3 - san

1918 jylghy 18 avgust

Petropavl q.

QAZAQ JERI

 

Qazaqtardyng qanday enbek sinirip iyelengen jerleri ýshinshi ózgeristing dәuirine kirdi.

Birinshi, monarhiya (patsha) dәuiri. Ol dәuirde qazaqtyng jeri, suy, aghashy memlekettiki degen qalyng týpti zakon kitabynda zorlyq soqpaghymen jýretin sholaq statiya boldy. Sol statiyagha arqa tayanghan pereselen tóreleri, Nikolay nókerleri qazaq jerin qaqpaygha salyp, oiyna kelgenin istedi. Eng ayaghy, búrghyshylar men jer ólshegender de, aq ýy tikpegen, baghylan toqty soymaghan, taqsyrlap túrmaghan auyldyng kýlin kókke úshyryp, jerinen keng alyp jýrdi.

Talay auyldardyng shildening qyzu kýnderinde jaylaudan «tórelerdin» búiryghymen eriksiz kóship, tórt týlik maldy azynatyp, shólde sandalyp jýrgenderi kóbimizge mәlim. Jayly qonystan aiyrylsa, qazaq sharuasyna kemshilik keledi degen adamshylyq sózder pereselen tórelerinde bolmaghandyghy taghy mәlim.

Monarhiya dәuirinde ýkimetting qazaq jerine erte tisi tiydi. Aldymen, ýkimet tabaqty kazak-orystargha tartty. Búlargha eginge qolayly manday jerden 9 jarym million desyatina qiyp berdi. Ondaghy ýkimetting tabaq tartudaghy maqsaty - sayasy qúqy bar oryndargha kazak-orystardy ornyqtyryp, qazaqqa kýzetshi qoy edi.

3 - san

1918 jylghy 18 avgust

Petropavl q.

QAZAQ JERI

 

Qazaqtardyng qanday enbek sinirip iyelengen jerleri ýshinshi ózgeristing dәuirine kirdi.

Birinshi, monarhiya (patsha) dәuiri. Ol dәuirde qazaqtyng jeri, suy, aghashy memlekettiki degen qalyng týpti zakon kitabynda zorlyq soqpaghymen jýretin sholaq statiya boldy. Sol statiyagha arqa tayanghan pereselen tóreleri, Nikolay nókerleri qazaq jerin qaqpaygha salyp, oiyna kelgenin istedi. Eng ayaghy, búrghyshylar men jer ólshegender de, aq ýy tikpegen, baghylan toqty soymaghan, taqsyrlap túrmaghan auyldyng kýlin kókke úshyryp, jerinen keng alyp jýrdi.

Talay auyldardyng shildening qyzu kýnderinde jaylaudan «tórelerdin» búiryghymen eriksiz kóship, tórt týlik maldy azynatyp, shólde sandalyp jýrgenderi kóbimizge mәlim. Jayly qonystan aiyrylsa, qazaq sharuasyna kemshilik keledi degen adamshylyq sózder pereselen tórelerinde bolmaghandyghy taghy mәlim.

Monarhiya dәuirinde ýkimetting qazaq jerine erte tisi tiydi. Aldymen, ýkimet tabaqty kazak-orystargha tartty. Búlargha eginge qolayly manday jerden 9 jarym million desyatina qiyp berdi. Ondaghy ýkimetting tabaq tartudaghy maqsaty - sayasy qúqy bar oryndargha kazak-orystardy ornyqtyryp, qazaqqa kýzetshi qoy edi.

     Kazak-orystan qalghan qazaqtyng shimayly jerleri pereselenderding aldyna tartyldy. Pereselendi qazaq jerine tógudegi ýkimetting maqsaty - pomeshikterding jerlerine qol sozghan mújyqtardan qútylu hәm qazaq últyna orystyq ruhyn sindiru edi.

     Ekinshi, bolishevik dәuiri: búl dәuirde qazaq jeri is jýzinde tilgilenip, talaugha týsken joq, biraq, bolishevikterding qazaq jeri turaly jasaghan plandary boldy. Qazaq jerin kollektivtendiru kerek. Sonda bizge joldas bolady, aralaryna Rossiyadan kelgen qashaqtardy kirgizip, shama kelgenshe qazaqty birynghay shólge quu kerek. Bir qazaqta jiyrma myng jylqy bar, sony qashaqtargha bólip, jerin alyp beru kerek, degen.

     Ár jerlerde ortaqshyldar shyghyp, qazaqtan jer iyeligin alghandar boldy. Qúday saqtady, endi biraz túrsa, bolishevikter qazaq jerine kileng kesirlerin tiygizetin edi.

     Ýshinshi dәuirding ózgerisine qazaq jeri jana kirdi. Qayyrly Alash avtonomiyasy bolsa, jer mәselesi onay sheshilmek, onda qazaq eshkimge úpay jibermeydi. Shapqynshylyqpen, yaky basqa bir sebeptermen Alash avtonomiyasy bolmay qalsa, qazaq jerine enshilesterding kóbeyetindigine shek joq.

     Kadetterdin, sosialist symaqtardyng betterin jyrtyp, Alash avtonomiyasyna qarsy bolyp jatqandyqtary - Alashty qimaghandyqtan emes, әrkimge joq Alash jerin qimaghandyqtan.

     Sibir jerine ishki Rossiyadan kelgen qashaqtar qalay ornamaqshy? Búl әli sheshilmegen mәsele. Múndaghy jergilikti krestiyandar qashaqtargha tulaqtay jer bermeymiz, dep kesip otyr. Krestiyandar qarsylassa, bermeske shamasy keledi. «Áueden shoqpar týsse, sorlygha tiyedi», - degendey, ainala sorlaytyn qamsyz bizding qazaq bolady-daghy.

     Germaniya әskerining bastyghy Giydenburg jarlyq shygharghan, on bes million nemisti Rossiyadan alghan shet oblystargha ornyqtyru kerek dep. Ol oblystardyng búrynghy iyeleri qashaq bolyp, Sibir aimaghynda jýr. Osy jaqtan jer alu ýmitinde.

     Adam balasynyng tirshiligi jerge baylauly, jersiz - el bolu joq. Jersiz el - kólenkemen bir esep.

     «Jylamaghan balagha emshek bermeydi.» Qaytken kýnde, sybaghaly jerden qúr qalynbaydy, sonyng tezirek qamyna kirisu kerek. «Alma pis, auzyma týstin» zamany ótti.

  

Ishki habarlar: ólgen tirilmekshi

Qazaq jerining bir kezde әzәzili bolghan Pereslen mekemesi qaytadan tiriledi degen qaueset bar. Ondaghy tiriluding maqsaty - Oraldyng ar jaghynda jersiz qara qúrttay qaynap, milliondap әli kelip jatqan mújyqtardy Sibir jerine ornyqtyru. Ótken jyly Uaqytsha ýkimetting Sibirge pereslen jiberilmeydi dep bekitken qaulysyn qoldanbaymyz desedi. Múndaghy jergilikti júrttar men qashaqtar siysa almay jatqanda, taghy qansha pereselenderdi tóge salu ýshin, pereselen mekemesin tiriltu qamyna kirisu - sayasat jaghynan kózqarastyng ózgergendigin kórsetedi. Búghan múndaghy mújyqtar qarsy.

     Qashan ýlkendi-kishili qúryltaylar qúrylghansha, qazaq jerining ýleske týspesine is basyndaghy Alash azamattary qam qyluy kerek.

     Ár jerde jergilikti mújyqtarmen qosylyp, pereselen mekemesin tiriltpeske tyrysu kerek.

     Osy kýnde búl pereselen mәselesi ministrler mәjilisinde qaralyp jatyr.

                                                    Jәdiger-Janys.

* * *

 

Asbest zavody búiymdary men qystykýni qanysherlerding zamanynda «halyqtiki» dep jariyalanyp, búrynghy komiytet ornyna «sovdep» ashylyp edi. Júmysshylar aqylaryn molaytyp, beynetterin azaytyp, tórelik qúryp jýrushi edi. Bolishevik tuy qúlaghan son, bayaghy basshylary qaytyp kelip qolyna aldy. Tize qaqpaylap, belsendilik kórsetken júmysshylardy shygharyp jatyr. Songhylardyng ýshten birisi ghana qalatyn týri bar.

     Ókinishi sol: qoy auzynan shóp almaytyn júmysker jalamen shygharylyp jatyr. Ishinde elge jeterlik qarajaty joqtar da bar. Qalghan júmysshylardyng aqysy tar qalypqa týsti.

     «Azat basyng bolsyn qúl - qoldan kelmes iske úmtyl», – dep Abay marhúmnyng aitqany boldy. Qoldan kelmes iske boy úrghan basshy myrzalardyn, júmyskerlerding kesapaty - jan asyrap, taban aqy, manday terimen kýn kórip otyrghan momyndargha tiyip ketti.

                                                                          

JAS ÁLTAY

 

Qarqaralymen shegaralas Aqmolagha qaraghan elde de úry qatty. Jalanashtyq odan jaman. Taqa bay ýilerde bolmasa, orta ýilerde kóilek qana bar. Nasharlarda ol da joq. Bir ýili jannyng ortasynda bir-eki shýberek kiyim bar, onyng ózinde dalba-dúlba.

Múhamedsalyq.

 

ÚIYMDAR

 

8 iilide (janasha) Alash qalasynda «Janar» úiymynyng jalpy jiylysy bekitken qaulylary:

1) úiymnyng qarajatyn kýsheytu ýshin әreket jasau;

2) Semey oblysyndaghy úiymdardyng sezin shaqyru;

3) Ombyda bolghan jalpy Qyrghyz – qazaq jastar sezining qaulylaryn mýsheler tegis qabyl alghan. Múndaghy «Janar» úiymynyng atyn ózgertip, «Jas Azamattyn» oblystyq bólimi delingen.

4) «Jas azamat» gazetine eki jýz som jarna jiberu.

Telegramma: Úiymnyng sekretary Núraly Asylbaevtan. «Kerekude «Jas Azamat» bólimin ashtyq. Bar kýshimizben qoltyqtaymyz!»

Sýleymenov, Núrymov.

 

Oral, Yrghyz oblystyq qazaq sezining bekitken qaulylary:

     1) Qazaq ólkesi jalpy búqaranyng yntymaqtasu negizinde qúrylghan Rossiya respublikasynyng tolyq qúqyly bir mýshesi bolyp, óz isterinde erikti shtat bolsyn;

 2) Qazirgi sayasat kýii men Oraldan bastap, bes oblys, bir guberniyanyng bólimi men qúrylghan Qazaq ólkesi yavochnyy poryadokpen avtonomiya jariyalasyn;

 3) Sovet túrghanda, avtonomiyany iske asyru mýmkin emes sebebi: sovet ýkimeti últshyldaqqa qarsy, últtar ýshin ziyandy sayasy úiym, sondyqtan:

 a) Qazaq halqy sovet ýkimetin tanymasqa hәm boyúsnbasqa tiyisti.

 b) Oraldyng kazak-orystary men birigip, Oral qazaqtary bolisheviktermen kýresuge tiyisti.

 Biraq kýres Qazaq paydasyn saqtau bolmay, basqa maqsatqa ausa, onday kýreske qazaq qosylmasyn.

 4) Oral oblysy Oral úlysy atalsyn! Jeti kisiden әzirge shtat bolsyn. Oral úlysy «Alash Ordanyn» uaqytsha bir bólimi bolyp, Alash avtonomiyasy jariyalanyp, biylik týrin belgilep ayaq basqan son, bar әkimshilikti «Alash Ordagha» tapsyrsyn.

 Basqarmadan: Oral oblysyndaghy bauyrlarymyzdyng sayasy barlyqqa jetip, at tóbelindey jerde ýkimetti el bolghandaryna quanyshtymyz. «Alash Ordanyn» ýstindegi auyr jýkti bólisip alghany jaqsy ghoy. Biraq, jalpy Rossiya qúryltayyn syltau qylghan auyrugha shaldyghyp (Oral ýkimeti balyghy bolmasa baqasynan dep) ala qoydy bóle qyrqyp jýrmese, jarar edi.

Men jastargha senemin!

 

Arystanday aibatty,

Jolbarystay qayratty,

Qyranday kýshti qanatty

Men jastargha senemin!

     Kózderinde ot oinar,

     Sózderinde jalyn bar.

     Jannan qymbat olargha ar,

     Men jastargha senemin!

Jas qyranday balapan,

Jayyp qanat úmtylghan,

Kózdegeni kók aspan,

Men jastangha senemin!

     Júmsaq minez jibekter,

     Sýttey taza jýrekter,

     Qasiyetti tilekter,

     Men jastargha senemin!

Tau suynday gýrilder,

«Aybyndy Alash - elim!» der,

«Altyn Arqa – jerim!» der,

Men jastargha senemin!

     Qaju bar ma, túlpargha,

     Talu bar ma, súnqargha,

Iman kýshti olarda -

Men jastargha senemin!

«Alash!» aibyndy úrany,

Qasiyetti qyrany,

Alashtyng olar qúrbany,

Men jastargha senemin!

     Men senemin jastargha,

Alash atyn aspangha

Shygharar olar, bir tanda!

Men jastargha senemin!

Arystanday aibatty,

Jolbarystay qayratty,

Qyranday kýshti qanatty -

Men jastargha senemin!

                                        Maghjan.

 

OMBY HABARLARY

 «Alash Orda» bastyghy Álihan Bókeyhan, mýshesi Álimhan Ermekov Sibir ýkimetimen sóilesip jatyr. «Alash Ordanyn» úsynghan sharalaryn Sibir ýkimetining arasynan shygharghan komissiyasy qabyldap ótkizgen. Endi tez arada Ministrler sovetinde qaralmaqshy.

 

* * *

 Aqmolanyng oblystyq zemskoe sobraniyesi 4-inshi avguste (janasha) tarqaghan. Qazaq glasnyilarynyng bir-ekeuinen basqasy, bir auyzdan sóz shygharyp, Alash berekesinde boldy. Orys glasnyilarynan Alash berekesin kýndep, ishteri kýigenderi bolypty. Orys glasnyilary eregespen ózderine tiyisti oblystyq zemskiy upravagha saylaytyn tórt kisining ekeuin ghana saylaghan. Onyng ózine de kadet taby riza emes. Bizding qazaq glasnyilary ózderining ýsh kisisin bir auyzdan saylaghan; predsedateli joldasyna (orynbasar) ótken kezde Týrkistan ýkimetining ishki ister ministri bolghan Ábdirahmanbek Orazay balasyn, mýshelerine Aqmoladaghy «Alash Ordanyn» oblystyq sovetining bastyghy Erejep Itbay balasyn hәm Ombydaghy poliytehnicheskiy institutta oqyp jýrgen student Múqtar Samat balasyn.

 Jiylystyng qaulylary tez arada qazaq tilinde basylyp shyqpaqshy. Búl jiylysta Aqmola oblysynyng qazaqtary mýsheli sybaghalaryn alghan. Oqu sharuasyna birneshe jýz myndar berilmekshi bolghan. Búl qazaqtyng eki jýz jyldan beri kórgen birinshi tendigi. Búryn qazaqtan týrli alym-salyqtar alynushy edi. Biraq, qazaq paydasyna júmsalmaushy edi. Endi sonyng ýshin aldymen, zemstvo salyqtaryn berip otyru kerek.

     Oqu-oqytu sharuasy, jer-su, azyq-týlik - barlyghy zemstvonyng qolynda. Osynday kýshi zor, paydasy mol zemstvodan qashu shaytannyng «bissmilladan qashqanynday» bolady.

     Biraq, zemskoe sobraniyege de, upravagha da senimdi, búqara paydasyn oilaytyn kisilerden saylau kerek. Alashtyng berekesine әreket keltiretin kisilerden saqtanu kerek. Ótken zemskoe sobraniyede Aqmola uezining qazaqtarynyng atynan kelgen saudager, tatar jigiti Shәrip Yalymov degen shet jayylyp, týrli-týske boyalyp, qysqa kýnde qyryq qúbylyp, qara búqaranyng paydasyna qastardyng qamshysyn soqqan. Europa halqy zanda qay taptan saylansa, sol taptyng maqsattaryn qolyna qarshygha qyp ústaydy. Kórine shet jayylmaydy. Shәrip Yalymov búqaranyng terisin jamylyp, orys baylarynyng paydasyn quattaghan.

     Qarataudyng qojasyna siynu anqau qazaqtyng tabighaty bolushy edi. Biraq, zemstvo onday siynudy kótermeydi. Anqau elge aramza molda boludyng zamany ótken. Shәrip Yalymov siyaqtylardy zemstvogha saylau - qazaq sharuasyna qasqyrdan qoyshy salghanmen birdey.

 

* * *

BOLShEVIK SOGhYSY

Sibir aimaghynda bolishevikter qúrugha juyqtady. Týrkistan da bolishevikterge qarsy qozghalyp jatyr. Jetisuda eleuli jerlerding kóbi ýkimet әskerlerining qolyna kirgen. Semeyden barghan qazaq otryadtary da bolishevikterdi shapty, túrghyn halyqtar da tegis qarulanyp jatqan kórinedi. Don, Kavkaz, Qyrym, Orynbor, Oral boyy bolishevikterden tazaryp, kemigen. Endi orta Rossiya ghana bolishevik tyrnaghynda qaldy. Qazan qalasy da alyndy.

* * *

Týrli habarlar

Ekaterinburgte óz aldyna audandyq Oral ýkimeti jasalmaqshy. Jasau tәrtibi tórt partiyanyng eki-ekiden shygharghan kisilerine tapsyrylghan.

Ontýstik-Sibir temir jolynyng jýretin betin tekserip bolghan. Endi jol jabdyqtaryn isteuge kirisken. Jol syzyghy Orsk – Atbasar – Aqmola – Shidertiden bir bútaq búrylyp, Kereku – Barnauyl ketedi. Ekinshi bir bútaq Semey ketedi. Ýzyn boyy 2400 shyqyrym. Búl joldyng boyynda key jerlerde temir, mys, qorghasyn, tas kómir barlyghy bilingen. Temir jol jýrgen son, osy jerlerding bәri paydagha aspaqshy.

Sharua ghalymdary aitady: temir jol eki jýz shaqyrymnyng audanyndaghy elderding túrmys-saltyn, sharua qalpyn ózgertedi, ata kәsibin qaldyrtady, dep. Soghan qaraghanda, búl ontýstik temir jolynyng boyynda otyrghan qazaq elderi biraz jyldyng ishinde osy kýngi sharua týrlerinen aiyrylady hәm sharuanyng qay tarauyna bolsa da, qymbatshylyq kiredi dep esepteu kerek.

Atbasarda. Sibir temir jolyndaghy Esilkól stansiyasynda oba auyruy bilingen. Obadan saqtanu turaly kelesi nómirlerding birinde jazamyz.

Sibir temirjolyndaghy stansiyalarda 800 000-day qashaqtar bar. Kóbinese osylar - aurudyng úyasy. Sebebi: ash, jalanash, kir, auru-syrqau, bәri de qashaqtardyng joldasy bolady.

Týrik súltany Muhammed Rishad ólgen. Týrik zanynda súltannyng [otyrghan ] taghy, han túqymynyng ýlkenine kóshedi. Qazirgi ýlkeni - ólgen súltannyng inisi Uahdaldiyn.

«Delo Sibiriy»

 

Orny tolmaytyn ólim

Jetisu oblysy, Ayakóz manyndaghy soghysta Otynshy Áljanov sheyit bolghan, Amanjolov jaralanghan. Ekeui de «Alash Orda» men uchrediytelinoe sobraniyening mýsheleri edi.

Basqarma: búl habar gazet jasalyp qoyghan son, kelip, tolyq jaza almadyq. Kelesi nómerde Otynshy turaly jazylady.

Basqarmadan

Ár jerlerden «Jas Azamatty» qúttyqtaghan hattar kelip jatyr. Bәrin týgel basugha gazet betine simaydy hәm uaqyt jetetin emes. Iriktep basayyq desek, gazet quanyshyna ortaqtasqandardy bir dәrejege qoymaghandyq bolar dep, qúttyqtaulardy basudy birinshi nómirmen doghardyq. Gazetke yqylas-kónilderin bildirgenderge jalpy tәnir alghysyn aitamyz.

Qazaq jerinde ashylghan jastar úiymdary ózderining qysqasha tәjriybe-haldaryn bayandap, әdiristerin jiberulerin ótinemiz!

«Jas Azamat» gazeti músylman haripteri az tipografiyada basylady. Onyng ýstine jana qazaq emilesine qajet haripter joq. Sol sebepti keybir sózder qate ketedi. Osynday kemshilikteri ýshin oqushylardan keshirim súraymyz.

 

Gazetting sandaryn  baspagha dayyndaghan, týsinikterin jazghan

M. Qozybaev atyndaghy SQMU professory

Zarqyn Tayshybay.

Abai.kz