Manghystaudyng 360 әuliyesi bizding taqyrybymyzdaghy «Manghystau — qazaq eposyna negiz bolghan bastapqy orta» degen formulany bayansy eter kuәger bola ala ma? Eng qarapayym qisyn boyishsha, meyling 360 әulie bolsyn, meyling 100 ne 1000 әulie bolsyn, sol әuliyelerding ar jaghynda bizge beymәlim realdyng týrghany aqiqat qoy. Mine, sol әuliyeler elsiz jerlerde tentirep jýre bermegen shyghar, yaghny olardyng diny ýgit jýrgizui ýshin adam ortasynyng boluy, adamdardyng әldebir sanynyng boluy shart. Sondyqtan әuliyeler geografiyasy da belgili bir dengeyde adamdardyng Manghystau men Ýstirtti, olargha irgeles aimaqtardy birshama tyghyz qonystanghandyghyn kórsete alar qosalqy empirikalyq fakt bolyp sanalady. Qalay bolghanda da din mәselesi bizding taqyrybymyz ýshin qajet, onyng ýstine jyrlarda kezdesetin Baba týkti, Qaraman, Omar baba siyaqty kisi esimderi Manghystau topyraghynda toponimder sipatynda saqgalyp otyrghany aqiqat qoy.

Qazaq degenimiz — islamnyng sufiylik jәne hanifalyq aghymy men qypshaqtanyp ketken ejelgi Vara-Ýrym iydeyasynyng bir ruhany arnagha toghysuynan shyqqan pende.

Manghystaudyng 360 әuliyesi bizding taqyrybymyzdaghy «Manghystau — qazaq eposyna negiz bolghan bastapqy orta» degen formulany bayansy eter kuәger bola ala ma? Eng qarapayym qisyn boyishsha, meyling 360 әulie bolsyn, meyling 100 ne 1000 әulie bolsyn, sol әuliyelerding ar jaghynda bizge beymәlim realdyng týrghany aqiqat qoy. Mine, sol әuliyeler elsiz jerlerde tentirep jýre bermegen shyghar, yaghny olardyng diny ýgit jýrgizui ýshin adam ortasynyng boluy, adamdardyng әldebir sanynyng boluy shart. Sondyqtan әuliyeler geografiyasy da belgili bir dengeyde adamdardyng Manghystau men Ýstirtti, olargha irgeles aimaqtardy birshama tyghyz qonystanghandyghyn kórsete alar qosalqy empirikalyq fakt bolyp sanalady. Qalay bolghanda da din mәselesi bizding taqyrybymyz ýshin qajet, onyng ýstine jyrlarda kezdesetin Baba týkti, Qaraman, Omar baba siyaqty kisi esimderi Manghystau topyraghynda toponimder sipatynda saqgalyp otyrghany aqiqat qoy.

Qazaq degenimiz — islamnyng sufiylik jәne hanifalyq aghymy men qypshaqtanyp ketken ejelgi Vara-Ýrym iydeyasynyng bir ruhany arnagha toghysuynan shyqqan pende.

14 ghasyr — Daladaghy diny ózgeristerding zamany boldy. Ózbek han týsynda islamnyng memlekettik din retinde qabyldanuy 14 ghasyrdan bergi Dalanyng ruhany jәne diny kelbetining jasala bastauyna negiz boldy. Búl dәuir — býrynghy diny pluralizm men býgingi bir ghana islamdyq senimning arasyndaghy ólara, auyspaly kezeng edi. Sondyqtan Manghystaudy meken etken esen-qazaqtar arasynda islamnyng sunnittik, shiittik, sufiylik aghymdaryn taratushy uaghyzshy mashayyqtardyng boluymen qatar, ejelgi dalalyq senimdi ústanghandardyng da, hristiandyqtyng qarabayyr týrin saqtaghandardyng da, baqsylar men duashylardyng da bolghandyghyn bajaylaugha bolady. Tek san aluan dindi ústanghandardyng ózara mólsherining qanday bolghanyn aita saludyng reti kelmes. Eng bastysy — osylardyng qay-qaysysy bolmasyn ómirlik quaty joghary, belsendiligi, onyng ishinde shygharmashylyq belsendiligi de joghary, kýshti, yaghny passionarlyq koeffisiyenti joghary adamdardyng kóp bolghandyghynda kýmәnimiz jok.

«Ózbekhandy 1321 jyly mýsylman dinine qabyldaghan, oghan Súltan Múhammed Ózbek degen jana at bergen Shash týbinde jerlengen Zengi-atanyng shәkirti Seyit-ata atanyp ketken sheyh Ahmet bolsa kerek delinedi. Al 1360 jyldary Altyn Ordany biylegen Áziz handy músylmandyqqa Ahmet Yassauiyding tura túqymy Mahmud Yassauy qabyldapty. Búdan biz Altyn Ordagha múylmandyqty taratuda da Týrkistannyng yqpaly men Yassauiyding jolyn quushylardyng asa zor manyz atqarghanyn kóremiz. Biraq Altyn Orda biyleushileri búl mәselelerdi, bir jaghynan, Deshti qypshaq pen Aq Ordany qoldan shygharyp almau, ekinshi jaghynan, Shaghatay úlysyn da óz qol astyna qaratu maqsatymen qatar qarastyrghangha úqsaydy. Sondyqtan da jergilikti separatizmge qarsy kýres kezinde kóshpelilerding nanymdyq dәstýrine shabuyl jasau da oryn almay qalmaghan. Mәselen, Ózbek han túsynda baqsylar, sonyng ishinde Qorqyt jolyn ústanushylar da qudalanugha úshyraghan» *. Tarihy qisyn naq osynday damu jolyn kórsetedi. Osynday jaghdayda resmy islam Saray, Sarayshyq, Qazan siyaqty ortalyqtaghy qalalarda ýstemdikke shyqsa, baqsylyq ta, basqa da, islamnyng oppozisiyalyq-dәruishtik aghymdary Altyn Orda imperiyasynyng shetkeri aimaqtarynda, eng aldymen Manghystau men Ýstirtte, qoghamdyq shettetilgender sanatyndaghy esen-qazaqtar arasynda keninen taraluy da qisyndy bolmaq.

Áuliyelerding alghashqy úrpaqtary negizinen Qoja Ahmet Yassauy obrazymen baylanystyrylghandyghyn jóne Aral-Hasarly aimaghyndaghy ekinshi әuliyelik arealdyng bolghandyghyn biz ózimizding «Manghystau men Ýstirtting kiyeli oryndary» degen kitabymyzda aityp óttik.

Atalmysh aimaqqa Batys Qazaqstannyng tórt oblysy, Qaraqalpaqstan, Týrikpenning Oq-Balqany siyaqty aimaqtardy qamtityn ýlken kenistigi kiredi. Búlar, eng aldymen, — Manghystaudyng 360 әuliyesi, sonday-aq Ýstirttin, Jyloy men Shaghyroy-Borsyqqúmnyn, Saghyzdyng әuliyeleri. Osy jaqtyng rularyn da, әuliyelerin de Qoja Ahmetpen baylanystyru tarihi-uaqyttyq túrghydan shartty týrde bolyp sanalady, yaghny osy ólkedegi Shopan-atalar men Esen-atalar Qoja Ahmetting ilimdik shәkirti, jolyn quushy bolghanymen, onyng zamandasy, tikeley ózinen dәris alghan shәkirti bola qoyy kýmәndi. Tarihy qisyn olardy 14-15-ghasyrlardyng adamdary ekendigin kórsetedi. Olar 14 ghasyrdaghy Daladaghy qypshaq tildi dýniyening jappay islam dinin qabylday bastauymen baylanysty din uaghyzdaushylar bolyp shyghady.

Osy әuliyeli arealdy qalyptastyrushylar turaly anyzdardyng ynghayyna qarap biz 14 ghasyrda Týrkistan aimaghynan Yassauiylik diny uaghyzshylardyng legi Ózbek han biylegen, islamnyng resmy týrde memlekettik din dep jariyalanghan túsynda Aral-Hasarly aimaghyna qaptap kele bastaghandyghyn bayqaymyz. Yaghny eger 14 ghasyrdyng basynda yassauiylik-sopylyq, hanifalyq dinning basty ordasy Qaratau-Núratau aimaghy ghana bolsa, 14 ghasyrdyng ortasynda osy ortalyqtyng yqpalymen taghy bir yassauiylik areal Batys Qazaqstanda payda boldy.

Týrkistan-Qaratau aimaghyndaghy Baba Týkti Shashty әziz, Qoshqar-ata, Shopan-ata siyaqty әuliyelerding ekinshileri nemese «kopiyalarynyn» Manghystauda, Jem-Saghyzda, Borsyqqúmda payda boluy, yaghny osy ónirlerde de Baba Týkti Shashty әziz, Shopan-ata, Qoshqar-atalardyng payda boluy osynday «әuliyeler eksporty» bolghandyghyn kórsetedi. Yaghny 1300 j. Týrkistan-Núratau aimaghynda shoghyrlanghan sopylyq toptardyng (diny ordenderdin) bir bóligi Ózbek hannyng Altyn Ordadaghy jappay islamdandyru sayasatyna say erkindikti paydalanyp Batys Qazaqstangha aghylghan. Olar ózderining kelgen jerindegi diniy-úiymdyq ataularyn ala kelgen. Mәselen, Sozaq audanyndaghy Baba Týkti Shashty әziz әuliyening jay ghana molasynan basqa, 14 ghasyrda osynda sopylyq-dәruishtik úiym boldy dep esepter bolsaq, onda naq osy úiymnyng sopylary Manghystaudyng Sazdy-Ýshtaghan jerine kelip, taghy bir Baba Týkti Shashty әziz úiymyn (mazhab, mektep, t. b) ashuy әbden mýmkin jәne isting qisyny osyghan keledi.

Týrkistan aimaghyndaghy Qoshqar-ata men manghystaulyq Qoshqar-ata, Bayghanin audanyndaghy Qoshqar-atalar arasynda, týrkistandyq Shopan-ata men manghystaulyq Shopan-ata, týrkistandyq Shaqpaq-ata men manghystaulyq Shaqpaq-ata, týrkistandyq Baba Týkti, Shashty ana, Týkti atalar men aqtóbelik Alyp ana, Týkti atalar arasynda da osynday «әuliyelik eksport» bolghan synayly. Manghystau týbegindegi 360 әuliyening kópshiligi de osy týrkistan-núratalyq sopylyq dәruishterge qatysty deuge negiz bar, al osy týbektegi kóne keruen joldyng boyynda jatqan Senek auyly men Ontýstik Qazaqstandaghy tarihy Syghanaq qalasy attarynyng arasynda da osynday baylanys bar dep shamalaugha bolady. Senek toponiymining bir kezderi Syghanaq dep atalu yqtimaldyghy bar (Senek > Sanaq > Saanaq > Saghanaq > Syghanaq), al týrkistandyq zertteushi Ábilasan Ábilhannyng syghun sózining «әuliye» degen mәnge ie bolu mýmkindigin jazghanyna qarap osy ataudy (Syghanaqty) 14 ghasyrda sopy dәruishterining әddebir toby paydalanuy әbden mýmkin dey alamyz. Yaghny 1320-50 jj. aralyghynda Týrkistan aimaghynan, Syghanaqtan shyqqan din taratushylar toby Manghystaudaghy bir jerge kelip, keyin sol jer «Syghanaq» (Senek) dep atalyp ketken de shyghar, kim boljap kóripti ony...

Osynday әuliyelik eksport nemese әuliyelik sabaqtastyq qazaq dalasyndaghy islam dinining is jýzinde bir ortalyqtan tarap, bir ruhany qaynardan bastau alatyndyghyn kórsetedi. Osyny tolyqtyra týsuge mýmkindik bar, tek ol ýshin bes oblys jerindegi barlyq kiyeli oryn turaly mәlimet jýieli týrde jinaqtalynuy tiyis. Tek sonda ghana grek-riym, qytay, arab-parsy, orys jazba qújattarymen qatar 14-15 ghasyrlardaghy qazaq dalasynyng kómeski tarihynyng jýrek soghysyn bayqatar qosymsha ghylymy empirikalyq derekkóz ashylghan bolar edi. Eng bastysy, osynday әuliyelik sabaqtastyqty barynsha dәleldi kórsetu arqyly naq 14-15 ghasyrlarda bastalghan «qazaq» degen at astynda jiyla, qauymdasa bastau, yaghny etnogenez prosesining basty komponenti bolghan sopylyq, hanifalyq islamnyng taralu marshrutyn aiqyn kórgendey bolamyz.

Teristiginde Qobda-Elek, kýngeyinde Ýstirtting ontýstik ernegine deyingi aralyqta, býgingi Atyrau, Aqtóbe, Manghystau oblystarynyng siyrek qonystanghan ónirlerinde orta ghasyrlar týnghiyghyna ketetin әuliyeli nemese kiyeli oryndar nazar audarugha túrarlyq tarihy jәdigerlikter qataryna jatady. Ádette, olardyng mәdeniy-tarihy qúndylyghy bizding ghalymdar arasynda negizinen tek sәulettik-beyneleu sipatymen ghana eseptelinedi. Búl qazaq adamy ghylymyna tәn kәduilgi qyrsyzdyq pa, әlde jay ghana biliksizdik pe? — әiteuir jaghday osynday bolyp otyr. Al eger әuliyeli oryn bir tómpeshikting ýstindegi jay ghana tas ýiindisi men oghan qystyrylghan qaraghash dingegi bolsa she? Búl jaghdayda arheolog ta, sәuletshi de ony tarihy eskertkish qataryna qospasy anyq. Osynday qarapayym әuliyeli oryndar qazaq dalasynyng týpkir-týpkirinde jýzdep, myndap kezdesetindigi anyk, tek olardy týgendep, nasihattap jatqanymyz shamaly.

Áuliyeler men olardyng molalarynyng naqty jer betinde kezdesui, yaghny býgingi el az qonystanghan aimaqtardyng bir túsynda az bolyp, endi bir tústarynda shoghyrlanyp kórsetilui — bir kezderi sol jerlerde halyqtyng edәuir tyghyz konystanghandyghyn, osy jerde kyzu ómir qaynap jatqandyghyn kórsetetin aighaq bolyp tabylady. Osynday nysandardy kartagha týsirsek, osynday shoghyrlanudyng Ortalyq Manghystaudan basqa Jem boyynda, Aqtóbe-Yrghyz aralyghynda, Shaghyroy-Borsyqqúm ónirinde ekendigin kórer edik.

Osy atalghan aimaqtarda, әsirese býgindegi adam ómir sýruge eng qolaysyz aimaqtar qataryna jatatyn Beyneu, Bayghanin audandarynyng ózensiz, kólsiz esiz dalalarynyng bir kezderi eldi (jәne molaly) júrt bolghandyghyn bayqaugha bolady. Al búl qay kez degen saualgha jauap izder bolsaq, negizi tarihiy-geografiyalyq kórsetkishter (daladaghy islam dinining eng kýshti әri tez taraghan uaqyty, daladaghy ylghaldyq jetkilikti bolghan kezeni, anyzdar men jyrdyng janama mәlimetindegi uaqyt auqymy, naqty tarihy derekter) bizge 14 ghasyrdy, Altyn Ordada Ózbek han men onyng úly Jәnibekting ( Áz Jәnibektin) biylik qúrgan (1312—1357 jj.) zamanyn kórsetip bere alady. Atalghan kórsetkishterding bir-birine sәikes keletin uaqyty da osy tús.

*Kekilbayúly Á. Týrkistan taghlymy // "Egemen Qazaqstan" gazeti. 2000. 12 sәuir.

Maqala Serikbol Qondybaydyng «Esen-qazaq»  (Esen-qazaq «Arys» baspasy, 2006 jyl. Almaty)  kitabynan alyndy. 33-37 better.

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