• «Qazaq» gazeti - 100 jyl

Qazaq gazetining 100 jyldyghy atalyp jatqanda onyng órken jayghan bir bútaghynyng alystaghy aghayyn arasynda ekeninde eske alu kerek.

1880-1890 jyldar ishinde Jýsipbek Shayhysylamúly, Aqyt Ýlimjiúly bastaghan alghashqy bir top aqyndar qazan baspasynan kitaptar shyghara bastaghan edi. Sóitip, "1900 jyldan 1917 jylgha deyin Qazanda, Ombyda, Orynborda, Peterburgta, Tashkentte, Torisskiyde, Semeyde, Oralda jәne basqa qalalarda qazaq tilindegi jýzge tarta týrli kitaptar shyqty.

Qytay aumaghynda Shynjang jerinde Shyng Sysay biylik basyna kelgennen keyin, onyng algha qoyghan «alty sayasaty» boyynsha, Kenester Odaghymen dostasyp mәdeniyet jәne oqu- aghartu isteri jaghynda belgili damu payda boldy. Ásirese, qazaqstandyq qazaqtardyng mәdeniyet, óner, baspa isining ónegesi óte kóp boldy. Ólke ortalyghy Ýrimji qalasynda jәne de Ile, Altay, Tarbaghatay aimaqtarynda qúrylghan "Qazaq-qyrghyz mәdeni, aghartu úiymynyng " yqpalymen qazaq baspasózi men oqu-aghartuy jana qadamdar jasady. Sóitip, qazaqstandyq qazaq gazetterining yqpalyn qabylday otyryp gazet shygharu isi de qolgha alyndy.

• «Qazaq» gazeti - 100 jyl

Qazaq gazetining 100 jyldyghy atalyp jatqanda onyng órken jayghan bir bútaghynyng alystaghy aghayyn arasynda ekeninde eske alu kerek.

1880-1890 jyldar ishinde Jýsipbek Shayhysylamúly, Aqyt Ýlimjiúly bastaghan alghashqy bir top aqyndar qazan baspasynan kitaptar shyghara bastaghan edi. Sóitip, "1900 jyldan 1917 jylgha deyin Qazanda, Ombyda, Orynborda, Peterburgta, Tashkentte, Torisskiyde, Semeyde, Oralda jәne basqa qalalarda qazaq tilindegi jýzge tarta týrli kitaptar shyqty.

Qytay aumaghynda Shynjang jerinde Shyng Sysay biylik basyna kelgennen keyin, onyng algha qoyghan «alty sayasaty» boyynsha, Kenester Odaghymen dostasyp mәdeniyet jәne oqu- aghartu isteri jaghynda belgili damu payda boldy. Ásirese, qazaqstandyq qazaqtardyng mәdeniyet, óner, baspa isining ónegesi óte kóp boldy. Ólke ortalyghy Ýrimji qalasynda jәne de Ile, Altay, Tarbaghatay aimaqtarynda qúrylghan "Qazaq-qyrghyz mәdeni, aghartu úiymynyng " yqpalymen qazaq baspasózi men oqu-aghartuy jana qadamdar jasady. Sóitip, qazaqstandyq qazaq gazetterining yqpalyn qabylday otyryp gazet shygharu isi de qolgha alyndy.

1934 jyly mausymdy Ilede qúrylghan qazaq-qyrghyz mәdeni-aghartu úiymynyng bastyghy Mahsút Sasanov bastamashylyghynda 1935 jyly qazaq tilinde «Tónkeris tany» atty gazet shyqty. Búl gazetti osy qazaq-qyrghyz úiymynyng oiyn-sauyq, mәdeniyet isterine jauapty aqyn Tanjaryq Joldyúly basqardy. Osy gazetti qazyrgi «Ile gazetinin» alghashqy negizi, Iledegi qazaq baspasózining tórkini deuge bolady.

Altay ónirinde kezinde Altay ónirining uәlii jәne әskery qozghalys generaly bolyp túrghan aghartushy Shәriphan Jenishanúly Kógedaev baspasóz júmysyn damytugha erekshe kýsh salghan kisi. 1934 jyly ol Kenes Odaghynan baspa mashinasyn aldyryp, 1935-jyly qazirgi «Altay gazetinin» túnghysh sany «Shynjang Altay gazetin» shygharady. Búl gazet sol jyldyng sonynda «Jana Altay gazeti» degen atpen shyghyp túrdy.

Tarbaghatay ónirinde baspasóz júmysy Ile men Altay ónirine qaraghanda erterek bastalghan. Biraq ol alghashynda naghyz qazaq tilindegi basylym bolmaydy. óitkeni, qazaq, úighyr, tatar, taghy basqa últtar aralas qonystanghan Tarbaghataygha sovet odaghynan (1925 jyly) әkelingen tas baspa aspaptary Qazan baspasynyki edi, әri úighyr, tatar tiline jaqyn әrip bolatyn. Osy tilmen shyqqan «Bizding ýn» atty gazette Núrtaza Shalghynbaev siyaqty qazaq ziyalylarynyng maqalalary da basylyp túrghan. 1934-jyldan bastap búl gazette Tarbaghataydyng ortaq tilinde qazaq oqymystylarynyng maqalarlary basyla bastady.

Ýrimjide "Shynjang gazetinin" qazaq tilindegisi 1935-jyldan shygha bastady da, qazaq baspasózi damuyna negiz boldy.

Qúljada, Ýrimjide gazet-jurnaldar shyghudyng syrtynda kitap ta shyghatyn boldy. 1948-jyly Qúljada Tanjaryq Joldyúlynyng "Alghashqy jinaghy", Ýrimjide Nighymet Mynjanúlynyng "Túrmys tilshisi " atty povesi jariyalandy.

Sol jyly Ýrimjidegi Shynjang gazeti baspa zauytynda "Abaydyng tandamaly shygharmalary" basylyp shyqty. Osymen qatar Altayda Áset Naymanbayúlynyng "Sәliqa - Sәmen" dastany, Tarbaghatayda Núrtaza Shalghynbaevtyng " Kórgen, - bilgenderim" ocherki, Dubek Shalghynbaevtyng "Kedey oqushynyng taghdyry" әngimeleri kitap bolyp shygha bastady.

Qytayda jýrgizilgen sayasy kýresterge baylanysty baspasóz qyzmeti bir mezet toqyraugha úshyrap, 1980-jyldardan keyin ghana qayta jandana bastady.

Arnayy baspa oryndarynan "Últtar baspasy" , "Shynjang halyq baspasy", "Shynjang jastar-órender baspasy", "Densaulyq, ghylym-tehnika baspasy", "Shynjang oqu-aghartu baspasy", "Ile halyq baspasy" siyaqtylar bar. Búl baspalar ýkimettik tapsyrystar jәne jeke qarjy tabu joldarymen әrtýrli kitaptar shygharyp otyrady.

Qazaq tilinde shyghatyn gazetterden «Shynjang gazeti», «Ile gazeti», «Altay gazeti», «Tarbaghatay gazeti», «Shynjang ghylym - tehnika gazeti» , «Ile ghylym - tehnika informasiya gazeti» bar.

1924 jyly Ahmet Baytúrsynúly arab jazuy ýlgisindegi tóte jazudy qoldanugha keltirgennen keyin Shynjang qazaqtary jappay osy jazudy qoldandy. 1965 jyldan bastap qytay jazuynyng dybystyq beynelenui negizindegi latyn әlipbii jasalyp, ol 1982 jylgha deyin paydalanyldy. Odan keyin A.Baytúrsynúly jazuy negizindegi tóte jazu qaytadan qoldanysqa endi. Qazirde osy jazu qoldanylady.

Jaqynghy jyldardan beri «qos tildi oqytu» deytin jana baghdarlamagha sәikes qazaq mektepterinde sabaqtar qytaysha ótile bastady. Tek qana qazaq tili men әdebiyet pәni qazaqsha ótedi, búl qytaydyng ózderi jasaghan avtonomiya sayasatyna sәikes kelmese de, keshegi Kenester Odaghy jýrgizgen «orystandyrudyn» qytaylyq beynelenui bolyp tabylady. Osy ýrdis terendey beretin bolsa qazaq gazetteri qanshama danamen shyqqanmen onyng oqyrmanynyng kýn sanap azayyp bara jatqany aitpasa da týsinikti. Desede keyde olar býgingi qazaq elindegi basylymdargha shama-sharqynsha qol sozyp jatady. Átten, arada dәneker az. Ásirese, ondaghy qazaqtyng qaazqstandyq basylymdardy jazghyzyp alyp oquynyng esh mýmkindigi qarastyrylmay otyr. Aldaghy uaqytta últ janashyrlarynyng búl mәseleni qolgha aluyna qonyrau shala otyryp, qazaq gazetterining bir bútaghy - Shynjanda jatqanyn eske salghymyz keledi.

Jәdy ShÁKENÚLY, jazushy

Qazaqstan Jazushylar Odaghynyn,

Euraziya jazushylar odaghynyng mýshesi

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