odaghynyng «Algha» jurnalynda Dostoevskiy turaly maqalasy jaryq kórip, ol orystyng úly jazushysynyng shygharmashylyghyndaghy psihologiyalyq sheberlikke erekshe toqtaldy. Dәstýrli din sheshimin tabugha tyrysqan «mәngilik» saualdardyng jauabyn Lagerkvist әdebiyetten izdedi.

Ótken ghasyrdyng otyzynshy jyldarynda fashizmge qarsy shyghyp, ózining «belsendi gumanizm» pozisiyasyn qoldaytynyn mәlimdedi. Sondyqtan da jazushynyng shygharmalaryndaghy keyipkerleri, qoghamdaghy oqighalargha nemqúrayly qaramay, ainalysyndaghy adamdargha kómektesuge úmtylady. Gumanistik iydeyalardyng jalyny jýregin sharpyghan Lagerkvist shygharmashylyghynda qarapayym «kishkentay» adamdardyn, jәbirlegender men japa shekkenderding taghdyryna degen alandaushylyq basym.
Lagerkvist shygharmashylyghynan kubizm, ekspressionizm nemese ekzistensializm siyaqty filosofiyalyq jәne estetikalyq qúbylystardyng belgileri bayqalghanymen, shved klassiygining tuyndylaryn belgili bir baghytqa jatqyzu qiyn. Jazushynyng kórkemdik stiylinde miftik saryn da, simvol da, túspaldap aitu sheberligi de bar. Artyna mol múra qaldyrghan suretker kóp sóilegendi únatpaytyn, syryn syrtqa shashpaytyn túiyq, júrtpen asa qatty aralasa bermeytin kisikiyik adam bolghan. Óz tvorchestvosy turaly aitqandy asa únatpaytyn Lagerkvist «Men óz shygharmashylyghymnyng isine aralaspaymyn» degen eken jurnalisterding súraqtaryna jauap beruden bas tartyp.

Lagerkvist talantynyng eshkimge úqsamaytyn daralyghy «Álemning qonaghy» dep atalatyn tyrnaqaldy tuyndysynan-aq aiqyn kórinis tapty. Shved klassiygining tuyndylaryn zerttegen keybir synshylar búl povestti jazushy shygharmashylyghynyng kilti sanaydy. Biraq Lagerkvistti dauyldy dәuirding qazanynda qaynaghan tyng taqyryptardyng bәri de tolghandyryp, jazushy shygharmashylyghynda údayy jana әuender payda boldy.

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