Silәm by - qalay Chelyabinskige ainaldy?
Resey qúramyndaghy qazaq jerleri...
Kenes Odaghy taraghan jyldardan bastap (qyzyl imperiya túsynda rúqsat etilmeytin taqyryptar), orystyng biraz ghalymdary, qazirgi uaqytta Reseyde túryp jatqan qazaqtardyng tarihyn, dәstýrin sonymen qatar, olardyng ústanymy men senimderin jәne túryp jatqan aimaqtarynyng ataularyn túraqty týrde zerttep, jinaqtap jәne búlttartpas shynayy dәleldermen naqtylap, ony sol elding baspasózinde ara-túra bolsa da, jaryqqa shygharyp keledi. Sonyng biri jәne biregeyi Chelyabinsk qalasynda túratyn Yuriy Boshnyakov.
«Ontýstik Oral dalasy ejelden Europagha ótuding eng ynghayly orny – «Kaspiy dәlizine» qaqpa retinde qyzmet etken. Ontýstiginde Qazaqstannyng susyz shóleyt dalasy jatsa, soltýstiginde ýiir-ýiir tabyny bar qalyng kóshpeliler ómir sýrdi. Búl dalada kimder túrmys sýrmedi deysiz. Kezinde osy soltýstikte sarmattar, alandar jәne basqalar da kóship-qonyp jýrdi. Sodan keyin ghúndardan bastap týrkilerge deyin osy úlanghayyr ólkeni mekendedi. X-XI ghasyrlarda Ontýstik Oral dalasy Qypshaq konfederasiyasynyng qúramyna kirdi. Sodan keyin, úlystar ydyraghannan keyin, ony qazirgi qazaq halqynyng Kishi jýzine kiretin, ru-taypalar qonys etti. Shamamen XVII ghasyrgha qaray kýsheygen, birikken Qazaq handyghy bashqúrt shekarasyna taqady. Osylaysha qazaqtar XVII ghasyrgha qaray bashqúrt shekarasyna taqap keldi. Búl halyqtardyng qarym-qatynasy әr týrli jaghdayda boldy».
Osylardy oqy otyryp, avtordyng jazbalarynan taghy mynanday joldardy kezdestiresin: «Batysta bashqúrttar men qazaq rularynyng arasyndaghy shekara Oral ózeni arqyly ótti. Sol jaghalauda qazaqtardyng jazghy jayylymdary ornalasty. Ol jayylymdar: Magnitogorsk, Verhneuralisk, Agap, Kizil audandarynda jәne Varna, Troisk, Giymen aimaqtarynda boldy. Taghy bir aitarym, qazaqtyng «Qyz-Jibek» liro-epostyq poemasynyng bas keyipkeri - Tólegenning ruy, osy Oral ózenining aumaghynda (qazaqtar Jayyq nemese Aq Jayyq ataydy) Magnitogorsk audanynda kóship jýrgen.
«Qazaqtardyng soltýstik shekarasy, olardy bashqúrttardan ajyratyp túrghan, Mian ózeni boyymen ótken. Anyz-әngimelerding birinde: «Kishi jýz rularynyng birine jatatyn, Súltan Taghanbaydyng tórt úly bolghan: Esimbay, Sarybay, Manghyt jәne Silәmbay.
Ýlken úly – Esimbay bashqúrt qyzyna ýilenip, әkesin qatty ashulandyrady. Taghanbay ony ózinen aulaqtatyp, quyp jiberedi. Sonday-aq qarghap-silep, onyng óluin tileydi. Esimbay Bashqúrt jerining tauly ónirinde ang aulap jýrip, tasqa janshylyp, qaza tabady. Al sol mәiitting janynda jerge qúlaghan tastyng astynan «Esimbaydyng qany» atanghan múnay fontany atqylap túrghan eken. Qazir osy arada, yaghni, Bashqúrtstanda múnayshylar qalasy – Ishimbay bar.
Taghanbaydyng ekinshi úly – Sarybay óz auyldarymen Tobyl ózenining manyna kóship keledi. Onyng qystaytyn jeri Sarybay dep atalady. Búl Qazaqstannyng Qostanay oblysyndaghy әigili Sokolov-Sarybay ken ornynyng audany.
Taghanbaydyng ýshinshi úly – Manghyt, óz auyldarymen Oral ózeni boyyna kóship kelgen eken. Onyn eli, osy ýshinshi úldyng atymen atalghan, qazirgi kýngi Bashqúrtstandaghy Manghyt taularynyn manayy, say-salasy bolatyn. Keyinnen osy taudyng atymen, búl arada Manghyt dep atalatyn kazak eldimekeni payda boldy. Sonymen qatar, búl jer, temir rudasyna óte bay ekeni anyqtaldy. Keyinnen, ishki Reseyden kelgen, orys qyzmet etushileri Manghyt atauyn magnit sózine ainaldyryp, sodan keyin onyng negizinde metallurgter qalasy – Magnitogorsk boy kóterdi.
Taghanbaydyng tórtinshi úly – Silәmbay eng kórnekti boldy. Ol óz auyldarymen birge qiyr soltýstikte, Mias ózenining aumaghynda, bashqúrt kóshpendilerine jaqyn jýrdi. Ol eki eldin ortasyndaghy ýzdiksiz barymtany, ózara reydterdi toqtata aldy. Sóitip, Bashqúrt rularymen beybitshilik ornatty. Kóptegen qazaq pen bashqúrt rulary, onyng qaramaghyna qarady. Búl elderding qúramynda birlesken nekeler jii kezdesetin. Qazaqtar da, bashqúrttar da ony qúrmettep, jaqsy kórdi. Qazaqtar Silәmbaydy by dep jariyalap, ony jana qúrmetti esimmen Silәm by dep atady. Tipti otarlau dәuirinde de, orystardyng osy aimaqtaghy júrttyng kónilin tabu ýshin, kezinde solardyng tilimen atalghan Silәm by angharynyng atauyn ózgertuge batyly jetpedi. Olardyng osy aragha salghan kishigirim qala bekinisi Silәm by dep ataldy. Búl atau, kele-kele, keyinnen Chelyabige ainaldy. Sóitip, orys kartasyna osy ataumen kirdi», - deydi orys ghalymy Yuriy Boshnyakov.
Bizding keybir ghalymdar, Chelyabinsk sózining týp-tórkini Selebe dep aityp jýr. Áriyne, әrkimning óz dәleli bar shyghar.
Sonymen, qazirgi Bashqúrtstandaghy Ishimbay qalasy, qazaqsha aitqanda, Esimbay. (Orystar Esil ózenin Ishim dep ataydy ghoy). Sonymen qatar, Manghyt tau - Magnitogorsk qalasynyng týpki atauy. Manghyt keyinnen oryssha Magniyt, artynan Magnitorosk dep atalghan boldy ghoy. Reseyding osy kýngi Chelyabinsk qalasynyng atauynyng da qalay shyqqanyn endi týsindik. Kishi jýz tóresi – Silәmbay, artynan qalyng júrtshylyq Silәm by dep ataghan azamattyng esimi, keyinnen osy aragha әskery bekinis retinde salynghan qalashyqtyng atyna ainalyp – Silәm bi, keyinnen Chelyabi dep atalghanyn bildik. Orys ghalymynyng shyndyqqa jaqyn keletin tarihy shygharmasyn oqy kele, Chelyabinsk oblysynyng aumaghyn, óz zamanynda kishi jýzding qazaq taypalary men rularynyng kóneden mekendegenin angharamyz.
Jalpy, Reseyding qúramyndaghy Qajy – Tarhan (Astrahan), Sary - Tau (Saratov), Samar – Qúndyz dalasy (Samara), Orynbor (Orenburg), Silәm by (Chelyabinsk), Qorghan (Kurgan), Tómen – Tómengi dala (Tumeni), Ýrkit (Irkutsk), Tong – topyraghy tong bolyp keletin ólke – merzlaya zemlya (Tomsk), Omby - qary qalyng jauatyn ónir (Omsk), Kemer - ózenning jaghalauy (Kemerovo), Tar (Tarsk), sonday-aq Altay tauly ólkeleri ejelgi týrkilerdin, yaghni, kóshpeli qazaq taypalary men rularynyn ghasyrdan, ghasyrlargha jalghasqan atamekenderi bolatyn.
Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,
Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi
Abai.kz