Jonghar shapqynshylyghy qazaq halqyna qay tústan bastalghan?! Biz mektep qabyrghasynda oqyp jýrgende, tarihta jonghar dep atalghan qalmaqtar Alataudyng shetki silemderi arasynan oryn tepken, keyinnen әigili «Jonghar qaqpasy» atalyp ketken tústan beri ótip (Alakólding sol jaq jaghalauynan ary birshama jer), kóktemgi alasapyran kezinde qazaqtargha oilamaghan tústan shabuyl bastaghan dep oqitynbyz. Sol úghym sanamyzda berik qalyptasty.

Degenmen, osy naqtylanghan pikirge qarama - qayshy oy -  kezinde  gazet tapsyrmasymen Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysynyn  Ýrjar audanyndaghy Baqty kedeninde bolghanymda kelgeni bar. Sodan beri on tórt jyl ótipti. Audan ortalyghynan mingen taksiymen úzaq jolda kele jatyp, kólik jýrgizushisimen әngime dýken qúryp otyrdyq.

Jolda Emil ózeninen ótip, Baqty auylyna jaqyndap qalghanda, jýrgizushim: - Estigen bolarsyz, janaghy ótken Emil ózenine jaqyn aralyqta búrynghy Jonghar – Qalmaq handyghynyng ortalyghy bolghan qalashyq bar, - dep әngimeni qozdata týsti. - Osy ólkening túrghyndary búl qalashyqty jaqsy biledi, - dep qosyp qoydy. Qasymda otyrghan jýrgizushining aitqandary meni qatty qyzyqtyrdy. – Osy aradan alyspa?, - dedim oghan qarap. Jýrgizushi kezinde sol jerde bolghanyn jәne kórip qaytqanyn aitty. – Búl jerden kóp alys emes. Shamamen, on tórt – on bes shaqyrymday-au, - dedi. Áriyne, tughan elimizding tarihynyng qyr-syryn tereng bilu men ýshin óte qyzyqty bolatyn. Qalam ústaghan adam bolghan son, atamekenimizding qúpiya syryna, júmbaghyna yntyzar keletinimiz shyndyq emes pe?! – Qosymsha aqsha tóleyin, qaytar jolda soghan sogha ketsek qaytedi?, - degenime jýrgizushi kelise ketti. Birazdan keyin, taghy sol jýrgizushim Barlyq tauymen Jalanashkólding aralyghyna ornalasqan Shynghys han sayyn bilesiz be?, - degeni. – Búryndar estuim bar, - dedim oghan jauap qaytaryp. - Shynghys han Qytaydy shabugha bara jatyp, sol arada qalyng әskerimen bir týnep, ary asqan kórinedi. – IYә, búl shyndyq, - dedim qasymdaghy әliginde jýrgizushige.

Kedenge barghan son, ózime kerekti derekterdi jinap alyp, shapshandatyp keri qayttyq. Baghytymyz Jonghar – Qalmaq memleketining ortalyghy bolghan kóne júrt. «Qala bolghanda qazirgidey shahar emes, tek ózderining jinalatyn, hural (qúryltay) ótkizetin ortalyq ispettes qalashyq bolar», dep oiladym.  Birneshe qyrdy asyp, әupirimdep, sharshap–shaldyghyp, sonau bir ghasyrlarda Jonghar handyghynyng ortalyghy bolghan aragha da keldik. Kólikti toqtatyp, dalagha shyqtyq. – Osydan ary taghy biraz jýrsek, ataqty Bashpaydyng kópirin de kóruge bolady, - dedi Amandyq.

Amandyq ekeumiz biraz jayau jýrip, búrynghy  Jonghar- Qalmaq  handyghynyng ortalyghy bolghan aragha da jettik. Kishkene tóbeshik – tóbeshik bolyp qalghan eske tamdar, jer oshaqtar, ainalada shashylghan kýl, keybir jerden nayza men sadaqtyng synyqtaryn, jebelerding úshtaryn kórdik. Aralap biraz jýrdik. Synghan tostaghan, kótek arbanyng donghalaghynyng temir beldikterin ajyratyp bayqadyq. Kóbi shirip ketken. Sondyqtan eshtene almadyq. Kóne shahardyng ornyn aralap biraz jýrdik. Jalpy, shahardyng úzyndyghy 600 qadaqtay bolady eken. Kóldeneni  de biraz jer. Osy arada qalmaq qontayshylary elding ishki – syrtqy sayasaty jóninde talay kenes ótkizgeni belgili. Kóne júrtty aralap jýrip, oigha ne kelip, ne ketpedi deysin?! Osydan ýsh – tórt ghasyr búryn osy arada qalmaq shonjarlary aq kiyizding ýstinde maldas qúryp otyryp, talay kenes qúrdy degenge kónil senbeytin de sekildi. Biraq, tarihty suyrtpaqtasaq solay bolyp shyghady. Osy shaharda jonghar handary men biyleri, bahadýrleri góy – góy әngime aityp, kórshilerin, sonyng ishinde qazaq elin qalay jaulap alu kerektigi jóninde josparlar qúrdy-au...

Kezinde Shynghys hannyng Qytaydy shabugha bara jatqanda, osy jonghar handyghynda bolghany tarihy enbekterde, tipti, kinolarda da bar. Soghan qaraghanda úly han monghol aumaghynan emes, osy Qazaqstan jerinen shyqqan-au. Búl pikir orys jәne europa ghalymdarynyng zertteu enbekterin ýnilip oqysang naqty jazylghan.

Qalay desekte, Tarbaghatay jonghar – qalmaqtardyng qoyghan aty. Emil sózi de – oirat tilinde «jayqyn su» degen maghynany bildiredi eken. Sol bir ghasyrlarda suy mol, kóktem kezinde jaghasynan asyp, jayylyp ketip otyrghan bolar,  dep topshyladym. Orys pen Qytaydyng shekarasy týskenshe búl alqabty jongharlardyng meken etkeni belgili.

Shved ofiyseri óz jazbalarynda Jonghar elining kartasyn jasaghan eken. «Jonghar Alatauy, Balqashqa qúyatyn Ile ózenining eki qaptaly, Altynemel men Qoylyq aralyghy, Sarqan óniri (qalmaq batyrynyng aty), Kegenning (qalmaq biyining aty) soltýstik jaghalauy men Shonjy dalasy, Sharynnyng shyghysyna qaray Ketpen taularynyng soltýstik betkeyleri, Qaskelen, Boralday óniri, qazirgi qyrghyz jerindegi Ýlken Kemik alqaby, Týp jaghalaulary, Ystyqkólding ontýstik jaghalauy, sonday-aq Tarbaghatay alqaby, Emil ózenining atyraby, Zaysan kólining manayy, Gýrshim dalasy (qazaqtar Kýrshim dep ataydy),  Shәueshek (qalmaqtyng «tostaghan» degen sózi) jәne Ýrimshi ólkesi – jongharlardyng kóneden meken etken atamekeni», - dep jazypty.

Sonda deymin-au, qalmaqtar qazaq eline qay tústan shapqynshylyq  bastaghan?! Biz sony tolyq dәleldey almay jýrmiz. Jonghar qaqpasynan beri ótip, soghys jýrgizdi deyin desek, ortalyq qalasy Ýrjar audanynyng Emil ózenining boyynda jatyr?

Taghy bir aitarym, jonghar tilindegi ataulardy, mýmkindik bolsa aldaghy uaqytta qazaq tilindegi sózdermen almastyrsaq bolar edi dep oilaymyn.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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