Halyq danalyghynda: «Bes sausaq birdey emes», «Bes sausaqtay bilemin», «Bes sausaqtay biledi eken» degen sóz tirkesi jii aitylady. Bataly sózderde «Besting basy bol!», «Bes sausaq birikse júdyryq bolady»  dep jatady.

Kәzirgi tanda oqymaghan, sauatsyz adam joq. Júmysshy, qúrylysshy, satushydan bastap kez kelgen mamandyq iyelerining qaltalarynda qos-qostan diplom jýr. Ókinishtisi dala jaylap, tau kezip mal sonynda jýrgen baghzy babalarymyzdyng bilgenin kәzirgiler bile bermeydi. Bes sausaqtyng dene mýshesi retinde qalay atalatynyn  aita almaytyndardy kýn sayyn kezdestirip jýrmin desem artyq emes. «Bes sausaqty atay alasyz ba?» degen súraqqa beretin jauaptary:

Bas barmaq,

balaly ýirek,

ortan terek,

shyldyr shýmek,

kishkentay bóbek, - dep aitylatyn «Quyrmash» ólenining joldary. Búl ataular dene mýshesi emes. Bir ghajaby adam dene mýshesining 460- tan artyq atauy bar eken. Tóbedegi oraydan bastap, baqayymyzdyng úshyna deyingi barlyq buyn men sýiek qyrtystarynyng atauy bar.  Ol bólek әngime.

Bes sausaqtyng atalu joldaryn internet jelilerinen de tintip shyqtym. Barlyq jerde osy tórt shumaq óleng aitylady. Bala tәrbiyesinde, әsirese balabaqshalar men bastauysh mektepting oqushylaryna taptyrmaytyn tәrbie qúraly osy bes sausaq. Halyq danalyghynda bes sausaqtyng atauy:

1. Bas barmaq

2. Súq sausaq

3. Ortanghy sausaq

4. Aty joq sausaq

5. Shynashaq

Bas barmaq -  bas barmaqsyz basqa sausaqtardyng bir isti atqaruy mýmkin emes. Sondyqtan әrqashan da kez kelgen iste bas barmaq basshylyq jasaydy. Bas barmaq basshymyn dep ózgelerden joghary túrghan joq. Yaghny kez kelgen otada, újymda, synypta bas barmaqqa layyq adamdar bar. Bir jasqy isti kórgende, bireuge rizashylyq bildirgende bas barmaghymyzdy shoshaytyp kórsetemiz. Nege kórsetetinimizge mәn bermeymiz. Áleumettik jelilerde de bas barmaqtyng suretin súrap (layk) әbigerge týsemiz. Onyng mәnisi – bas barmaqtyng kóshbasshy bola aluy, onsyz  ózge sausaqtardyng bir isti atqaruy mýmkin emes  ekendigining dәleli ghoy.

Súq sausaq – sausaqtardyng ishinde ózgeden búryn súqtanyp, bireulerdi kórsetuge әuestenip, belsendilik kórsetip túratyn sauasaq. Sondyqtan bireudi «Sen» dep súq sausaghyndy shoshaytyp kórsetkende ózge ýsh sausaq: «Ózing kimsin?»  dep ózindi kórsetip túrady. Bireuge kinә taghyp kórseterde aldymen ózindi tekser! Bireudi kórsetuge layyqsyng ba? Ózinde min joq pa? Oilan! Sondyqtan da dala danyshpandary atalghan baba mektebi: «Súq sausaghyndy shoshaytyp bireudi jazghyrma!», «Aygha súq sausaghyndy shoshaytpa!», «Ziratty sausaghynmen kórsetpe!» dep tyiym salghan. Áleumettik jelilerden kýnde kórip jýrgenimizdey bireuding qylt etken kemshiligin jerden altyn tapqanday sausaghyn shoshayta masqaralap jatatyndar aldymen ózderining bireudi kórsetuge layyq emes ekenine mәn bermeydi.

Ortanghy sausaq – ózgeden  joghary, erekshe sausaq. Bir adamnyng jaqsylyghyn kórgende «Ortanghy qolday eken» dep maqtaghan. Ortanghy qolda sabyrlyq ta, salmaqtylyq ta, tәkәpparlyq ta bar. Osynyng barlyghyn tal boyyna syighyzyp әr nәrseni óz ornynda qoldana alady.

Aty joq sausaq – búl sausaqtyng aty joq bolyp ataluynyng mәni zor. Dәrigerler adam organiyziminen qan taldau alghanda nege tek osy sausaqtan alady? Óitkeni búl sausaq adam organiyzimindegi ózgeristerdi aldymen sezetin sezimtal sausaq. Sezim ataulynyng barlyq kilti osy sausaqta bolady. Sondyqtan qan taldauyn osy sausaqtan alady.  Dala mektebining danyshpandary, babalarymyz  adam boyyndaghy syrqatty anyqtau ýshin osy sausaqtyng tyrnaghyn basyp tekseretin bolghan. Syrqattyng syryn osydan angharghan. Jas júbaylar otau qúrghanda neke jýzigin osy aty joq sausaqqa kiyzitetin sebebi de, sezimning nýktesi osy sausaqta ornalasqan.  Sezim sausaghy bolghandyqtan búl sausaqqa «eshtenege teng kelmeytin aty joq sausaq» dep ataghan. Al, adamdar arasynda da eshqanday ataq-danqqa ilinbey, aiqaylap, mardymsymay tauday talantyn arqalap jýrgender az emes.

Shynashaq – qazaqta «shynashaqtay eken» degen úghym bar. Ol «kishkentay» degen sózdi bildiredi. Ár ortada ózgelerding sonynan erip jýretin bir shynashaq bar. Onyng ózindik pikiri bolmaydy, eshkimge ziyany da joq, paydasy da joq, óz kózqarasy ortaq, kópshilikke baghynyp solardyng sonynan eruge dayyn meyirimdi, kishpeyil jandar.

Mine, bes sausaqtyng tәrbiyesi! Ózin-ózi tanu dәrisi, balany besikten tәrbiyeleu bes sausaqtan bastalu kerek. «bes sausaqtay biledi eken» degen tәmsil de osy. «Balany aqyryp ýiretpe, aqyryn ýiret!» degen babalarymyz bes sausaqpen bala tәrbiyelegen. Oghan dәlel «Sanamaq», Quyr-quyr quyrmash», bes sausaqqa baylanysty maqal-mәtel, júmbaqtar.

Bes adam bir esekke mingesip jýr,
Mingesse de talay jermen tildesip jýr.  (Bes sausaq)

Bir bútaqtyng basynda bes sauysqan,
Bes sauysqan basyna tas jabysqan.  (Bes sausaq, tyrnaq)

Maqal-mәtelderde: «Bes sausaq birdey emes», «Sausaq birikpey, iyne ilikpeydi».

Mektep joq, teatr joq, televizor, týrli әleumettik jelilir damymaghan uaqytta babalarymyz balalardy shamnyng jaryghymen sausaqtarymen qabyrghagha әrtýrli beyneler kórsetu  oiyndary arqyly kólenkeli teatr jasay bilgen. Sausaq qimyldarynyng nәtiyjesinde sóileu mýshelerin baqylaytyn bastaghy my qyrtystary bir-birine jaqyn ornalasqandyqtan balanyng tili jetiledi, qimyl – qozghalysy, iykemdiligi  artady. Qisyndy oilauy damyp, tanymdyq dengeyi ósedi. Sausaq jattyghulary este saqtau jәne nazar audaru qabiletin damytady. Balanyng sóileu yrghaghyn, leksikasyn qalyptasuyna kómektesedi. Balalardyng sóileu qúzyrettiligi joghary dengeyde qalyptasuy úsaq motorika tәsilderi men  qimyly damidy. Sausaq qimyldary arqyly jýike, my qyrtysyna impulis jiberedi de, sóileu aimaqtaryn belsendirip, dúrys aityluyn qalyptastyrady.

Ata- babalarymyz  sausaqtaryn ólsheu qúraly retinde de paydalanghan. Eli, tútam, synyq sýiem, sýiem, kere qarys, qarys sýiem, bilem, shyntaq, kez, qúlash ólshemderin anyqtaghan.

Ókinishtisi búl ataular kәzirgi til qoldanysynda auyldy jerlerding kónekózderi bolmasa, mýlde siyrek aitylady.

Abaydyng «Ghylym tappay maqtanba» ólenindegi bes asyl is pen bes dúshpan, Shәkәrimning bes saualy bas sausaqpen baylanysyp airyqsha filosofiyalyq oigha jeteleydi.

Abaydyng tolyq adam ilimine say bes ósiyet:

1. Árqashan saq jýr.

2. Jaugha iyilme.

3. Ósekke erme.

4. Ótirik aitpa.

5. Aryndy satpa.

Adamnyng bes qasiyeti dep tómendegi erekshelikterdi ataymyz.

Shynshyl bolu – kez kelgen mәselede aqiqatty ústanu. «Shyndyq shynghyryp kelgenshe, ótirik tórge ozady».

Sertte túru – adamdyq  mindetke say kez kelgen mәselede óz ortana senimdi, sertke berik bolu adamdyqtyng belgisi.

Tereng aqyl iyesi bolu – tereng aqyl iyesi bola otyryp, shiyelenisken mәselede dúrys sheshim qabyldau. Boykýiezdik, qyzbalyq nemese qabiletsizdik adamdyqqa tәn qasiyetter emes.

Kýnәgha baspau - taqualyqtary joghary dengeyde bolyp, ashyq ya bolmasa jasyryn kýnә jasaudan qorghalu kerek. Beyәdep әri opasyzdyq sekildi kez kelgen kýnәli isterden alshaq bolghan abzal.

Qyzmetinde adal bolu – әr adam ózderine mindettelgen isti qalay kelgen bolsa, dәl sol qalpynda qauymgha ainytpay jetkizip otyru adaldyqtyng belgisi. Abaysha aitqanda «asyl adam ainymaydy».

Atalghan barlyq payghambarlar jogharyda keltirilgen bes qasiyetke ie bolghan. Boyynan osy qasiyetter tabylmaghan jan, adamzatqa jol kórsetushi әri qaranghylyq túmanyn serpushi bola almaytynyn bilemiz. Al, bizding mindetimiz bolsa payghambarlardy tanyp, olargha iman keltiru.

Bes jaratylys – Kýn, jer, aua, su, ot.

Qazaqta «Beseneden belgili» degen tәmsil bar. Ómir sýrudyng adamgha qajet bes jaratylysy.

Kýn – bizge eng jaqyn júldyz jәne onyng kóptegen qúpiyalary bar. Kýn jýiesining ortasyn qúraytyn jәne jerge jaqyn júldyz - búl kýn. Kýnning arqasynda bizding planeta energiyany jaryq pen jylu týrinde bere alady. Dәl osy júldyz әr týrli klimattyq jaghdaylardy, múhit aghystary men jyl mezgilderin shygharady. Basqasha aitqanda, búl kýn tirshilik etu ýshin qajetti negizgi jaghdaylardy qamtamasyz etetindikten. Kýnning sipattamalary erekshe jәne onyng ónimdiligi óte qyzyqty.

Jer – bizdi qorshaghan orta, bizding ómir sýrip jatqan planeta. Jerding litosferasy qabaty ýnemi qozghalysta bolady. Sonyng qozghalys әserinen týrli qaqtyghys kezinde jerding tektonikalyq plitalary ajyrap, jel silkinisi oryn alady.

Aua – adam ómir sýre almaytyn tirshilik kózi.  Biz tynys almay birneshe minut ghana jýre alamyz. Sondyqtan, ottegi turaly faktilerdi oqu, siz ýshin paydaly.

Ot – ómirimizge quat berip, boyymyzdy jylytady. Ot – ómir sәni. Otsyz tirshilik joq. Ot jaghylmasa tamaq pispeydi, ýy jylymaydy.Ot qalay payda boldy?

Erte zamanda alghashqy adamdar otty paydalanudy nayzaghaydan týsken ottan ýirendi. Sol nayzaghaydan týsken otty sóndirmey paydalandy. Barlyghy ang aulaugha ketkende, bir adam ot basynda qalatyn bolghan. Tamaqty pisirip jeudi de nayzaghay otynyng astynda qalghan etten bayqaghan.Ot astynda qalghan et shiyki etten dәmdirek ekenin bayqap, asty pisirip jeudi ýirengen. Sol zamannan –aq ottyng óte manyzdy ekenin angharamyz.

Ot – órisi keng týbir. Endi osy «ot» týbirine baylanysty sózderdi tersek: otaghasy, otau,otarba. Yaghny múnnan shyghatyn nәrse –«ot» sózi jylylyqtyng belgisi ispettes.

Su – planetadaghy eng qarapayym jәne eng tanymal zat. Biraq sonymen birge, suda kóptegen qúpiyalar jasyrynyp jatyr. Su – tirshilikting negizi. Barlyq tiri januarlar men ósimdikter sudan túrady. Sonyng ishinde januarlar – 75%, balyq – 75%, meduza – 99%, kartop – 76%, alma – 85%, qyzanaq – 90%, qiyar –  95 %, qarbyz – 96%. Tipti adamdar da sudan túrady. Jana tughan nәrestening denesining 86% -y su bolsa, egde jastaghy adamdardikinde 50% -gha deyin su bolady. Eger adam dene massasyndaghy sudyng 2%-yn joghaltsa, onda ol qatty shóldey bastaydy.  Adam susyz ómir sýre almaydy.  Eger ol 10 payyzgha deyin jogharylasa, adamnyng kózine týrli nәrseler elestey bastaydy, yaghny gallusinasiya bastalady. Al 12%-yn joghaltsa adam dәrigerding kómeginsiz qalpyna kele almaydy. Eger, dene massasyndaghy sudyng 20%-yn joghaltsa adam óledi.

Almahan Múhametqaliqyzy

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