Kirey!

Ou tauynan asqan kósh Sakata dalasyna jetti. Deva men Asahy taularynyng ar jaghyndaghy aghayyndar da bótendik tanytpady. Arqadan at aryltyp kelgen song qúshaq jayyp qarsy aldy. Búl jerding tau-tasy, qúzy men shyny bәri - kirey! Yaghny taza, súlu, minsiz degen sóz. Jaylauda Shyghys shejiresin shertisken qariyalar kireyge qatysty koukureyding keshegisine de kóz jýgirtti. Kýnshyghys elining tilinde súlu, minsiz bolmysty kirey dese, qos tanbanyng biri - rey jeke túrghanda uruvashiy dep aitylyp, ghajap súlu maghynasyn beyneleydi. Ghajap súlu hәm kýrdeli tanba Shyghystaghy bir halyq Koreyanyng kóne atauyna arqau bolghan desedi aqsaqaldar. Ejelgi japon shejirelik kitaptarynda ýsh tanbaly koukurey etnoniymi korey últynyng atauyn anyqtaydy. Keybir enbekterde koukury dep te kórsetilgen. Rey tanbaly últ Koguryo, Silla, Pekche órkeniyetterining basynda túr. Koukurey atauyn japonnyng kóne tarihy kitaptarynan ghana kezdestiremiz. Býginde Koreyany Chousen dep ataydy. Soltýstik Koreya halqy da ózderin Koukurey deuden qalyp, resmy týrde Chonsong deydi. Al Ou tauynan asqan kóshti qarsy alghan aimaq airyqsha kirey! Anyzdary airyqsha, ertegileri erekshe.

Han dәstýrin saqtaghan el

Kirey!

Ou tauynan asqan kósh Sakata dalasyna jetti. Deva men Asahy taularynyng ar jaghyndaghy aghayyndar da bótendik tanytpady. Arqadan at aryltyp kelgen song qúshaq jayyp qarsy aldy. Búl jerding tau-tasy, qúzy men shyny bәri - kirey! Yaghny taza, súlu, minsiz degen sóz. Jaylauda Shyghys shejiresin shertisken qariyalar kireyge qatysty koukureyding keshegisine de kóz jýgirtti. Kýnshyghys elining tilinde súlu, minsiz bolmysty kirey dese, qos tanbanyng biri - rey jeke túrghanda uruvashiy dep aitylyp, ghajap súlu maghynasyn beyneleydi. Ghajap súlu hәm kýrdeli tanba Shyghystaghy bir halyq Koreyanyng kóne atauyna arqau bolghan desedi aqsaqaldar. Ejelgi japon shejirelik kitaptarynda ýsh tanbaly koukurey etnoniymi korey últynyng atauyn anyqtaydy. Keybir enbekterde koukury dep te kórsetilgen. Rey tanbaly últ Koguryo, Silla, Pekche órkeniyetterining basynda túr. Koukurey atauyn japonnyng kóne tarihy kitaptarynan ghana kezdestiremiz. Býginde Koreyany Chousen dep ataydy. Soltýstik Koreya halqy da ózderin Koukurey deuden qalyp, resmy týrde Chonsong deydi. Al Ou tauynan asqan kóshti qarsy alghan aimaq airyqsha kirey! Anyzdary airyqsha, ertegileri erekshe.

Han dәstýrin saqtaghan el

«Úly qahan! Sender ol turaly ne bilesinder? Jazu, syzularyng joq. Bolghan. Qúrtyp jiberdinder. Ony babamnan kóresinder. Joq, búl kisi tanghajayyp júmbaq adam. Sondyqtan da ol turaly 700 jyl ótirik aityldy, endi jeti jýz jyl ótirik aitylady. Naghyz shyndyqty men aitamyn, sen tynda...».

Oralhan Bókey. «Múztau».

Japoniyada Tokugava Ýkimetining biyligi ayaqtalghansha, yaghny 1868 jylgha deyin Bakuhan dep atalatyn sayasy jýie ýstemdik etken. Bakuhannyng әkimshilik birligi han dep atalghan. Býgingi prefekturalar Tokugava biyligi kezinde bakuhangha baghynyp, әr aimaq jeke han retinde basqarylghan. Handy (handyqty) daymyohan biylegen. Han kezindegi salt-dәstýr, til jәne geogra­fiya­lyq erekshelikter býginge deyin saqtalyp otyr. Daymyohan lauazymyna kórnekti samuray taghayyn­dalghan. Bushido (samuray joly) filosofiyalyq-әs­kery instituty hanmen birge ejelgi dәuirde shyq­qan. Osydan myng jyl búrynghy Kamakura dәuirin­degi kóne enbekterinde bushy men daymyo turaly mәlimetter bar. Keyin Minamotono Yoritomo shyogun daymyo hannyn arasynan shugo dep atalatyn әskery gubernatorlar men dzito degen jer basqarmasynyng basshysyn taghayyndaghan. Muromachy dәuirinde Hosokava, Uesugi, Takeda, Yamana, Shimodzu, Asai, Mori, Honda siyaqty han iyeler elding qorghanys kýshin nyghaytqan. 1868 jyly Tokugava shyogunaty taraghangha deyin 270 daymyohan bolghan. Tokugava Yoshimunening (1706-1745) kezinde әr daymyohanda 130 samuraydan bólek 300-ge juyq qyzmetshi bolghan. Al imperator sarayynyng kýzetshisin hanpey dep ataghan. 1861 jyly daymyohan samuraylary basyp kirgen Úlybritaniya әskerin talqandaghan.

1333 jylgha deyin ýstemdik etken Kamakura shyogunynyng basynda túrghan Minamotono Yoritomo el tarihyndaghy úly qolbasshylardyng biri. Minamotono Yoritomo - shyogunat basqaru jýiesin qúrghan alghashqy әskerbasy. Myng jyl búrynghy qolbasshynyng biri Minamotono Yoshisunening ómirbayany «Heyke monogatari» eposynda bayandalghan. Áskery erlik jyrlary gunkiy de Minamotonyng kezinde tughan. Sonday erlik dastannyng biri «Gikeyki» Yoshisunening erlikterin jyrlaydy.

Han dәuirindegi dәstýr-saltty saqtap otyrghan Yamagata prefekturasynyng Yamanobe (tau jiyegi) qalasy da kirey! Búl shahar әlemdegi ghalamat kilem­derimen jәne toqyma óndirisimen belgili. Muromachy dәuirining túnghysh shyoguny Ashikaga Takaidjy alpys alty handyqqa Ankokudjy ghibadat sarayyn saldyrghan bolatyn. Sonyng biri Yamanobe shaharynda túr.

Bir bóligin Yamagata prefekturasy alyp jatqan Touhoku aimaghy tarihtaghy úly túlghalardy dýniyege әkelgen ólke. Japon arhiytekturasy men zergerlik óneri, ústalyq kәsipting arghy atasy turaly anyz miy­folo­giyalyq sujettermen órilgen. Búnday anyzdar realistik suretteulermen qatar, mifologiyalyq motivterding biriguinen tughan.

Jyl sayyn qazannyng alghashqy jeksenbisinde Tamamushinumanyng jaghasynda el Djiyngiskanmasury merekesin toylaugha jinalady. Búl sonau erte zamanda Ou tauynan asyp kelgen ata-babasynan beri toylanyp kele jatqan airyqsha ghúryptyq dәstýr. Júrt Tamamushinumanyng jaghasynda qoy soyyp, etin qaqtap, kókónis aralastyryp, Djiyngiskan tamaghyn jasaydy. Búl taghamnan kópshilik týgel auyz tiyedi. Japoniyanyng soltýstigindegi Hokkaydoda osyghan úqsas Shiyngiskan degen tagham bar. Kóne Koukurey (Koreya) men Manchjuriya túrghyndaryna da búl tagham belgili.

Prefekturanyng ortalyghy Yamagata qalasyndaghy Mamigasakagava ózeni boyynda da qazan asylady. Halyq ejelgi han dәstýrine say ýlken qazangha 30,000 adam auyz tiyetindey etip tamaq asady. Tamyzdyng ayaghynda ótetin Nihondayimonikay dep atalatyn búl merekege salmaghy 3,2 tonna, terendigi 1,6 metr, dia­metri 6 metr bolatyn qazan paydalanylady. Merekening atauy batat (kartoptyng týri) asu degen maghyna beredi. Qazangha bir tonna et, 3,500 kesek konnyaku (kókónisten jasalatyn jele), 700 litr soya sousy, 63 litr sake, 200 kilogramm qúmsheker salynyp qaynatylady.

Han dәuirinen jetken últtyq taghamnyng biri kespe bolsa, Yamagata kespesi manseyan dep atalady. Shynghyshannyng tauy haqynda aitylatyn anyz da, shertiletin shejire de az emes.

Sarayda aqyn da bar, batyr da bar

«Ór Altay qazir iyen. Jogharyda deng ghana bar».

Asqar Altay. «Altay balladasy».

Alghashqy japon shyoguny Minamotono Yoritomonyng úly Minamotono Sanetomo 12 jasynda shyogun bol­ghan.

Bir kýnde on eki abaq tómen jýrgen,

Malyna berekeli Qyzyr kirgen.

Búl kerey on eki auyl auyp kelgen

«Torghayty, toqsan ózen», -

degen jerden dep, Abaq Kerey shejiresin shertken zaman búl. Minamotono Yoritomo sol 12 jasynda - aq aqyndyghymen tanylghan. Kioto aqyndary onyng kirey ólenderin joghary baghalaghan. Shyogunnyng shygharma­shy­lyq jolda ósuine kóne dәuirlik «Shinkokinvakasu» poeziya kitaby әser etken. Al «Manyosu» antologiyasyn oghan aqyn, ghalym, poeziya teoriyasy men estetikasy turaly syny enbekter jazghan synshy әri dramaturg Fudzivarano Teyka (Sadane) syigha tartqan desedi. Minamotono Yoritomonyng jeke jyr jinaghy «Kinkayvakasu» dep atalady. Minamotono Yoritomo da, Fudzivarano Sadane de saraydaghy bedeldi túlghalar bolghan. Imperatorlar men shyogun sarayy taudyng basynda bolsyn, eteginde bolsyn, den dep atalghan. Den tanbasynyng búdan bólek tono, ten, dono, shingary degen oqylu variant­tary bar. Qazaq tilinde beket maghynasynda ghana qalghan den Altay tarihy ýshin airyqsha tanba bolyp tabylady. Japon tilining basqa Shyghys tilderinen basty aiyrmashylyghy - әr tanba sanaluan dybystalu variantyna iye. Sonday-aq, dybystaluy birdey bolghanmen, jazyluy әr basqa iyeroglifter bar. Mәselen, nay 16 tanbamen berilse, man 22 tanbamen beynelenedi. Kemeline kelu, tolyq degen maghynadaghy man men on myn, óte kóp, mol degen mәndi beyneleytin man bir bólek.

Jeti aral, jerim-ay!

Honsuding soltýstik-shyghysyndaghy tauly ólke Yamagata (tau, pishin, bolmys) dep atalsa, batysyndaghy prefektura atauy da taugha qatysty. Shimane, Hiroshima prefekturalarymen shektesip jatqan Yamaguchy prefekturasy tau auzy degen maghynadaghy qos tanbamen jazylady. Búnda jana qalalardan góri kóne auyldar kórinisi basym. Yamaguchy - han dәuirindegi úly qolbasshylardyng Otany. Ouchy әuleti biylep túrghan zamanda, toghyz jýz jyl búryn Yamaguchy Batys Ja­po­niya­nyng ortalyq ólkesi bolghan. Yamaguchy bekinis sarayyna kileng iygi jaqsylar jinalyp, kenes qúrghan. Mory әuleti biylikke kelgen kezde Batys Honsuding әskerin basqarghan qolbasshylar Yamaguchiyge orda tikti. Tokugava Yeyasu zamanynda Yamaguchy Chyoshu ólkesi retinde tanyldy. Han dәuirinde Yamaguchy aimaghy Ito Hirobumi, Inoue Kafu, Kida Takayoshy siyaqty ataqty samuraylardyng tughan jeri. Kýnshyghystyng tarihy shaharlary Yamaguchy men Hagy de osy aimaqta ornalas­qan. «Jetiaral, jerim-ay!» dep, tughan ólkening súluly­ghyn jyrlaghan aqyndardyng mekeni búl. Túp-tura jeti aralgha salynghan kóne Hagy qalasynda saqtalghan osy aimaqtyng anyzdary ayryqsha kirey!

Yamaguchiyding Akiyoshiday últtyq baghynyng auma­ghyndaghy ýngirler de bir-bir júmbaqty jasyryp túrghanday. Yamaguchiyding Yuda, Yumoto aimaqtary ystyq qaynarlarymen tanymal. Yamaguchy shahary, Ube, Tokuyama, Ivakuni, Hofu qalalarynyng da tarihy kóne dәuirden bastau alady.

Asqar taudyng aqyny

Djikaku Tayshy saldyrghan Yamadera ghibadat sarayy Yamagatadaghy kóne ghimarattardyng biri. Japon jyry - haykudyng atasy, Shyghys poeziyasyndaghy kór­nekti tarihy túlgha Masuo Bashyo Yamagatany úzaq aralaghan. Yamaderagha arnap:

Shidzukasaya

Ivanishimiiru

Seminokoe -

degen jyr joldaryn jazghan. Haykude Yamadera manyn­daghy tynyshtyq pen jartas quysynan estiletin semy jәndigining dybysy surettelgen. Mәngilik alauy lapyldaghan Yamaderada Bashyo aqynnyng múrajayy bar. Tau tabighatyn ólenmen órnektegen aqyn Touhoku aimaghyn jeti kýn aralaghanda Yamagatanyng Yousendjy degen jerine de týnegen.

Sudzushisao

Vagayadonishite

Nemarunariy

Ómir boyy dýnie qumay, Kýnshyghystyng әr aimaghyn aralap shyqqan, Dzen jolymen jýrip ótip, hayku poeziyasyn qalyptastyrghan Masuo Bashyo tau samalymen tynystap, suyq taudy panalaghan. Aqynnyng eskertkishi Natagiritouge asuynda da túr.

Masuo Bashyo Yamagatagha kirerde Miyagy prefekturasyna jaqyn mandaghy Houdjinnoie degen jerge toqtaghan. Anyzdarda aitylatyn Devanyng ýsh tauy, Deva júrty, Deva handyghy degen ataular osy ólkemen baylanysty. Rulardyng tarihyna qatysty anyzdarmen qosa, tarihy jazbalar qúramynda saqtalghan tam-túm mәlimetterding de úly elding ótkenin anyqtauda manyzy zor.

Búnda kezinde el basqarghan Aridjy әuletining reziydensiyasy bolghan. Býginde Houdjinnoie dep atala­tyn búl saraydyng atqorasyn da Bashyo jyrgha qosqan. Búndaghy múrajayda Bashyo zamanynan jetken jәdigerler, at әbzelderi saqtalghan.

Nomishiramiy                  Biyt-sirke

Umanoshitosuru             At shaptyryp túr

Makurmoto                    Jastyghymnyng týbinde -

degen әigili haykudi aqyn atqoraly Houdjinoiege týnegende jazghan desedi.

Yamadera ghibadathanasynda eskertkishi túrghan úly aqyn Devanyng ýsh tauyna da týnep, әuliyeli oryn­dargha tәu etken. Touhoku aimaghyndaghy Deva taularynda ystyq qaynar bar. Anyzdarda osy qaynargha tylsym kýsh iyelik etetindigi turaly aitylady. Yamagatadaghy Asahimura auylynda Yudonosan degen tau bar.

Katararenu

Yudononinurasu

Tamotokana -

degen hayku Yudonosan tauyn kóz aldygha әkeledi. Taudan aqqan Bondjigava boyynda da Bashyo aqynnyng izi qalghan. Deva taularynyng baurayynda Hiratamachy shahary boy týzese, on eki auylgha anyz bop taraghan on eki sarqyrama Djunitaky da osynda. Hiratamachiyde kelinshekter basyna hankotanna degen oramaldy baylaydy. Tau halqynyng jeke saltynyng bar ekenin osynday erekshelikterden kóruge bolady.

Japon poeziyasyndaghy vaka janrynda kóptegen ólender jazghan, Yamagata aimaghyna airyqsha sýiis­penshilikpen qaraghan, taularyna tabynyp ótken ataqty aqyn Saytou Mokichy - Kaminoyamashy shaharynda dý­niyege kelgen. Tughan jer tabighatyn, tau shynynday asqaq ta biyik ruhta jyrlaghan qalam iyesi Yamagatadan shyqqan ardaqty úldardyng biri. Óristi óleng iyesine arnalghan múrajay Dzao tauynyng bókterinde boy kóterdi. Tau úlynyng mәngi mekeni de tau bolmaq. Japon tanymynda Pir atauly taudy mekendeydi, óitkeni, eng taza meken ol. Keybir әuliyeli taulargha adam ayaghyn basugha keshege deyin rúqsat etilmedi. Mәselen, Misen tauy, Koyasan tauy, Omine tauy, t.b. qasiyetti Omine tauyna býginde әielderding baruyna bolmaydy. Tau - Úlylyqtyng simvoly, eng biyik ólshemder taugha ghana tәn. Asqar, shyn, asqaq úghymdary taugha qatysty bolsa kerek. Ózender de taudan bastau alady. Tipti biyikten qúlay aqqan sarqyramalar da taugha ghana sәn bolghan. Japoniyadaghy 2488 sarqyramanyng eng kóbi Yamagata taularynda. Búnda 230 sarqyrama bar. Eng biyigi Todzava auylyndaghy 12 metrlik Shiroitonotakiy (Aq jip sarqyramasy) bolsa, Akatakiy (Qyzyl sarqyrama) 90 metr, Yonedzava shaharyndaghy «Qara sarqyrama» - Kurotakiyding biyiktigi - 80 metr. Sar­qyrama sany jóninen Yamagatadan keyin Niigata prefekturasynda 204 sarqyrama, Vakayamada 99 sarqyrama bar.

Kýnshyghys jerindegi auasy óte túnyq mekenning biri - Yamagatadaghy Asahy shahary. Búnda dýniyejýzindegi jalghyz «Áue ghibadathanasy» Kuukidjindjya qalyqtap túr. Japoniyanyng jemis-jiydek patshalyghy da Yamagata. Tasu shatqalynda akebiya, sarunashy tәrizdi jemistermen qosa, tau jýzimi, almúrt ósedi. Al shie - Yamagatanyng simvoly. Jyl sayyn jinalatyn 11,500 tonna shie tau halqynyng baylyghy, yrysy men berekesi. Bal tatyghan almúrttardyng basym bóligi de Yamagatada ósedi. Almúrttyng 38 payyzy Yamagatada, 19,5 payyzy Aomoriyde, 11,6 payyzy Akita prefekturasynda ósedi.

Japon dәstýrli ayaq kiyimi dzouriy (qamys, saban, bambuk qabyghynan jasalatyn sandali) men geta (aghashtan jasalatyn ayaq kiyim) de ertede Yamagatada shyqqan.

Japon shahmaty shyougy patshalar men samuraylar oiyny bolsa, Yamagatadaghy Tendoushy shahary osy oiynnyng Otany bolyp tabylady. Shyougy tasynyng 90 payyz óndirisi Yamagatagha tiyesili. Tendoushy shaharynda shyougy múrajayy ornalasqan. Tarihy úly qolbasshy Toyotomy Hideyoshy men onyng úly Toyotomy Hidesuguden bastalatyn «Ningenshyougi» (Adam shahmat) merekesi Maydzurukouen baghynda ótedi. Búl merekening mәni ala taqtagha ornalasqan samuraylar shyougy shah­mat tasy róline enip oinauynda. Yamagatadaghy Higashine shaharynyng bastauysh mektebi aldynda tamyr jayghanyna 1000 jyldan astam uaqyt ótken eng ýlken keyakiy (dzelikva) aghashy ósip túr. Keyakiyding úzyndyghy - 28 metr, diametri - 24 metr. Aghashtyng ishi quys. Ertede jolaushylap jýrgen samuraylar osy aghashqa týnegen degen anyzdar da saqtalghan. Qasiyetti keyaky 1957 jyly erekshe manyzy bar tabighy eskert­kishter tizimine alyndy. Osy alyp aghashqa әielder de medet tilep keledi eken.

Ooishida tarih jәne foliklor múrajayynda daryndy tau úldarynyng haykuleri men vaka qol­jazbalary, aimaqqa qatysty jәdigerler jinalghan. Búl jay ghana múrajay emes, әdebiyet jәne óner ýii retinde belgili.

Úly taudyng aituly túlghalarynyng biri Mokichy aqyn bolsa, Nidjigaokakouen (Kempirqosaq tóbesining baghy) degen baqta eskertkish túr. Eskertkishke Mo­kichiyding «Nidjinodanpen» (Kempirqosaq ýzigi) dep atalatyn poemasy qashalghan. Ooishida qalasyndaghy búl tóbening týbinen Mogamy ózeni aghyp jatyr. Asqaq Hayama men tәkappar Gassan taulary qashanda biyik qalpynda. Gassan talay aqynnyng poeziya besigi, suret­kerding muzasy bolghan әigili tau.

Yamagatanyng Obanadzava shahary haykudyng qalasy, Masuo Bashyo aqynnyng kórkem órnekti ólenderi ómirge kelgen bir shahar. Osy shaghyn qalada Yamagata aimaghy­nyng eng úly merekesi Hanagasa odoriy degen foliklor festivali ótkiziledi.

Yamagata prefekturasynyng Okitama aimaghyndaghy Yonedzava qalasy tarihtaghy orasan erlik isterding kuәsi bolghan jer. Kórnekti samuraylar men danqty shyogunderding tughan ólkesi búl. Date, Uesugy әulet­terining әu basta ordaly mekeni bolghan ólke osy Uesugy Kenshin ruhyna baghyshtalghan ghúryptar. Kóktem sayyn ótetin Yonedzava Minyounagashy foliklor merekesi shahardyng ótkenin kóz aldygha әkeledi. Erte zamanda mamyrdyng 2 júldyzyndaghy orasan shayqas Buteyshiky kórinisi arqyly beynelense, 3 mamyrda Mogamigava ózeni boyyndaghy tarihta Kavanakadjimagassen degen atpen qalghan soghys ta erjýrek erlerdi el esinde qaldyrdy.

On myng jyl búryn salynghan Takahata shaharynda da alyp túlghalar dýniyege kelgen. Kóptegen tarihy jerlerimen tanymal búl shaharda Hamada Hirosuke degen balalar jazushysy tughan. Anyzgha arqau bolghan Hinatadoukusu ýngirinde 10000 jyldyq tarih jasyruly. Japonnyng Gans Hristian Anderseni degen atqa ie bolghan әigili jazushy balalargha arnap mynnan astam shygharma jazghan.

Danalyq ruhy daryghan ólke

Japon foliklorynda Danalyqtyng ýsh Piri Kýn­shyghystyng ýsh shaharyna arnalypty. Biri - ejelgi astana, imperatorlar qalasy Kiotogha, ekinshisi - qa­siyet­­ti elikter mekeni úly Budda shahary, Shyotoku­tayshiyding múrasy qalghan kóne astana - Nara qalasy. Danalyqtyng ýshinshi Piri - Kameokamondju - Kameoka Bodhisatva Yamagatadaghy Tayseydjy ghibadathanasyna túraqtapty.

Kavanishy shaharynda «Arystan biyi» de kóneden kele jatqan mereke. Osy qalada ataqty jazushy Ynoue Hisashy tughan. Chihisudoubunko әdebiyet ýii jazushygha arnalghan. Chihisudou - jazushynyng laqap esimi.

Nagay qalasynyng ontýstik-batysynda Okitamanyng batys jaghalauynda Iyde shahary ornalasqan. Ontýs­tigin Iyde taulary qorshap túrghan, bastau-búlaqtargha bay shahar búl. Ózen suy Shirakavagha qúyady, Nagaydaghy Mogamigavagha qaray aghuda. Iydesan (Oguny qalasynda) Yudza qalasyndaghy Chyoukaysannan keyingi biyik tau. Birneshe shaqyrymgha sozylyp jatqan Akashibe - Yamagatadaghy tarihy shatqaldardyng biri.

Yamagata qúramyna kiretin Touhoku aimaghynda ang men anshy turaly anyzdar óte kóp. Bayaghyda tauly auylda bir salaq әiel bolypty. Balasynyng qúiryghyn sýrtuge de erinedi eken. Esik aldyndaghy kýshikke «Mә, qúiryghyn jala. Boyjetkende saghan beremin» deydi eken. Sóitip, it balanyng qúiryghyn jalap jýredi. Bala ósip, súlu qyz bolady. Tekti әuletke úzatylady. Kishkentay kezinde qúiryghyn jalaghan kýshik dәu it bolady. Úzatylghan qyzdyng etegin tistelep, artynan qalmapty deydi.

Ýilenu toyy bolatyn kýni qalyndyq pen it ghayyp bolady. Taudyng tereng qoynauynda qyz ben it qosylypty. It taudaghy elding bau-baqshasyna baryp, pisken ónimderdi tistep әkelip әielin asyrapty. Keyde qús pen úsaq andardy da aulaydy eken. Birde anshy taudan qyzdy kórip qalady. Súlulyghyna ghashyq bop, әiel ghyp alghysy keledi. Biraq tayynshaday it qyzdyng qasynan bir eli qalmaydy eken. Anshy andyp jýrip, it taudaghy baqshagha bara jatqanda myltyqpen atyp tastaydy. Qyz kýieui keshikken sayyn mazasy ketedi. Anadaydan anshy ótip barady. Lashyq aldynda qyz óksip otyr. Enirep jylaghan qyzdy anshy júbatyp, aqyrynda әiel qylyp alady.

Japalaqtap qar jaughan týn edi. Ekeui tósekte jatqanda anshy aitady:

«Álgi saghan erip jýrgen it she, sony men óltirgem. Hayuangha qatyn bop jýrgenine namystandym. Dúrys týsin».

Osy sәtte әiel anshynyng tamaghynan qauyp aldy. Anshy qansyrap mert boldy.

Yamagata dәstýrli merekelerge bay ólke. «Ay arbau» dep atalatyn ghúryptyq shara ain últy mekendeytin Hokkaydoda jәne Honsudegi Yamagatada atqarylady. Búl ghúryptyng Ayn men Yamagata júrtyna ortaq boluy­nyng tarihy sebebi bar. Ejelgi dәuirde Yamagata taularyn Edzo eli qonystanghan. Negizinen Hokkaydony mekendegen el Edzo dep atalghanymen mәdeni, tarihy túrghydan basqa aimaqtarmen de baylanysty. Iydesan tauynyng eteginde san ghasyrdan beri atalyp ótetin «Kumamasuri» (Ai arbau merekesi) kezinde anshylar An Pirinen ang aulaugha rúqsat súraydy. Yamagata ormandy aimaq bolghandyqtan, sanaluan andar men qústar mekendeydi. Dәrilik shóp pen gýldi ósimdikterge bay ólke. Prefekturanyng 137,000 gektary ormandy alqap bolyp tabylady. Japon ormandarynyng basym bóligi Yamagata aimaghynda. Nagay shaharynda 1200 jyldyq Kubodzakura aghashy ósip túr. Sakuranyng dia­metri - 12 metr, biyiktigi - 16 metr. Búl aghash erekshe kýtim­ge alynghan.

Yamagata prefekturasynda 30 myng jyl búrynghy Dzyomon dәuirine jatatyn múralar saqtalghan. Dzyomon mura, Dzyomonnomory (Dzyomon auyly, Dzyomon ormany) Asahiyding baurayynda sozylyp jatyr. Ejelgi Dzyomon, Yayoy dәuirlerine jatatyn, arheologiyalyq qazu júmystary negizinde shyqqan jәdigerler osy baqqa jinaqtalghan.

Úly Kumanonyng ýsh ghibadathanasynyng biri - Naganoda, endi biri - Vakayamada bolsa, ýshinshisi - Yamagatanyng Nanyoushy shaharynda. Búl ghibadathana tarihy múrajay qyzmetin atqarady. «Aq» sózimen baylanysty qútty mekender de az emes. Mysaly, Hakuruko (Aq aidahar kóli) turaly anyzda su týbinde aq týsti aidahar bar delinedi. Nagay qalasynyng sol­týstiginde, Mogamy ózeni jaghasynda Shiratakachou (Aq súnqar) jotalary kórinetin «Aqsúnqar» shaharynda aqmarjan kýrishting sharuashylyghy damyghan. Shirataka san ghasyrlyq tarihy bar toqyma óndirisimen de belgili aimaq.

Yamagatanyng Okitama aimaghynda Uesugy әuleti túrghan erte zamanda, tau qoynauynda qaghaz jasalghan. Miyamavashiy dep atalatyn búl ónim japonnyng joghary sapaly qaghazynyng bir erekshe týri ekeni sózsiz. Kezdeme toqu, qaghaz jasau kәsibi Kýnshyghysta kóne zamanda qolgha alynghan. Prefekturadaghy eng kóne ghiy­marat ta osy jerde. Heyan dәuirinde boy kótergen ghimarat Miyamakannondou degen atpen tanymal. Yamagatanyng Mogamy aimaghyndaghy Shindjoushy shahary Todzava әuletining sarayy túrghan meken. Shindjou masury merekesi prefekturadaghy eng iri merekelik sharanyng biri. Mogamimachy shahary Masuo Bashyo Yamagatagha kelgende alghash qonghan jer bolsa, Shindjoushy turaly da aqyndar aishyqty ólender jazghan. Ol múralar múrajaylarda saqtauly.

Yamagatanyng eng iri shaharlarynyng biri - Sakata Shyounay aimaghyndaghy eng iri qala bolyp tabylady. Sakay әuleti biylikke kelgen kezden bastap, Edo dәui­rine deyin (HÝII-HIH) sauda ortalyghy retinde órken jayghan. Tarihy oqighalardyng kuәsi, jaghasynda talay maytalmannyng izi qalghan Mogamigava ózeni Sakatanyng simvoly, aqqular mekeni. Mogamigavagha jyl sayyn Sibirden 2000-nan astam aru qústar qonaqtaydy. Deva, Asahy arasynan ótetin Mogamigava ózeni Sakatagha jetedi de, Japon tenizine qúyady.

Mogamigava - Sakatanyng sәni, aqqulardyng baghy, kiyeli qústardyng әlemdegi sanauly mekenining biri. Sakata shahary manyzdy teniz ailaghy retinde Kioto, Osaka, Edo qalalarymen erte kezden tyghyz baylanys­ta bolghan. Sakata ónerpazdar men әdebiyetshilerding shahary. Talay aqyn men jazushy osy shaharda tuyndysyn jazyp qaldyrghan. Tauday biyik túlghalardyng eskertkishteri Hiioriyamakouen baghyna ornatylghan. Al shygharmalary Sakata múrajayynda saqtauly.

2233 metrlik Choukay tauynyng etegindegi Yudzamachy qalasy da tarihy meken. Choukay tauyn japondar Fudziyge úqsatyp, Deva Fudzy tauy dep ataydy. Gakkougava (Ay núrly ózen) boyynda núrly vakalar men shuaqty haykuler tughan. 1100 jyldyq tarihy bar Sugisavahiyamabangaku dep atalatyn saltanatty ghúryptyq biyden osy shahardyng ghajap mәdeniyet ordasy ekenin bilemiz.

«Soltýstik jolymen» degen kýndelik jazyp, haykulerin qaghazgha órnektegen Masuo Bashyo aqynnyng tabanynyng izi sayrap jatyr búl qalada. Soltýstiginde Akita, shyghysynda Miyagi, ontýstiginde Fukushima men Niigatamen jalghasqan Yamagata taularyna ata tarih tanbalanghan. Ou, Deva, Asahy taularynda tughan eren erlerding úrpaqtary osyny maqtan tútady.

Órmekshi әiel

Búl aimaqta aitylatyn anyzdarda oqighalar kóbine tauda órbiydi. Sonday tuyndynyng biri órmekshi turaly anyz.

Bayaghyda bir saudager tau ishinde kele jatyp adasady. Qas qarayghan song qorqa bastaydy. Týneytin jer izdep jýrgende, shatqaldaghy bir eski ghibadathanany kóredi. Býgin osynda týneyin dep, saudager ghibadat­hanagha kiredi. Talaydan beri ot jaghylmaghan pesh túr. Otyn әkelip, ot tamyzdy. Jylynyp otyrghanda qaranghylyq qonlana bastady. Qara siyaday qara týn. Saudager úiyqtay almay dónbekshy berdi. Bir kezde ekinshi qabattan bireu týsip kele jatqanday boldy. Fusuma (jyljymaly bólmearalyq esik) jyljyp, jel qannyng iyisin kirgizdi. Saudager jalt qaraghanda shyamisen ústaghan bir tanghajayyp súludy kórdi. Syghyrayghan kózi saudagerge qarap túr. Erni qan siyaqty qyp-qyzyl. Áyel kýlimsirep:

-Qonaghym, jalghyzdyqtan ishiniz pysqan shyghar. Shyamisen (ýsh shekti aspap) sazyn tyndanyz, - dedi.

Áyel aspaptyng qúlaq kýiin keltirip, sherte bastady. Osy sәtte saudagerding moynyna bir jip oratylyp, shyrmay bastady. Saudager qobdishasynan bәkisin alyp, jipti ýzip jiberdi. Áyel kýlip:

- Qonaghym, shyamisenge qúlaq týriniz, - dep, ary qaray shertti. Jinishke jip erkekting moynyna baylanyp, qylqyndyra bastady. Erkek bәkini әielge súqty. «Qonaghym, búnynyz ne?» dep әiel shynghyryp jiberdi de, ekinshi qabatqa kóterildi. Saudager tandy kóz ilmey atyrdy. Taugha Kýn sәulesi týskende «әlgi әiel óli me, tiri me» dep, ekinshi qabatqa shyqty. Áyel kórinbedi. «Búl ne ghajap?» dep, ainalasyna qarasa, bir búryshta ýlken dzaru (bambuk sebet) siyaqty birnәrse domalap jatyr eken. Qarasa kәri órmekshi ólermen halde. Týnde meni qylqyndyrmaq bolghan, shyamisen shertken әiel osy eken ghoy dep, saudager órmekshini keskilep, kózin joydy.

Japon foliklorynda órmekshi turaly anyzdar men ertegiler óte kóp. Akutagava Runoske óz novellalaryna ejelgi әdebiyet ýlgilerin ózek etkendigi belgili. «Órmekshi» degen әngimesi de sonday foliklor sujetining negizinde jazylghan shygharma.

Búlbúl qyz

Bayaghyda bir jigit qala men auyldy aralap sauda jasap jýrdi. «Shay, may, jip, aq, qyzyl taraq!» dep dauystaydy. Búl kýni saudasy ótpedi. Kesh te batty. Jigit tau ishimen kele jatty. Salqyn samal esip túr. Bambukter «suyq, suyq» dep terbeledi. Jigit jýgin jerge qoyyp, quray jinap ot jaqty. Jylynghan song «Shay, may, jip, aq, qyzyl taraq!» dep, saudager sózin qaytalady. Osy sәtte qalyng bambuktyng arasynan qyz nәzik ýnmen «Taraq berinizshi, qyzylyn» dedi. Qarasa syqasqan bambuk arasynan saray qaqpasy kórinedi. Jigit tauaryn arqalap qaqpadan kirdi. Qyz dausy estildi: «Varadziydi (sabannan toqylatyn ayaq kiyim) sheship, tórletiniz». Esik aldynda ayaq juatyn legen túr eken. Jigit jyly sumen juynyp, ýige kirdi. Ishte bir top qyz shulap otyr. Bir súlu jigitke: «Shay men may berinizshi», - dep, altyn tengeler berdi. Qyzdyng úsynysymen jigit ýige týnedi. Jana jyl tany da atty. Jigit búlbúl ýnimen oyandy. Ornynan túryp, esikti ashyp edi, ýlken baqty kórdi. Alhory gýldep túr. Alys­taghy taugha qar jauypty, appaq. «Qayyrly tan!» dedi qyz. Búlbúlday әsem dauys. Qyz Jana jyl dәmin әkel­di. «Jana jyl ghoy. Birge dәm tatayyq». Jigit bas tartpady. Baqta búlbúl sayrap túr.

- Osynda qalynyz, - dedi, qyz. - Ekeumiz túramyz. Búl saraydaghy altyn da, barlyq qazyna, tipti men de sizdiki bolamyn. Siz bay bolasyz.

- Men bayimyn ba?

Bay bolu kedey saudagerding armany edi.

Qar erip, kóktem keldi. Dalada qyryqbuyn kórindi. Tauda shabdaly gýlining iyisi anqyp túr. Jigit pen qyz kógildir tauda seruendep jýr.

Jaz tudy. Jigit shatqaldaghy ózenge týsti. Ústaghan balyqtardy jaghadaghy qyzgha laqtyruda. Qyzdyng qyzyl kóilegining etegi jelp-jelp etedi. Kókjiyek te qyzyl.

Kýzgi keshte tabyn búghy ótti. Ýienki bútaghyn kó­terip, qyz búghylargha til qatty. Kýn batyp, dóngelengen Ay tudy.

Appaq qys. Jigit pesh týbinde jatyr. Áyeli toqyma toqyp otyr. Áyeli jigitke aitty: «Maghan bala bitti».

Sóitip, bir jyl ótti. Jana jyl keldi. Qyz jolgha dayyndalyp, jigitke bylay dedi: «Men auylgha baryp, bosanyp keleyin. Siz sarayda qalynyz. Saraydy qaranyz. Biraq on eki bólmeni kórseniz de, on ýshinshi bólmege kirmeniz.

Sóitip, әieli auylgha ketti. Jigit bólmelerdi aralap kóre bastady. Alghashqy bólmening esigin ashyp edi, ýlken baq eken. Alhory gýldep túr. Alystaghy taugha qar jauyp, appaq bop jaltyrap jatyr. Ekinshi esikti ashqanda shabdaly iyisi anqyp ketti. Dalany qyryqbuyn kómkergen. Jigit saray esikterin shetinen ashyp kóre bastady. On ekinshi esikti ashqanda jeltoqsan aiynyng kórinisi surettegidey kóz aldygha keldi. Jigit qyzben ótkizgen bir jylyn esine týsirdi. Jigit kýbirledi: «Shay, may, jip, aq, qyzyl taraq!». Saudager sózin qay­talap on ýshinshi esikke de jetti. «Búl esikti ashpanyz» degen әielining sózi qúlaghynyng týbinen estilgendey boldy. Jigit búnda ne baryn kórgisi keldi. Jigit qolyna qarady. IYә, óz qoly. Osy qolymen on ýshinshi bólmeni ashty. Qaranghy eken. Jalghyz sәule jarq etti. Alhory aghashynyng bir bútaghyna búlbúl úya saluda.

«Búlbúl júmyrtqalauda» dep kýbirledi ol. Búlbúl úyadan úshyp shyqqanda jalghyz sәule ghayyp boldy. Qaranghydan búlbúl ýni estildi. «Bәribir kórip qoydy­nyz, ә?». Áyelining dausy. Ábden jýdegen, óni bop-boz kelinshek kólenke bop alystay berdi. «Toqta!» dep, tap bergende әieli kishkentay búlbúlgha ainalyp úshyp ketti.

Jigit esin jinasa suyq taudyng ishi eken. Jelding ótinde túr. Tamyzghan oty sónip qalghan. Qasynda jýgi túr. Qalyng bambuk ishindegi ýlken saray ghayyp bolghan.

Shay, may, jip, aq, qyzyl taraq...

Kóktem kelgende alystaghy taudan búlbúl ýni estiledi.

Sharafat Jylqybaeva,
Japoniyanyng Euraziya ghalymdary men
Jazushylary odaghynyng mýshesi.

"Qazaq әdebiyeti" gazeti