Jalpy, kóshpeliler tarihy, olardyng ishinde qazaq halqynyng mәdeniyeti men salt-dәstýri elimizge jer audarylyp kelgen sheteldik ziyalylardyng da tandanysyn arttyryp, qoldaryna qalam aldyrghan. Olar da óz kezeginde qazaq deytin últtyng ghajayyp qyrlary men tereng syrlaryn zeyin qoya zerttep, jýrgen jerlerinde qaghaz betine týsirip otyrghan. Sol arqyly artynda asyl múra, jauhar jәdigerlikter qaldyrghan. Solardyng biri - polyak halqynyng últ-azattyq kóterilisining qayratkeri, revolusioner-demokrat Adolif Yanushkevich.

Jalpy, kóshpeliler tarihy, olardyng ishinde qazaq halqynyng mәdeniyeti men salt-dәstýri elimizge jer audarylyp kelgen sheteldik ziyalylardyng da tandanysyn arttyryp, qoldaryna qalam aldyrghan. Olar da óz kezeginde qazaq deytin últtyng ghajayyp qyrlary men tereng syrlaryn zeyin qoya zerttep, jýrgen jerlerinde qaghaz betine týsirip otyrghan. Sol arqyly artynda asyl múra, jauhar jәdigerlikter qaldyrghan. Solardyng biri - polyak halqynyng últ-azattyq kóterilisining qayratkeri, revolusioner-demokrat Adolif Yanushkevich.

Qazaq halqynyng salt-dәstýri men әdet-ghúrpy jayynda tamsana jazghan Adolif Yanushkevichting әkesi de әigili polyak qolbasshysy Tadeush Kostushkonyng әskery qúramasynyng sapynda óz elining bostandyghy men tәuelsizdigi ýshin soghysqan adam. Ákening osy qasiyeti keyin úlyna da darydy. Uniyversiytet qabyrghasynda jýrgende-aq әrtýrli jasyryn úiymdargha mýshe bolyp, revolusiyalyq qozghalystargha belsene qatysqan otansýigish oghlan 1830 jyly qolyna qaru alyp, Resey patshalyghynyng әskerine qarsy soghysty. Sonday úrystardyng birinde ol jaralanyp qolgha týsip, basqa tútqyndarmen birge Sibirge jer audaryldy. Bes jyldan song sol kezdegi Ishim ónirindegi jer audarylghan polyaktar koloniyasynda túraqtap, 1846 jyldyng mamyrynda onyng qazaq dalasyna sayahaty bastaldy. Ol sayahattyng negizgi maqsaty - Orta jýz qazaqtarynyng maly men jan basyna sanaq jýrgizu bolatyn. Sol sanaq sayahaty kezinde jazylghan kýndelikter men hattar jeke kitap bolyp (polyak tilinde) shyqqannan song qazaq oqyrmandarynyng qolyna tek bir ghasyrdan astam uaqyt ótkennen keyin ghana tiydi.
Nazarlarynyzgha «Qazaq dalasyna sapardyng kýndelikteri men hattary» atty kitabynyng osy jatjúrttyq avtordyng Ombydan Ayakózge qaray shyqqan jolsaparynda jiyrma men otyzdyng arasynda zaghip aqyn - Jazyqpen kezdeskeni jayly jazghandarynan shaghyn ýzindi audarmasyn (orys tilinen) úsynudy jón kórdik.

25 tamyz

...Búl bolysta zaghip suyrypsalma aqyn qyz bar ekenin men búrynyraqta estigem. Áueli biz onymen tanysugha bola ma eken dep súrap kórdik. Súltan myrza sózge kelmesten ol qyzdy dereu aldyrtty. Onyng esimi Jazyq eken. Tumysynan soqyr bolyp qalghan aqyn qyz óz jasynan egdeleu kóringenimen, júrt ony jiyrmada dep esepteydi, al shyndyghynda 29-da bolsa kerek. Azdap sheshek tiygeni bolmasa, bet әlpeti tartymdy, shyrayly. Ózine qymyz qúidyryp aldy da, ol bylaysha jyrlay jóneldi: «Bulekting (polkovniyk) shaqyruy boyynsha ol basqaryp otyrghan zamandy quanyshpen jyrlaugha keldim. Al biz ýshin dәl osynday qolayly bolmaghan Asessordy ýsh mәrte qarghaymyn. Bilgenimdi ghana jyrlaymyn. Ol ýshin ghafu etinizder. Óitkeni, ómirge qaranghy bolyp kelgen 20 jyl ishinde mening baqytsyzdyghym eshbir jenilmegendikten basqalar sekildi jyrlay almaymyn. Eger qúdaydyng osy qarghysyna úshyramasam basqalardan kem bolmas ta edim...».
Biz onyng ruy Alatau taularyn uaqytsha mekendegeni aitylatyn «Alatau densudy» jyrlap beruin súradyq. Mine, ol qalay jyrlady:
«Biz búl jerdi ejelden mekendep kelip edik. Búl jer dýniyedegi eng jaqsy jer, sebebi osy Qarqaraly ónirindegidey aua, su, jayylymdyq, jylqy men siyr tabyndary, qoy men jibek jýndi kerkeyler (eshki), múnday qymyz esh jerde joq.
Biz eshkimge tәueldi bolmay, óz biyle­ri­miz­ding basshylyghymen bostandyqta, tynysh ghúmyr keship jattyq. Biraq, bizdi súltandar qa­nay bastady, myna qasqyrlar alym-sa­lyqty barghan sayyn arttyryp, bizdi ti­ridey jedi...Shong olardyng qarapayym ha­lyqty qanauyna mýmkindik bermedi, tipti olardy Bayanauyl jerinen quyp jiberuge de әrekettendi. Biraq Shong ólip qaldy, al súltandar bizdi tonau arqyly baghyndyru ýshin orystarmen mәmilelesip, solardyng altynynyng jarqylyna kózderi qarauytyp, kinәsiz bizderdi satyp jiberdi.
Orystar Qarqaraly taularynyng ara­syn­da ózderine qala saldy, óz qorghandary ýshin qúnarly jerlerimizding bәrin tartyp aldy, bizdi óz yrqynda ústau ýshin olargha ayau­shylyghy joq adamdaryn ornalastyrdy. Bizding týielerimiz qúrylysqa qajetti qaraghay dingekterin sýiretuge kerek boldy. Salyq salu ýshin bizding jylqylarymyz ben siyr, qoylarymyzdy sanady. Attyng qyl qúiryghyn kórse boldy sol ýide jylqy bar dep eseptedi, bireuding ýstinen jalba-júlba teri kiyimin kórse onyng «jasyrghan qoyym joq!» degenine senbedi. Al toyymdyghy joq paydakýnem Jamantay bizdi qorghaghannyng ornyna qayta qanaushylargha kómektesti...
Osynday qysymshylyqqa shyday almaghan bizder ózimizding atameken jerimizde túraqtay almadyq. Birtindep-birtindep odan alshaqtap, kóz jasyna tolghan jolmenen auasy túmandy, taulary biyik te qiya jartasty bolghandyqtan adamdar men jylqylar odan shynyraugha qúlap jatsa da qughyn-sýrginning qayghyly eline, tura Alataudyng ózine tarttyq. Suy da jyn soqqan, eger shaghyp alsa adamdy týieshe baqyrtatyn býiisi bar, qymyzy da nashar, jem-shóbi de jaman jәne eng bastysy - jyrtqysh kórshi Sadyr-Matay kýnde yghyr qyldy.
Biz sol jaqta túrsaq ta ýnemi ózimizding Qarqaraly jerin saghynyp, kókiregimiz qars airyla kýrsinip jýrdik. Jerge degen saghynysh bizdi oghan qayta oralugha mәjbýr etti, nege deseniz onyng auasynday aua, suynday su, onday jayylymdyq esh jerde joq» jәne sol siyaqtylar...».
Bizding aqyn qyzymyz batyl-batyl sóileydi. Qoyghan súraq- tarymyzgha aqylmen, әntek jymiyspen jauap berip otyrdy! Ony suyryp salyp óleng aitugha kim ýiretti degen saualymyzgha ol bylay dedi: «Qúday meni jarylqamady, biraq ol maghan ruh berdi; men kemtar bolghandyqtan ol meni mýsirkeydi, ruh beredi; men sodan shabyt alyp, óleng aitamyn». Tipti súltannyng ózi orazasyn búzyp, úsynylghan kesege qol tiygize almay otyrsa da, ol bizben birge shәy ishti, sebebi baqytsyz bolghandyqtan onyng qolyn eshkim qaqpady. Shәidan keyin taghy jyrlady:
«Men taghdyryna ókpeli, onyng tәlkegine úshyraghan bir gharip janmyn. Úly túlghanyng aldyna kelsem de onyng jaryq beynesin kóre almaymyn. Buleke, men sening jaryq jýzindi kóruge qauqarsyzbyn! Sebebi qúday maghan janar bermedi; biraq mende jady men sezim bar. Seni úly, aqyldy, adal, meyirimdi, jarly-jaqybaylar men qudalaghandargha qol úshyn beretin qamqorshy degen halyq ýnin estiymin. Janyna qorghanbay jaqyndaymyn, siya sauytqa malghan qalamday sening kiyiz ýiine kedergisiz kiremin de janyna jayghasamyn, óitkeni sening orystargha qaraghanda tendesing joq. Sen bizding halqymyzdyng maly men janyn sanaugha keldin. Sen keldin, al qarttar men әielder jәne balalar bәri seni qúshaq jaya qarsy aldy...».
Bizding «Kenesary jayynda jyrlap bermeysiz be?» degen saualymyzgha Jazyq ol turaly әli bir auyz da óleng qúrastyrmaghanyn aitty. Biraq, ótirik aitty-au deymin, sebebi, qazaq starshyndary oghan ólenin bayqap-bayqap aitudy, әsirese orystargha qatysty túsynda saq boluyn aqyryn eskertip otyrady. Jamantay jayly aitqan óleng shumaqtaryn biz qaghazgha týsire bastap edik, olar seskenip-seziktenip qalghanday boldy. Tipti aqyn qyzdy jeke shaqyrtyp alyp, oghan birdene dep jatty.
Bizding qonaqjaylylyghymyzgha riza әri syi-siyapatqa ie bolghan ol qoshtasar sәtte taghy da óz janynan suyryp salyp óleng aitty. Biz gharip jannyng sonshama ýlken talantyna taghy da tang qalyp, taghzym ettik. Onyng suyryp salyp aitqan barlyq jyrlary sonday úiqasty. Ana tilin erkin mengergeni kórinip túr. Al dauysynan tek әiel zatyna ghana tәn keremet sezimtaldyq angharylady. Men ony erekshe bir tolghanyspen tyndadym. Áygili Qúdayananyng әnin tyndasam da dәl sonday tolqudy bastan keshpes edim...
Qazaq tilin nashar biletindigime ashuym keldi, al bizding tilmashtardyng poetikalyq asqaq ta әdemi jyrlardy audarugha shamasy joq edi. Olargha tipti Jazyqtyng jyrlary shatysqan, týsiniksiz kórindi. Alayda, eshqashan ilim-bilimdi paryq etpegen jandardan ne kýtuge bolady! Biraq, olar zaghip aqynnyng óz oilaryn óte kýshti oi-sezimmen jetkizgenin, әsirese úiqastarynyng qamshynyng órimindey órilip kelgenin sózsiz moyyndaghan edi...
Yanushkevich sol saparynda qazaqtyng Orynbay, Janaq, Týbek siyaqty ot tildi, oraq auyzdy aqyndaryn, Tәttimbet syndy kýy atasyn, dýiim eldi auzyna qaratyp, aqyl-parasatymen jón siltep otyrghan auzy dualy biyler men súltandardy kózimen kórip, kónili sýisingen sheteldik sanaqkerding Jazyq jóninde de osynday әserli joldar jazuy beker emes, әriyne.
Yanushkevich jazbalarynan bizding әuelgi bilgenimiz - Jazyq aqynnyng Shúbartau ónirin jaylaghan tólengitter ruynan ekendigi ghana boldy. Odan basqa derekti óz basym búryn-sondy kezdestirgen emes edim. Rasynda, sonda onyng kim bolghany? Odan qalghan ýrim-bútaq bar ma? Yanushkevich kýndelikterin qaytalap oqyghanda da osy saual kókeyde túrghan.
...Sóitip jýrgende oghan qaytarylar jauaptyng bir núsqasyna «Qazaq әdebiyeti» gazetining 1993 jylghy 5 nauryzdaghy sanyn paraqtap otyryp tap boldym. Onda «Tanym» aidarymen ayakózdik qalamger aghamyz Ghabit Zúlqarovtyng «Aqyn Jazyq kim?» atty materialy jariyalanypty. Ol kisi Semey memlekettik múraghatynyng Ayagóz filialynda agha ghylymy qyzmetker bolyp istep jýrgen kezinde (búdan edәuir uaqyt búryn) Yanushkevich kitabyna jýgine otyryp, sol Shúbartau atyrabyna biraz zertteu júmystaryn jýrgizipti. Kóne sózding kóbesin sógetin auyl qarttarymen әngimelesken. Solardyng biri - sol kezdegi Shúbartau audanyna qarasty «Kóktal» kensharynyng túrghyny, Baybosynov Ybyrayhan aqsaqaldyng aitqandary mynanday:
«Tólengit ishindegi Sary dep atalatyn Menayaqta Jazyq atty qyz bolghanyn ózimnen ýlken qariyalardan estiytinmin. Soqyr bolghan deydi. Al onyng qayda jerlengenin aita almaymyn. Teginde Menayaq balalary shetinen pysyq, el sózin ústaghan, el basqaru isimen kóp ainalysqandar bolsa kerek. Sonyng biri - Menayaqtyng tughan inisi - Ázimbay Bijanúly. Ol birtalay jyl bolys bolghan desedi. Ázimbay kezinde Abaymen de sóz sayysyna týsken dep әkelerimiz aityp otyrushy edi...
Ázimbaydy kópshilik aituly aqyn bolghan deydi. Onyng «Saryarqa» atty dastan jazghanyn osy audannyng Sh.Uәlihanov atyndaghy sovhoz túrghyny, búrynghy múghalim Týsip Maqataev jyr etip, әrkez aityp otyrady. Menayaqtyng Jazyq atty qyzy bolghanyn nemese bolmaghanyn sol Týsip anyq bilui mýmkin».
Odan әri qaray Ghabang dәl osynday әngimeni 85 jastaghy Ájibek Aynabekovten, 81 jastaghy Áubәkir Boranbaevtan, 99 jastaghy Bayahmetbay Amanbaevtardan da jazyp alghanyn aitady. Al Menayaq әuletin jaqsy biledi degen Týsip aqsaqaldyng ol turaly óz qolymen jazyp ketken esteligi Ghabit aghanyng jeke múraghatynda saqtauly kórinedi. Onyng Menayaq pen Jazyqqa qatysty jerleri mynanday:
«Tólengitting bir balasy - Ómirzaq. Onyng on úly bolsa kerek. Sol on balanyng biri - Sary dep atalghan. Sarydan Begimbet tughan. Begimbetten - Bijan men Menayaq tughan. Al, Menayaqtan - Álpi, Ospanqúl, Berebay jәne Jazyq atty jalghyz qyz tughan. Jazyqqa segiz jasynda әulie (sheshekting bir týri bolsa kerek...- J.IY.) shyghyp, kózi zaghip bolghan.
Menayaqtyng ziraty Besbúlaqta. Ýlken ziratqa bes adam jerlengen. Olar: Menayaqtyng ózi, balasy Ospanqúl jәne Jazyq. Ospanqúldyng eki balasy da osy zirat ishine qoyylghan...»
Atalghan maqaladan biz angharghan taghy bir derek - «Sovetskiy pisateli» baspasynyng Leningradtaghy bólimshesi (sol kezdegi) 1978 jyly XY-XIX ghasyrlardaghy qazaq aqyn-jyraularynyng bir tomdyq antologiyasyn basyp shygharghan eken. Mine, sol basylymgha Jazyq aqyn ómirinen de qysqasha mәlimet berilip, «Etot kray, gde gnezda viut orly», «Adolifu Yanushkevichu» degen eki óleni orysshagha audarylyp basylypty. Al onyng ómirbayany jóninde: «Djazyk rodilasi v 1826 godu, v nyneshnem Chubartauskom rayone Semipalatinskoy oblasti. Umerla v 1863 godu v vozraste tridsaty semy let»,- dep qysqasha ghana jazylghan.
Mine, halqymyzdan shyqqan, biraq esimi kóp uaqyt beymәlim bop kelgen aqyn qyzdardyng biri - Jazyq turaly tam-túm derek osynday. Búl talantty taghdyrdyng әli de bolsa jete zerttelmey jatqan jaqtary da bar ekendigi dau tudyrmasa kerek. Ol - әdebiyet zertteushi ghalymdar enshisinde. Al bizding maqsat - óz bilgenimiz ben kónilge týigenimizdi ózge qandastarymyzgha jetkizu ghana...

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