XX ghasyrdyng әdebiyetinde poeziya men poeziyatanuda jetistikke qatar jetken aqyndar sausaqpen sanarlyqtay ghana. IY.Brodskiy әne solardyng biri. IY.Brodskiy aldymen aqyndyghymen kózge týsti, sonynan synshy bolyp tanyldy, tipti aqyrynda aqyndyghyn synshylyghy basyp ozdy. Ony búghan sýiregen dýrbelenge toly ómiri men taghdyry deuge bolady.

XX ghasyrdyng әdebiyetinde poeziya men poeziyatanuda jetistikke qatar jetken aqyndar sausaqpen sanarlyqtay ghana. IY.Brodskiy әne solardyng biri. IY.Brodskiy aldymen aqyndyghymen kózge týsti, sonynan synshy bolyp tanyldy, tipti aqyrynda aqyndyghyn synshylyghy basyp ozdy. Ony búghan sýiregen dýrbelenge toly ómiri men taghdyry deuge bolady.

1972 jyly Kenes ýkimeti kóshede ketip bara jatqan IY.Brodskiydi tarpa bas salyp ústap, úshaqqa salyp Venanyng mәlim bir әuejayyna laqtyryp jibergen. Sodan ol kelesi kýnning keshinde sonda kózi tiri, aghylshyn tilinde jazatyn danqy jer jarghan aqyn U.Autonnyng (1907 — 1973) qarsy aldynda otyrady. U.Auton onyng AQSh-qa baryp taban tireuine jol qarastyrady. IY.Brodskiydi qoltyqtay jýrip Londonda ótken qalamgerlerding halyqaralyq basqosuyna qatysady. Tilshiler sonda «әdebiyetshilerding halyqaralyq ýlken kezdesuinde U.Auton júrttyng nazaryn ózine emes, qasyna ertip jýrgen IY.Brodskiyge audardy. Sol ortada júrt kóp júldyzdyng ishinde sholpanday jarqyraghan IY.Brodskiydi kórdi» dep jazdy. U.Auton onymen qoymay, IY.Brodskiyding jaryq kóruge tiyis jyr jinaghyna alghysóz jazbaqshy bolady (búghan deyin ol Kenes odaghynda aidauda jýrgen IY.Brodskiyding batys elderinde alghash aghylshyn tilinde jaryq kórgen jyr kitabyna alghysóz jazghan bolatyn.) Kóp jyldardan keyin osy turaly sóz bolghanda IY.Brodskiyding «danyqty aqynnyng balapan jyrdyng iyesi — mening ólenderime alghysóz jazyp berui әbestik bolar edi. Sәtin salghanda men oghan jol bermedim» degen.

Osylaysha U.Autonnyng kýsh sala qoldauy, kenestik jýiege qarsy ónimdi júmys istey bastaghan Batys dýniyesining múryndyq boluymen IY.Brodskiy ózi aitqanday «erkin tynystaytyn aghylshyn tili men AQSh tólqújatynyng iyesi» bolyp shygha keledi. Biraz zertteushiler IY.Brodskiy, mine, osy sәtten bastap synshy bolyp qayta tudy dep qaraydy. Aytsa aitqanday, 1972 jylgha deyin aqyn jalpy órkeniyetter men mәdeniyetter turaly, Batystyng ýlken aqyndary, aitalyq, T.S.Eliot, R.Frost, t.b. turaly arnau óleng jazsa, keyin batysqa barghan song poeziyanyng tәbighatyna jәne U.Autondy qamtyghan jogharyda aty atalghan aqyndardyng shygharmashylyghy turaly tereng tolghap, atyn әlemge tanytqan syn maqalalar jazdy.

Batysqa barghan song IY.Brodskiy ólenderin kóptegen tilge audartyp jaryqqa shyghardy. Sonyng ishinde aghylshyn tilinde jaryq kórgen «Tilding bólshegi» (A Part of  Speech. 1977j.) jinaghyn erekshe ataugha bolady. Osy kitap ony aghylshyn tilinde sóileytin elderge aqyn retinde tanytty. Kitapta dәl jinaqpen attas «Tilding bólshegi» degen óleng bar. Qytay tiline audarylghan ólendi qazaqshalasaq bylay bolyp shyghady.

«Seleu men jusannyng basyn jel sýzgen, tatarlardyng atynyng túyaghy dýbirlegen sayyn dala, sen maghan jat emessin. Jazylghan týkti kilemdey, kóz jetkisiz kókjiyekke deyin býrkelgen dalanyng qyzghylt reni, japyraqtar maghan óz qanyna boyalghan bayaghy hanzadany elestetedi. Janbyr tóbeden jaughan qisapsyz jebedey tógilude. Shaghyn aghash ýiding qabyrghalary jauynda qaqyrap aiyrylatynday ýn qatady. Qaytqan qazdyng gakuine ýn qosyp altyn kýz osylaysha jas tógedi. Tóbedegi terezeden kók aspangha kóz tastaymyn. Qúlaghyma bayaghynyng asqaq әueni keledi. ol mening dalany qangha boyaghan soghysty ansaghanym emes, qayta qazaqtar ardaqtaghan esimning bir últtyng úranyna ainalghan ruhtyng tamaghyna tyghylghanynan dep bilgeysin».

Ólennen sayyn dala, tatarlardyng atynyng dýbiri, dalanyng sirkiregen jauyny, qanqyldaghan qazdyng ýni («qazaq» degen at «qaz» degen sózden keldi dep jatamyz), aqyn maqtanyshpen auyzgha alghan qazaqtyng júmbaq ruhy (úrany) kezigedi. Osydan song oigha «IY.Brodskiymen qazaq baylanysa ma?» degen súraqtyng tuyndaytyny belgili. Jogharydaghy óleng aqyn men qazaqtyng baylanysatynyn anghartady. IY.Brodskiyding ómirinen az habary bar adam onyng Anna Ahmatovamen tyghyz baylanysta bolghanyn bilse kerek. Aqyn әkeli-balaly Gumiylevterdi, olardyng enbekterin, Ortalyq Aziyanyng ótken tarihyn jaqsy bilgen. Odan qalsa, IY.Brodskiy 1955 jyly oqudan qol ýzgenen keyin, bir mezgil ken barlaushylardyng qatarynda júmys istegen, naqtylap aitqanda, uran izdeushilermen birge kenes elining biraz jerin sharlap shyqqan. Búl kezeng Qanysh Sәtbaevtyng qazaq topyraghyndaghy ken baylyghyn kartagha týsirgen kezine túspa-tús keledi. Mýmkin, IY.Brodskiy júmys istegen top uran izdep, býginde osy element shyghyp jatqan bizding baytaq Saryarqanyng tósine de tabany tiregen shyghar. Búghan endi naqty jauapty әdebiyet tarihyn zertteushiler beruge tiyis.

Bizdi oilantatyny, ólenning neni menzegeni bolyp otyr. Meninshe, óleng dýniyeni dýr silkindirip, әlemdi boysyndyrghan Shynghys han jәne onyng eshteneden qaymyqpaytyn, tipti әkesi Shynghys hannyng ózinen de yqpaghan, týrki taypalarynan qúralghan júrttyng ensesin kóterip, óz aldyna eldik tuyn tikken, eki ghasyrdan song qazaq degen tútas bir halyqqa memleket bolugha jol salghan Joshy han turaly aitady. Osydan keyin IY.Brodskiyding qazaq dalasynda bolghanyna, Joshy hannyng kýn qaqtaghan mazaryna qarap túryp, úly tarih turaly oigha ketkenine tolyq senesin. Týp-tamyryn, tegin baghalaytyn, sodan tuyndaghan bostandyq ruhy jolynda eshtenemen eseptesip jatpaghan hanzadany ólenge qosu arqyly aqyn óz taghdyryn, alyp imperiyalardyng mýddesining aldynda qashanda qúrbandyqqa shalynyp kete beretin kishi halyqtardyng tarihyndaghy әste úmytpaugha tiyisti úlylyqty jyrlaghan.  Kenes qoghamynda jasaghan evrey últynyng bir mýshesi retinde IY.Brodskiy az halyqtardyng tartqan taqsyretin kimene bolsa da artyq bildi. «Men 7 jasymda ózimning evrey ekenimdi sezdim. Sabaqtastarym sezdirdi» dep jazady aqyn. Ózining «ózge» ekening sezgenen keyin kóp adamdar baryn salyp osy «ózge» boludan qútyludyng jolyn izdeydi. Kenes qoghamynda basym sandaghy evreyler de, qazaqtar da, basqalar da solay istegen (Byaghy F.Fanon aitqan «qazir, men barlyq jaghynan aq tәndi siyaqty sauattymyn, shirkin, terim aq bolyp qalsashy!» dep auyryp qalatyn kónil-kýi). Alayda, IY.Brodskiy jogharydaghy týsinikten mýlde basqasha kózqaras ústanady. Kýshtilerding aldynda býgejekteme, qayta ózinning «ózge» ekenindi sezin, býginge deyin qanynda oinaghan ruhyndy, tegindi úmytpa, sonymen maqtana bil deydi ol. Búl oiynan IY.Brodskiy, tipti AQSh-ta ómir sýrip, erkindikke shyqqanan keyin de ainymaghan. Sodan da bolar, ol ózining aghylshyn tilinde jaryqqa shyqqan eng tandauly jyr jinaghyna jogharydaghy ólenning taqyrybyn bergen.

P.S.   

IY.Brodskiy til — ruhtyng tylsym mekeni, poeziyanyng qúdyreti sonda jasyrynghan dep qaraghan. Osy túrghydan kelgende jogharydaghy ólenning taqyrybyn «Ruhymnyng bir bólshegi» dep týsingen dúrys. 1987 jyly «Adam men ol jasaghan qoghamdyq ortanyng qaqtyghysy dәuirinde estetikalyq talgham men moraldyq qúndylyqtyng tarazysyn shayqaltpay ústap, óz dәuirining tarihy bolmysyn poeziya qúdyretimen keng piship, tereng tolghap, jerine jete kórsetkeni ýshin» IY.Brodskiyge  Nobeli syilyghy berildi. Ókinishtisi, bostandyq pen adamgha tәn ar-namysty bәrinen joghary qoytyn asau jýrekti aqyn 56 jasynda kenetten jýrek talmasynan AQSh-ta ómirden ozdy. 28-qantar aqynnyng tughan kýni.   

Abai.kz