Kýngirt óleng (朦胧诗) – Ishki jan dýniyeni negizgi beyneleu obektisi etip, ón boyy obrazben simvolgha qúrylghan, aitpaghyn kórkemdik forma men tәsil arqyly birtindep býrkemelep kórsetudi maqsat etken, sonymen birge, ólenmen ózin beyneley de, jasyra da alatyn, shegi kýngirt, búldyr, negizgi túlghasy aluan mәndi, kómeski bolyp keletin óleng týri.

HH ghasyrdyng basynan (1919 jyl) bastalghan Qytaydaghy janasha óleng auqymy, jana ólenderding tuyluy men zertteluine biraz yqpal etti, janasha ólenderding ýzdiksiz óndelip, damu dәstýrin qalyptastyrdy. Sonymen birge, Qytay aqyndary batystyng yqpalyna úshyrap, eski dәstýrdegi ólenderding qalyby búzyp tastaldy, týrli aghymdar men auqymdar jaryqqa shyghyp, janasha ýlgiler payda boldy, búl aghymdar men auqymdardyng keremet myqty aqyndary da boldy. Biraq sosialistik óndiriske ótken son, әdebiyette  sosialistik realizm әdisi ýstemdikke shyghyp, janaghy ýrdis ýzilip qaldy. 60-70 jyldardaghy solshyldyqtardyng kesirinen, adamdargha bolghan jaqsy sezim, ózara týsinistik, mahabbat pen qarghys, adamdardyng qúqy men erkindigi negiz etilgen gumanistik iydeyalar sansyrap qaldy. Kýngirt óleng bolyp atalmaghanmen, búl tektes ólender osy mezgilderde de ómir sýrip jatty. Biraq dәpterlerde ghana jazylyp, ózara qoldan qolgha ótip jýrgenmen, ashyq jariyalanbady. 1978 jylgha deyingi mezgil jana aghymdaghy ólender qozghalysynyng órken kezi, atap aitqanda, kýngirt ólenning birinshi kezeni nemese ot alu mýmkindigin kýtip, sana astynda qozdanyp jatqan kezi deuge bolady. Óitkeni ziyalylardyng auylgha týsip zardap shegui, mәdeniyet tónkerisi mezgilindegi qútyrynghan mәdeniyetting ýreyi, kóptegen ylghary iydeyalar men jemisti nәtiyjelerdi aram shóp retinde ayausyz otap, taptap tastady. Birinshiden, gumanistik iydeyalar úlghaiygha, nyghaiygha mýmkindik ala almay, iydeyalyq auqym boludan qalyp, ruhany qúbylys retinde basyp janshyldy; Ekinshiden, janasha әdeby auqymnan bergi, gumanistik әdeby dәstýr men shetelden kirgen shygharmalar shektelip tastalghan edi.

HH-ghasyrdyng 70-jyldarynyng sondarynda Qytay ózinde bolghan týrli-týsti nauqandardan serpilip shygha bastady. Memleket shetelderge esigin ashyp tastap, týrli salalarda reformalar alyp bardy. Ádebiyet-kórkemónerge de qaytadan erkindik tudy, әsirese, әdebiyet salasynda batystyng modernizm әdebiyetining yqpaly kýshti jýrdi. Kýngirt óleng osynday bir mezgilde, atap aitqanda, HH-ghasyrdyng 70-jyldarynyng aqyry men 80-jyldarynyng basynda Qytayda payda bolghan bir týrli ólender aghymy.

Kóbinde kýngirt óleng 1978 jylghy Byy Dau qatarlylar shygharghan «BÝGIN» atty jurnaldan bastaldy dep qaralady. Is jýzinde «Kýngirt» degen atau «POEZIYa» jurnalynyng 1980 jylghy 8-sanynda Jang Minning «Qúsa etetin kýngirttik» degen maqalasynan keyin «Kýngirt taqyryby» sóz bola bastady. Maqalada Jang Ming osy kezdegi keybir ólenderdi: «Birneshe ret oqysang da aiqyn týsinik bermeytin; týsingen siyaqtanghanmen týsinbeytin; jartylay bilgen siyaqtanghanmen bilmeytin tipti, tútasymen bile almaytyn, oiyn sheshe almaytyn óte sódegey, búldyr ólender» dep kórsetken edi.

«Kýngirt ólen» atauy túraqtansa da, osydan keyin qayda bir óleng týsiniksiz, kýngirt, búldyr bola qalsa, sol arada talas-tartys tolastamaytyn boldy. Búl bir top ózindik daralyghy bar, ózindik ústanghan baghdary bar jas aqyndargha jәne olardyng ólenderine syn qarsha borap túrdy. Tipti, Qytaydaghy tarlan, ardager aqyndar atalatyn Ay Chin, Zang Kejiya qatarlylar da olargha mysqylday qarady. Desede, kýngirt ólendi jaqtaushylardyn, qoldaytyndardyng ýni de tolastamady. Búl talas-tartystar Kýngirt ólenning buynynyng bekemdeluine, tolysuyna zor yqpal etti. Adamdardyng Kýngirt óleng jónindegi tanymy bir-birimen mýlde qarama-qarsy eki týrli boldy: Biri, Kýngirt óleng janasha ólenderding damuyna yqpal etedi, ol bolashaqtaghy basty aghym bolady dese; Endi biri, Kýngirt óleng Qytay poeziyasynyng mәngi basty aghymy bola almaydy, ol poeziya damuyndaghy teris aghys, ayaqqa túsau dep qarady.

Qalay degenmen de, Kýngirt óleng mәdeniyet tónkerisining songhy kezinde, ózindik sana jaghynda oyana bastaghan bir top jas aqyndardyng óleng formasy arqyly real dýniyege qaytalay oy jýgirtui men ólenning dara kórkemdik qúnyna degen izdenisining nәtiyjesi boldy. Ol osynday talas-tartystar barysynda poeziya tórine shyqty. Keudesin kermege úrghan keremet siqyrymen oqyrmandarynyng oiyn jaulap, Qytaydy sharlap ketti.

Kýngirt óleng – poeziya әlemine bir top talantty jastardy alyp keldi, olar Qytay poeziyasyna taghy da jana ekpin, jana ýlgi ala kelip, qoghamnyng nazaryn ózderine erekshe búrdy. Búl óleng aghymynyng basty aqyndary da qalyptasty, atap aitsaq: Shu Tin, Byy Dau, Shy Jy,  Gu Chyn, Lyang Shiyaubiyn, Jiyang Hy, Mang Ke, Hay Zy taghy basqalar.

Kýngirt óleng aqyndary batystyng modernizmdik ólenderining yqpalyna úshyrap, keybir batystyq aghymdardyng beyneleu tәsilderinen ýlgi alyp, ózderining ishki sezimderin, kónil-kýilerin, oi-maqsattaryn aishyqtady. Olardyng jasampazdyghyndaghy ólender, sol kezdegi әdebiyet minberinde dәurendep túrghan realizmdik jәne romantizmdik óleng stilderine mýlde úqsamaytyn bet-beyne alyp keldi.

Kýngirt óleng Qytaydyng ólender tarihynda eng nazar audartqan, әri ainalyp ótuge kelmeytin manyzdy taqyryp boldy. Ol ólenning aluan baghytqa keneyip, Qytay tilindegi ólenderding de týr jaghynan týrlenu mýmkindigining bar ekenin, mazmúnynyng da terendikke boylau mýmkindigining bar ekenin dәleldedi.

Alghashynda olardyng ólenderi modernistik jәne postmodernistik dәstýrge eliktegen siyaqty kóringenmen, biraq, artynan tez arada jana bir óris ashyp, qúlashtaryn tipti de alysqa sermedi, óz aldaryna basqalargha úqsamaytyn bólek bir әlem qalyptastyrdy. Kýngirt óleng aqyndaryn ish qústalyqtan, qagha beristen shúghylaly dýniyege barynsha ansary auyp talpynushylar desek te bolady.

Kýngirt óleng aqyndary atalghan jasampaz toptyng belgili qalyptasqan úiymdyq formasy bolmady, әri olar belgili kórkemdik ústanym men jasapmazdyq negizin kórsetetin ustap jariyalaghan emes. Degenmen kýngirt óleng turaly qoghamdaghy aitys-tartystar arqyly olardyng ruhany mәnin myna ýsh jaqtan kórsetuge bolady: Birinshi, Qoghamdy synau jәne qaranghy tústardy aiqara ashu; Ekinshi, qaranghylyqtan jaryqqa úmtylyp, sana men qon kýreskerlik beyne jóninde qaytalay oy jýgirtu, izdenu; Ýshinshi, «Adamgha» degen erekshe nazardy gumanistik túrghydan qalyptastyru.

«Pasyqtyq súrqiyalardyng jol haty,
Qasterlilik ardaqtylardyng qúlpytasy,
Qarashy, mynau altynmen aptalghan kenistikte,
Ólgenderding iyrelendegen kólenkesi qalqidy

Men saghan senbeytinimdi aitayyn, dýniye!
Sening tabanynnyng astynda myng sotanaq bolsa da,
Meni myng birinshi dep sana.
Men aspannyng kók ekenine senbeymin,
Men nayzaghaydyng janghyryq ekenine senbeymin,
Týsting jalghan ekenine senbeymin,
Ólimning jazasyz ekenine senbeymin.
Eger teniz sen bógetindi búzugha bekinsen,
Onda barlyq ashyndy mening jýregimning týbine sinir,
Eger qúrlyq sen kóterilging kelse,
Onda adamzatqa tirshilikting qúzyn qayta tandat», – Mine jogharydaghy shumaqtar Aqyn Byy Daudyng ólenderinen ýzindiler. Ólenderde ómirge, qoghamgha tipti qorshaghan barlyq dýniyege ashy zary bary angharylady, alayda, avtor ony basqa obyrazdarmen búlynghyr, kýngirt kýide beynelegen.

Kýngirt ólender sekseninshi jyldardyng sondarynan bastap Qytaydaghy Qazaqtyng jas aqyndaryna da yqpal etti. Ol turaly keyingi bir maqalalarymyzda taghy da toqtalatyn bolamyz. Tómende oqyrmandar nazaryna Kýngirt óleng aqyndarynan bir-eki ólenin úsynudy jón kórdim:

1. Byy Dau – shyn aty Jau Jynkay, 1949 jyly Beyjinde tuylghan, 1978 jyly Beyjinde «BÝGIN» atty әdeby jurnal shygharghan. 1987 jyldan bastap, Europa jәne soltýstik Amerika elderinde bolghan. Kóptegen halyqaralyq silyqtardyng iyegeri, shygharmalary otyz neshe tilge audarylghan. Qazir otbasymen Gan Kongte túrady, Amerika azamaty. Mynau «Shúghyla» jurnalynyng 2020 jylghy 12-sanynda audarylyp jariyalanghan bir óleni:

UAQYTTYNG RAUShAN GÝLI

Kýzetshi óli úiqygha shomghanda
Dauyl boran ekeuing syrt ainalyp kettinder
Ystyq qúshaq meyirinde qausaghany
uaqyttyng raushan gýli

Qústyng joly aiqyndaghanda aspandy
batqan kýnge qayyryla kóz sal sen
joghaludyng sol sәtinde kóriner
uaqyttyng raushan gýli

Semser suda jatqan kezde mayysyp
Sybyzghynyng ýnin taptap óte shyqtyng kópirden
qaskóilikting uytynan zar enirep jylaghan
uaqyttyng raushan gýli

Kókjiyekti syzyqtarmen syzghan kezde beynelep
shyghys dangharasy selk etkizip oyatqan-dy úiqynnan
Janghyryqqa terbelip sheshek atqan qúlpyra
uaqyttyng raushan gýli

Aynadaghy saghym mәngi osy sәt
Osy sәt al qayta oraludyng esigine aparar
ol esik tenizge qaray ashylghan
uaqyttyng raushan gýli.

2. Hay Zy – óz aty Cha Hayshyn, 1964 jyly 24-nauryzda Anhuy provonsiyasynyng Huayning audanynda tuylghan, 1978 jyly Byijing uniyversiytetine týsip, bitirgen son, Qytay sayasiy-zang uniyversiytetinde istegen. 1989 jyly 26-nauryzda 25 jasynda Shanhayguan manynda poyyz relisine ózin tastap ólgen. Ol 1982 jyldan bastap óleng jazghan Qytaydyng osyzamanghy talantty aqyny.

KÝN ShYQTY

Sheksiz baqyt tanghy kýnning shyqqanyn kóru.
Qaranghylyq jiyeginen oyanghan
altyn kýnmen kóterildi ensem de,
Úqsap tudym sýiikti ana otangha,
Qany tulap jatqan aghyp jýrektin,
Baqyttymyn eng kemi de,
Tolyq adam jәne sheksiz baqyttymyn dey alman,
Túnghiyq týn alastaldy kýn shyghyp,
Mening jәnnat, әsem ólkem túnshyghyp,
Sýrmeydi ómir jiyeginde týnektin.

Mamyrdyng biday atyzy
jaqyndarym әlemdegi,
Qúshaghynda jatyp biday atyzdyn
tórt qúbylam, bauyrlarym, jaqynym
eske alamyn ótkendi.
Jatqa soghyp әrkim óleng jyrlaryn
qúshaghynda, biday atyz ishinde.

Keyde jalghyz otyramyn atyzynda mamyrdyn
ansap jaqyndarymdy.
Qayranynda jatady malta tasy auyldyn,
Ymyrtty aspan
jer tósinde sherli auyldy qymtaghan,
Keyde jalghyz otyram da atyzynda damylsyz,
Bauyr ýshin jyr oqimyn elimnin
janarsyz hәm auyzsyz.

(Óleng Tasqyn Tórejanovtyng audarmasymen, "Qaratal" WeChat tekshesinen alyndy).

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