Keshe memleket basshysy Qasym-Jomart Toqaev Qazaqstan halqyn hәm Qazaqstannyng gharysh salasy qyzmetkerlerin «Gharyshkerler kýnimen» qúttyqtap, ózining «Tvitterdegi» resmy paraqshasynda jazba jariyalady.

«Osydan 60 jyl búryn adamnyng gharyshty iygeru dәuiri bastaldy. Yuriy Gagarinning Bayqonyr gharysh ailaghynan úshuy – әlemdik ghylym damuynyng jarqyn kórinisi. Qazaqstan halyqaralyq baghdarlamalargha, gharysh tehnologiyasyn iygeruge belsendi atsalysa beredi», - dep jazdy preziydent Qasym-Jomart Toqaev.

12 sәuirde KSRO-da «Kosmonavtika kýni» retinde atalyp ótiletin mereke ótti. Adamnyng gharyshqa alghash úshqanyna 60 jyl toldy (1961 jyly 12 sәuirde). Búl kýni «Vostok» zymyran tasyghyshy gharysh kemesin orbitagha alyp úshty. Yuriy Gagarin úshqan zymyrannyng úshuy sәtti ótti. Al ol qonghannan keyin Yuriy Gagarin býkil әlemge әigili boldy. Sol kezde KSRO jәne onyng sosialistik sayasi-ekonomikalyq jýiesi ózining myqtylyghyn dәleldeuge barlyq jaghynan qadam jasady.

Alayda, qazirgi Ilon Masktyng jәne basqa jeke amerikandyq gharyshtyq kompaniyalardyn, sonyng ishinde «SpaceX-tin» jetistikteri «Roskosmosty» qatty alandatyp otyr. Masktyng alghashqy zymyrandary «Falcon 1» (2006 jyly úshyrylghan) jәne ýlken «Falcon 9» (2010 jyly úshyrylghan) mýmkindiginshe ekonomikalyq túrghydan tiyimdiligi eskerilip jasalghan. Ilonnyng maqsaty – bәsekelesterding zymyrandaryna qaraghanda әldeqayda arzan zymyran jasau boldy. Sodan keyin «Falcon Heavy» (2018 jyly) iske qosyldy.  Búl zymyran ózine eng jaqyn degen bәsekelesterine qaraghanda, jýkti orbitagha eki ese artyq kólemde shyghara alady jәne onyng qúny ýsh ese arzan boldy.

Osydan keyin, «SpaceX» «Super Heavy-Starship» jýiesin, odan da jetildirilgen núsqasyn jariyalady. Ol jerdegi qalalar arasynda jyldam tasymaldaudy jәne Ay men Marsta bazalar saludy qamtamasyz etuge arnalghan edi. Sonymen qatar, «SpaceX» kompaniyasy «Dragon» gharysh kemesin jasady. Ol jýkterdi Halyqaralyq gharysh stansiyasyna (HGhS) jetkize alatyn jәne bir mezette jeti gharyshkerdi alyp úsha alatyn boldy.

Resey Ukrainadan Qyrym týbegin tartyp alghanda, AQSh Reseyge qarsy auyr sanksiyalar hәm tyiymdar saldy. Sol tústa Resey ýkimet basshysynyng orynbasary bolghan, beride «Roskosmosty» basqarghan Dmitriy Rogoziyn: «Bizding zymyrandar bolmasa, amerikalyqtar gharyshqa «batutpen» shyghatyn bolady», - degen edi. Biraq arada birneshe jyl ótkende Ilon Mask reseylik Rogozinning aitqanyn ózine eselep qaytardy.

Ilon Mask ózinin «SpaceX» jobasymen gharysh kemesin jәne amerikandyq gharyshkerlerdi 2019 jyly nauryz aiynda avtomatty týrde gharyshqa úshyrdy. Endi AQSh-tyng Últtyq aerogharysh agenttigi NASA Reseyge tәueldilikten qútyldy. Resey osyghan deyin әrbir gharyshkerding úshuy ýshin 80 million dollar súraghan. Al Ilon Mask búl tәueldilikten qútyludyng jolyn oilap tapty jәne Maskting zymyrandaryn kóp mәrte paydalanugha bolady.

Juyrda «SpaceX» pen «Tesla» kompaniyasynyng basshysy Ilon Mask әlemdegi eng bay adam atandy. Onyng baylyghy 185 milliard dollargha baghalanghan. 2019 jyldyng basynda Mask әlemdegi eng bay adamdar tizimning alghashqy 50-ligine kirgen. Onyng dәuletining kýrt ósui  «Tesla» aksiyalarynyng ósuine baylanysty boldy. Kompaniya aksiyalarynyng baghasy toghyz esege kóterildi. Kompaniyanyng baghaly qaghazdary bir aksiya ýshin 799,6 dollargha saudalanady, al kapitaldandyru 757,6 milliard dollardy qúrady.

Búl aqshagha «Ford», «General Motors», «BMW», «Volkswagen», «Fiat», «Chrysler» siyaqty avtokólik kompaniyalaryn satyp alugha bolady. Tipti odan bólek,  «Ferrari» satyp alugha da aqsha qalady eken.

Aqparat kózderine sensek, Mask aqshanyng kóp bóligin Marsta baza qúru ýshin júmsaydy dep josparlapty. Búl shyn mәninde solay bolsa tang qalatyn jayt emes. Osyghan deyin, Maskti AQSh gharyshtyq baghdarlamasynyng auqymdy bolmauy qynjyltsa, sol olqylyqtyng ornyn toltyru ýshin ol «SpaceX» kompaniyasyn qúrdy. Mask әlemdegi eng arzan gharyshtyq zymyrandardy jasau ýshin biznes ashty jәne qazir onyng kompaniyasy jerdegi gharyshtyq zymyrandardyng 60 payyzyn gharyshqa shygharady eken.

Mask sonday-aq, adamzattyng janarmay (múnaydan) otynynan alshaqtauyn tezdetkisi keletini jasyryn emes. Soghan baylanysty ol әlemdegi jetekshi elektromobili óndirushi «Tesla» kompaniyasyn qúrdy.

«Morgan Stanley» investisiyalyq banki ótkende (qazan aiynda) «SpaceX-ti» 100 million dollargha baghalapty. Atalghan kompaniya gharyshqa úshu naryghynda oiyn erejelerin ózgertti. Osylaysha AQSh-tyng gharyshtyq baghdarlamasy jana serpin aldy.

2020 jyly Maskting «Crew Dragon» gharysh kemesi alty gharyshkerdi Halyqaralyq gharysh stansiyasyna úshyrdy. Búl AQSh-taghy «Shattl» baghdarlamasy ayaqtalghan 2011 jyldan bergi alghashqy iri baghdarlama boldy.

Aytpaqshy, Týrkiya da 2023 jyldyng ayaghynda gharyshqa ózderi jasaghan zymyrandaryn úshyrudy josparlap otyr eken. Týrik zymyrany Aygha qonugha mýddeli. 2021 jyldyng 9 aqpanynda Týrkiya preziydenti Rejep Tayyp Erdoghan últtyq gharysh baghdarlamasyn iske qosu kezinde osylay dep mәlimdedi. Onyng sózin «Anadolu» agenttigi jariyalady. «Baghdarlamanyng basty jәne manyzdy missiyasy – Týrkiyanyng jýz jyldyq mereytoyy jylyndaghy Aymen alghashqy baylanysty ornatu», - dedi Erdoghan.

Erdoghan gharysh salasynda jana buyn sputnikter jasauda әlemdik arenadaghy bәsekege týse alatyn brend qúru qajettiligin atap ótti. Ol Týrkiyanyng óz gharysh ailaghyn qúryp, ózin gharysh kenistigine shyghudy qamtamasyz etudi josparlap otyrghanyn basa aitty.

Erdoghan: «Gharyshtyq meteorologiyagha qarjy qúi arqyly elding gharyshtaghy bәsekege qabilettiligin arttyru qajet. Týrkiya astronomiyalyq baqylaulardyng tiyimdiligi men Jerden gharysh obektilerin baqylaudy jaqsartady», - dep sóiledi.

Sonday-aq, Erdoghan Týrkiyada otandyq jәne sheteldik investorlardy tartatyn gharyshtyq tehnologiyalardy damytu aimaghy qúrylatyndyghyn aitty. Ol songhy 18 jylda jer serikteri, gharysh, úshyru jýieleri men gharyshtyq jabdyqtargha qatysty 56 jobagha 2,1 milliard lira (300 million dollar) bólgenin mәlimdedi.

Osylaysha, Týrkiya әlemdi ainalatyn óz sputnikteri bar әlemdegi 30 elding qataryna kirudi josparlapty. Al osy jyldyng qantarynda amerikandyq milliarder Ilon Maskting «SpaceX» kompaniyasy orbitagha «Falcon 9» zymyran tasyghyshymen týrikting «Turksat 5A» baylanys sputniygin alyp úshpaq. Sóitip, Týrkiya ózining tórt serigin gharyshqa úshyrdy.

Qazaqstandy kýlli dýniyejýzine tanytanyn pasporttyq brendining biri – Bayqonyr gharysh ailaghy. Sózsiz, qazirgi tanda Qazaqstannyng aldynda gharysh salasynyng qyzmetin damytu, atalmysh salanyng әlemdik naryghyndaghy óz pozisiyasyn keneytu, jsoparlanghan birqatar jobalalrdy iske asyru sekildi manyzdy mindetter túr. Búl josparlar 2030 jylgha qaray josparlanghany jәne ras. Olardyng birsypyrasy – Elordadaghy  gharyshtyq apparattardy qúrastyru jәne synau kesheni, kosmostyq qashyqtyqtan zondtau jýiesin jetildiru, gharyshtyq monitoringting últtyq jýiesin jasau, jәne jerýsti infraqúrylymy men asa joghary dәldiktegi jerseriktik navigasiya jýiesin jetildiru t.b.

Ayta ketuimiz kerek, Qazaqstan býgingi tanda gharyshtyq tehnologiyalardy otandyq ekonomikagha belsendi týrde ilgeriletude. Onyng bir mysaly – Qazaqstannyng jerden 36 myng qashyqtyqta ornalasqan eki geostasionarlyq jerserigi bar. Olar: KazSat-2 jәne KazSat-3.

Dәl osy eki jerserik qazirgi uaqta otandyq  úyaly baylanys, teledidar jәne internetke qyzmetterin 100% qamtyp otyr.

Gharysh salasynyng sarapshysy Qazbek Qazkenov: «Qazaqstannyng óz gharyshtyq baghdarlamasy, ózining jer serikteri boluy elding qauipsizdigi birinshi orynda túrghanyn aiqyndaydy», - deydi. Ol ýshin mýmkindik te joq emes. Osy rette aita keterligi, Qazaqstanda Bayqonyr gharysh ailaghynyng boluy bizge qosymsha artyqshylyq beredi. Sondyqtan, Qazaqstannyng OA-daghy gharysh salasynyng kóshbasshysyna ainalu potensialy joghary ekeni anyq.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov,

Qazaq-Orys halyqaralyq uniyversiytetining dosenti, tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty

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