Zamanymyzdyng zanghar jazushysy Ábish agha Kekilbayúly: “Qiyanatqa jol bermes әdildiktin, kýpirlikke jol bermes adaldyq­tyn, qaraulyqqa jol bermes shapaghat­tylyqtyn, qatygezdikke jol bermes meyirimdiliktin, arsyzdyqqa jol bermes parasattylyqtyng asqan ýlgisin tanytqan, elining jel jaqtaghy panasy, yq jaqtaghy sayasy bola bilgen azamat, jaudan eldi ara­sha­laghan batyr, dauda әdiletti arashalaghan qazi, ozbyrlyqtan obal men sauapty arashalaghan pirәdar, әlsizge medet, kýshtige aibar, zaryqqangha jebeu, taryqqangha demeu, asqangha tosqan, sasqangha saya, úrpaqqa ústaz, úlysqa úran, el iyesi, jer kiyesi” dep qadir tútqan Beket Ata Myrzaghúlúly shejire­shilerding aituyna qaraghanda 1750, jylqy jyly Jem boyyndaghy Aqmeshitte ómirge kelipti. Ákesi Aday atanyng altynshy úr-paghy sanalatyn Myrzaghúl enbekqorly­ghymen elining syiyna bólengen, al anasy Jәniya sheshemiz aqyldylyghymen auyl-aymaghynyng arasynda qadiri asqan jandar bolypty. Atasy Janaly da әdildigimen aty shyqqan, qonystas rulargha tanymal, bedeldi aqsaqal bolghan kórinedi.

Zamanymyzdyng zanghar jazushysy Ábish agha Kekilbayúly: “Qiyanatqa jol bermes әdildiktin, kýpirlikke jol bermes adaldyq­tyn, qaraulyqqa jol bermes shapaghat­tylyqtyn, qatygezdikke jol bermes meyirimdiliktin, arsyzdyqqa jol bermes parasattylyqtyng asqan ýlgisin tanytqan, elining jel jaqtaghy panasy, yq jaqtaghy sayasy bola bilgen azamat, jaudan eldi ara­sha­laghan batyr, dauda әdiletti arashalaghan qazi, ozbyrlyqtan obal men sauapty arashalaghan pirәdar, әlsizge medet, kýshtige aibar, zaryqqangha jebeu, taryqqangha demeu, asqangha tosqan, sasqangha saya, úrpaqqa ústaz, úlysqa úran, el iyesi, jer kiyesi” dep qadir tútqan Beket Ata Myrzaghúlúly shejire­shilerding aituyna qaraghanda 1750, jylqy jyly Jem boyyndaghy Aqmeshitte ómirge kelipti. Ákesi Aday atanyng altynshy úr-paghy sanalatyn Myrzaghúl enbekqorly­ghymen elining syiyna bólengen, al anasy Jәniya sheshemiz aqyldylyghymen auyl-aymaghynyng arasynda qadiri asqan jandar bolypty. Atasy Janaly da әdildigimen aty shyqqan, qonystas rulargha tanymal, bedeldi aqsaqal bolghan kórinedi.

Beket ata – Myrzaghúl aqsaqaldyng tórt úlynyng kenjesi. Onyng shyghu tegi bylaysha aitylady: Aday – Kelimberdi – Múnal – Jauly – Qosqúlaq – Janaly – Myrza­ghúl – Beket. Janaly babamyz da, Myrzaghúl atamyz da әulie kisiler bolghan, jalpy Qosqúlaq әuleti zayyrly túqym dep esepteledi. Onyng ýstine kónekóz qariyalar Beket atanyng batyrlyghy kәri naghashysy tama Eset batyrdan, kóripkeldigi men әuliyeligi óz naghashysy Nazarqojadan daryghan eken deydi.

Belgili qogham qayratkeri Seyilbek Shau­hamanov aghamyz Beket atanyng naghashysy Nazarqojanyng islam әlemine tanymal әulie Shaa Býzirikting úrpaghy ekenin aitady. Shaa Býzirik – Paygham­barymyzdyng (s.gh.s.) nemere inisi Ály men qyzy Fatimadan taraytyn jiyrma ýshinshi úrpaghy.

HVII ghasyrdyng ayaq jaghynda islam dinin ústanatyn kóshpeli qazaqtardy diny sauattandyru maqsatynda kelgen Nazarqoja Aday atanyng besinshi úrpaghy, belgili by Jayyqúly Álmenbetting Ikәy atty jalghyz qyzyna ýilenip, odan Qojakilen, Múryn degen eki úl men Jәniya esimdi bir qyz sýiedi. Osy Jәniya sheshemizden Beket ata tughan deydi shejireshiler.

Ábish Kekilbayúlynyng aituyna qara­ghan­da, ol kezde adaylar Manghystaudyng oiyna qúlap kete qoymay, Syr men Jayyq ara­syndaghy kenistikte malynyng jayymen kó­ship-qonyp jýripti. Nazarqojanyng ziy­ratynyng Ýstirt pen Manghystau ónirinde bol­mauy, al oghan qyzyn bergen Álmenbet ata­nyng Syr boyyna jerlenui sondyqtan kórinedi.

Beket atanyng kәri naghashysy, býkil sanaly ghúmyryn elining egemendigi men halqynyng tәuelsizdigi ýshin sarp etken tama Eset batyr Kókiúly shamamen 1667-1766 jyldar aralyghynda ómir sýrgen, qalmaq­targha qarsy azattyq kýresting basshyla­rynyng biri. Onyng týp atasy – HI-HII ghasyrlarda ómir sýrip, Sozaqta jerlengen, Qoja Ahmet Yasauiyding qadirmendi zamandasy, iysi týrki júrty týgel qúrmet tútatyn belgili әulie Qarabura. Al óz әkesi Kóki batyr birneshe mәrte qajylyqqa barghan, songhy saparynda sol jaqta dýnie salyp, topyraq arab jerinen búiyrghan ghúlama kisi kórinedi. Búl jayly Hәlel Dosmúhamedúlynyng jazbalarynda jaqsy aitylghan. Ábilqayyr hanmen qimas dos bolghan Eset batyrdy óz zamanynda Tәuke han jeti rugha rubasy etip saylaghan. Orys patshayymy Anna Ioannovnadan aty-jóni jazylghan estelik qanjar men han tarapynan “tarhan” degen qúrmetti ataq alghan Eset batyrdyng auyly 1742 jyldary Sam qúmyn jaylaghan.

Toqsannan asqan shaghynda Eset batyr on eki jasar jiyeni Beketke:

Ýstinnen dýbir ketpesin,

Qúlaghynnan sybyr ketpesin.

Aq pen qarany aiyrar,

Jaudy keri qayyrar,

Atynda aityp túrghanday dýr bolarsyn.

Elge shuaq shashyp núr bolarsyn,

Ýsh jýzge tanymal Pir bolarsyn,.. – dep bata bergen eken delinedi.

Bala kezinen-aq zerektigimen kózge týsip, aldymen atasy Janalydan, sonynan auyl moldasynan sauatyn ashqan Beket ata 14 jasynda Hiuadaghy Sherghazy han medrese­sine oqugha barady. Onyng týsine enip, “ústaz – pir” tauyp, sopylyq jolyn ústanugha silteme jasaghan Manghystaudyng Qara­oyyndaghy belgili әulie Shopan ata eken delinedi. Al Atamyzdyng boyyndaghy Alla syilaghan erekshe qasiyet pen airyqsha qabiletti alghash bayqap, oghan diny bilim alugha kenes bergen aghasy Mendiqúl batyr kórinedi.

Beket ata oqyghan Hiuadaghy Sherghazy han medresesi 1726 jyly salynghan. Belgili ózbek aqyny Pahlavan Ravnak, týrikpen poe­ziyasynyng klassiygi Maqtymqúly Fa­ragi, ataqty qaraqalpaq shayyry Ájniyaz Qo­sybayúly osynda bilim alyp, tәr­biye­lengen. Negizinen búl medresede sol dә­uir­degi óte talantty, belgili adamdar oqyghan. Sondyqtan medrese halyq arasynda “Maskany fozilon”, yaghny “Bilimdarlar ordasy” atanghan.

HH ghasyrgha deyin Hiua medreselerinde oqu merzimi 7 jyl bolghan jәne óz shәkirt-terine ýsh satydan túratyn baghdarlama negizinde dәris bergen:

Beket atanyng medresede dәris bergen ústazy, qazaqtar Baqyrjan Qoja dep asa qadir tútatyn ­­Muhammad Baqirjan Áziz – Payghambarymyzdyng nemere inisi Ály men qyzy Fatimadan tughan Huseynnen taraytyn seyid úrpaghy. Baqirjan Qoja shamamen 1720 jyly әkesi Shafoat Azizding qasiyetti meshiti bar Qara Qapyda dýniyege kelip, 1789 jyldar shamasynda ómirden ótken, Hiua manyndaghy Gazauat auylyna jerlengen.

Úly ústaz Baqirjan Qoja ózining sýiikti shәkirti bolghan Pir Atamyzdy izgiliktiligi men birsózdiligi ýshin Ahmad dep te ataghan (“Ahmad” – arab sózi, qazaqsha “eng maqtauly” degen maghyna beredi). “Risolayy hilfaty sufiho” kitabynyng 11-betinde Beket hazretting qonysy Manghyshlaqta ekeni aitylady. Osy kitapta Horezm ónirinde ómir sýrgen, óz tústastarynan erekshelenip, airyqsha ataq alghan tórt ghúlamanyng esimi atalady. Olar: Múhammad Baqirjan hazret – “zamanynyng úly seyiydi” atanghan, Muhammad Súltan hazret – “óz dәuirining úly sheyhy” ataghyn alghan, molla Muhammad Panah – “óz dәuirining úly ahuny” atalghan, Beket hazret – “zamanynyng úly sopysy” ataghyna ie bolghan. Sonday-aq búl enbekte Beket ata “payghambarymyzdyng sýnnetin kózining qarashyghynday saqtaushy jәne ony taratushy, músylman qauymynyng ishindegi eng úlysy, әziyzi әri qadirlisi, Alla taghalagha eng jaqyn jәne Alla taghalanyng aldynda eng qúrmetti, óz dәuirining úly sopysy atanghan adam”, – dep jazylghan. Al “Tazkiray Muhammad Bahiyr” qoljazbasynyng 168-betinde Beket ata “ómirinde qiyndyqtardy kóp kórgen, adam tanghalarlyq keremetter istey alatyn ýlken qasiyet iyesi, sopylyq­taghy eng jogharghy mәrtebe “mashayyq” dәrejesine jetken, týrikter men ózbekter arasynda ataghy keng jayylghan belgili adam edi. El ony “Ahmad” dep dәripteytin. Kónilinde bir Allany ústap, qúlshylyghyn óz uaqytynda oryndap otyru tek jasy úlghayghan adamdargha ghana tәn әdet bolsa, ol jas kezinde de Allagha sol ýlkendershe qúl­shylyq etetin edi”, – delingen (mashayyq – arabsha “mashyaha” – perishteler ayan beretin tereng bilimdi, óte aqyldy adam, qazaqsha “abyz” dep audarylyp jýr).

Hiuadaghy Sherghazy han mediresesin tәmamdaghan song Beket ata 21 jasynda tughan jerine oralyp, Jem boyyndaghy Aqmeshitti túrghyzyp, bala oqytqan deydi shejireshi qarttar. Al 24 jasynda Beyneude jerasty meshitin salady.

Biz auyzeki tilde “jerasty meshiti” dey beremiz. Shyndyghynda ol – Allagha syiynu­gha eng qolayly delinetin jerlerde salynatyn, óte qasiyetti, bereke bastauy sanalatyn, dinimizde “zaviya” dep atalatyn sopylardyng bas qosyp, ilim alatyn orny. Týrikter ony “tekke”, parsylar “hanaka”, arabtar “daira”, “ribat” dep te ataydy, “ýi”, “bas qosatyn búrysh” degen maghyna beredi. Olardy meshitpen shatystyrugha bol­maydy. Óitkeni kópshilikke arnalghan oryn bolghandyqtan meshit ishine kisi jerleuge rúqsat etilmeydi, al búlardyng ishinde sopylyq joldyng negizin qalaushy әulie pirler men onyng izbasarlary jerlengen.

Beket atanyng biz biletin tórt meshiti bar. Biri ózi jatqan Oghylandyda, ekinshisi Aqmeshitte, onda atasy Janaly, әkesi Myrzaghúl men anasy Jәniya, balasy Toghay jerlengen, ýshinshisi Beyneude, búl jerden topyraq aghasy Mendiqúl men shóberesi, týbekke tanymal әulie Samalyqqa búiyrypty, tórtinshisi Manghystaudyng oiyndaghy Tobyqtyda. Sonday-aq Qabiy­bolla Sydiyqúly Ýstirt ýstinde Aralgha jaqyn mandaghy Bayshaghyr degen jerde (keybir derekterde Bayaly dep jazylyp jýr), al aqyn aghamyz Ábu Sәrsenbaev Múghadjar tauynda Ata meshitterining bar ekenin aitady.

Tórtkýl dýnie týgel tanyghan sopylyq joldyng jiyrma ýsh jyl ruhany basshysy – Piri bolghan Beket Ata 1813 jyly 63 jasynda ómirden ótip, Oghylandydaghy ózi qazdyrghan meshitining ishine jerlenedi. Keyingi el-júrtyna: “Aruaghym riza bolsyn desenizder, qúthanalaryma jau túyaghyn jo-lat­pandar”, – dep ósiyet aitypty. “Shar­sha­sang – kólik, shóldeseng – susyn, qoryqsang – qaru, tonsang – pana bolady”, – dep Úly ústazy Baqirjan Qoja syilaghan kók asasyn óz bauyrynan órbigen úrpaghyna múragha qaldyrypty. Al kóshken kezde on bir nargha jýk bolatyn kitaptary men qoljazbalary biraz jylgha deyin meshitterinde saqtalypty.

Úlan dalamyzdyng Úly perzenti Beket ata Myrzaghúlúly – islam әlemine tanymal tarihy túlgha. Ol Qabibolla Sydiyqúly aghamyz aitqanday, “bir ghana Qosqúlaqtyn, ne bir ghana adaydyng Beketi emes, Beket – qalyng qazaqtiki, býkil adamzat balasyniki”. Onyng ómiri men qadir-qasiyeti, ústanghan sopylyq joly jayly aghylshyn, arab, parsy, týrki dinzertteushilerining jazbala­rynda da qúndy derekter bar.

Hiuada ómir sýrgen ghúlamalar tarihyn zerttep jýrgen dintanushy, Baqirjan Qoja úrpaghy Nazarbay Redjepúly Tashkent qalasyndaghy Álisher Nauay atyndaghy kitaphanada saqtalghan tarihy qúndylyghy­men óte erekshelenetin, XVIII ghasyr men HIH ghasyrdyng birinshi jartysynda Horezm ónirinde ómir sýrgen dinbasylary, әuliyeler, tarihat ókilderi jayly jazylghan “Risolayy hilfaty sufiho” (Uz FAShY inv. №7610), “Firdausul ikbol” (Uz FAShY inv. №5364), “Tazkiray Muhammad Bahiyr” (Uz FAShY inv. №1846) qoljaz­balarynda Beket ata jayly tyng mәlimetter bar ekenin aitady.

HIH ghasyrda Manghystau men Ýstirtti zerttegen orys sayahatshy-ghalymdarynyng enbekterinde de biraz derek kezdesedi. Mәselen, týpnúsqasy Mәskeudegi әskery tarihy arhivte saqtalghan “Qazaq dalasy­nyng ekspedisiyasynyng topografiyalyq jurnaly” degen enbekte orys geografiya­lyq qoghamynyng mýshesi, әskery barlau bólimining polkovniygi Fedor Fedorovich Bergting basshylyghymen orystardyng 1825-26 jyldary Ýstirtke jibergen birinshi ekspedisiyasynyng qúramynda bolghan podporuchik Aleksandr Osipovich Du­gameli­ding 1826 jyly jazghan mynaday sózderi bar: “13 qantar. Kýikenning ýsti. Tý­sirim jasap jýrgen ofiyserler sol jaqtaghy búlaq aghyp jatqan say boyynan jardan ýngip qashalghan eki bólmeli meshit tapty. 14 qantar. Ýstirt kesh payda bolghan qúm-saz býrkegen tasty jynystardan túrady. Taudyng qúlauy barlyq jerde derlik tasty jәne shappa ór, kóbining astynda búlaq bar, qazaqtar olardyng aldyn bógep qoyghan. Solardyng ishindegi eng suy moly Beket sopy meshitining janyndaghy búlaq. Meshit aqtas jartastan ýngilip qazylghan eki bólme, ishi qazaq ýiining kólemindey, birining kire­be­ri­sinde alasa esigi bar, ekinshisining tó­be­sin­degi tasty oiyp jaryq týsetin tesik ja­saghan…”

Al atalghan ekspedisiyanyng mýshesi esebinde bizding ónirde bolyp, artyna ólkemizding tarihy men tabighaty turaly óte qúndy múra qaldyrghan E.Eversmann: “1826 jylghy 14 qantar kýni shyng jaghalay sholu jasap jýrgen shaghyn jasaq biz toqtaghan jerden 10 shaqyrym qashyqtyqtaghy anghar boyynan әktasty sheber etip oiyp jasaghan ýngir tapty. Onyng ishi 10 sharshy metrdey, auzy tar, qabyrghalary arab, parsy, tatar jazularymen bezendirilgen… Búl ýngirdi salghan Beket atty pirәdar qazaq. Ýngir qasiyetti Beket atymen atalghan. Múnday eskertkishti ol tórt jerden qashaghan. Onyng biri – Manghystaudan qashyq emes, Oghylandyda. Ekinshisi – Beyneude, ýshinshisi – Jem ózeni boyynda, tórtinshisi – Aral tenizi jaghasyndaghy Bayalyda. Onyng birinde – qysta, ekinshisinde – kýzde, ýshinshisinde – jazda bolady eken. Búl ghajap taqua kisi osydan on eki jyl búryn ómirden ótken”, – dep jazady.

1794 jyldyng 23 qantarynda nemis jerinde dýniyege kelip, 1860 jyldyng 14 sәui­rinde Reseyding Qazan qalasynda ómir­den ótken, jiyrma jasynda filoso­fiyadan, jiyrma eki jasynda medisinadan doktorlyq dissertasiya qorghap, 1842 jyly Resey Ghylym akademiyasynyng akademiygi atanghan, nemis, aghylshyn, fransuz, orys tilderin jetik mengerip, tatar tilinde taza sóiley bilgen Eduard Aleksandrovich Eversmannan jetken Beket ata meshitteri jónindegi osy bir qysqa ghana maghlúmat ólkemizding ótkeni jayly jazylghan biraz ghylymy enbekke negiz boldy.

1851-52 jyldary Ýstirtting jer bederin zerttegen ghylymy ekspedisiyanyng mýshesi, Resey imperiyasy bas shtabynyng topogra­fy, podporuchik Petr Vagapovich Alekseev­ting 1853 jyly jaryq kórgen “Soltýstik Ýstirtting Jemge deyingi aralyghynyng topog­rafiyalyq sipattamasy” degen enbeginde: “Beketting Aqmeshiti Jem ózenining sol jaghyndaghy Qandyaral shatqalynan tómende 38 shaqyrym jerde. Oghan ózen jaqtaghy qaptalynan jaqynyraq baryp qaraghanda adam әreng siyatyn, qasqyrdyng ýlken apanyna úqsas oiyndyny kóremiz. Osy oiyndy jer astyna qaray 3 sajynday barghan song tike ontýstik batys baghytyndaghy diametri 2,5 sajyn, biyiktigi 4 arshynday bolatyn, kýmbezi tegis, tóbesinde jaryq týsetin oiyqshasy bar dóngelek bólmege әkeledi. Bólmening kireberis eki jaghynda kómilip qalghan eki shúnqyr kózge shaly­nady, qazaqtardyng aituynsha, ol suy túshy qúdyqtyng orny. Búl bólmening ong jaq qaptalynda taghy bir kishigirim bólme bar, onda ýshkir úshyn jerge tirep qoyghan, júmyr temirden jasalghan asatayaq sýieuli túr. Birinshi bólmening ontýstik-batys jaq qabyrghasynan kólemi birinshi bólmeden góri ýlkendeu, ortasyna tóbesin tireytin tórt qyrly tireuish baghan qoyylghan, dóngelek pishindi taghy bir bólmege әkeletin esik shyghady. Búl bólmening qabyrghalary dúrys shenber týrinde emes, 6 simmetriyalyq oiyndy týrinde qashalghan. Onyng esikke qarsy betindegi bireui basqalarynan góri birshama endi, әri terenirek jasalghan… Qatty bor jarqabaqtan ýngip salynghan meshitting qabyrghalary qolmen óndelgen, biraq birshama tegis. Meshit ýstine eki-ýsh adam jerlengen, oghan birneshe aghash syryqtary shanshylyp, әrtýrli mata qiyndylary, jylqynyng jal-qúiryghy men maldyng quraghan sýiekteri ilingen. Osy­lardy kórip, onyng mәn-maghynasyn úghy­nyp, jartylay jabayy halyqtyng qasiyetti adam jatqan oryngha osynday bolmashy belgilerin qaldyratyn dinshildigine tang qalasyn… Qazaqtar músylman sharighaty boyynsha búl jerge jyl sayyn bir ret baryp tәu etedi…

Jemning tauly qabaghyndaghy búl ýngirdi jyl sayyn jazda Ýstirtten Jemge qonystanugha keletin aday ruynyng Múnal taypasynan shyqqan Beket… osydan 50 jylday búryn qashap salghan. Ol qoly bos kezinde er balalardyng músylmansha sauatyn ashumen ainalysqan, al qalghan uaqytta namaz oqyp, qúdaygha qúlshylyq qylu ýshin ózining tastan oiyp salghan ýngirinde onasha ómir sýrgen. Key jyldary ol osynda, tuysqandarynyng ózine arnap qaldyrghan bir kisige bir kýnge ghana jete­tindey azghantay azyghymen qystap qalatyn bolghan. Ony óldige sanaghan tuysqandary jaz shygha qayta kóship kelgen kezde, onyng tek tiri ghana emes, esh arymaghan, búryn­ghysynan da sau-salamat kýiin kórip tang qalghan. Býkil Orda adamdary osy bir ghajap qazaqtyng ómirinen neshe týrli keremetter men kóptegen anyzgha bergisiz әngimeler aityp, ony qasiyetti, naghyz әuliyening ózi dep qúrmet tútady. Ol osydan qyryq jylday búryn ómirden ótip, Manghystau týbegining Ýstirtpen úshtasqan jerindegi Oghylandy shatqalyna jerlengen. Marqúmnyng aghayyndary jyl sayyn onyng ziratyna kelip, basyna tәu etedi. Sodan keyin artynda qalghan ýsh úlynyng ýlkeni beyitke kirip, әkesining shashyn alyp, saqal-múr­tyn týzeydi. Men qazaqtardan osy qa­siyetti de keremet adam turaly aqylgha syi­maytyn, adam oiyna kelmeytin kóp­tegen әngimeler estidim…”, – dep jazady.

1809 jyly bashqúrt topyraghynda dýniyege kelip, biraz ghúmyryn Ýstirt ýstinde ótkizip, onyng kartasyn jasaqtap, óte qúndy mәlimetter jinaqtaghan orystyng qarapayym ofiyseri P.Alekseev óz enbe­ginde Atanyng atalghan meshitining birinshi bólmesining suretin jariyalap, onyng Beyneudegi meshiti jayly: “Ýstirtting soltýstik shetindegi Manashy sayynyng sagha túsynan shyghysta 25 shaqyrym jerde… jyra boyyndaghy bor tóbeni ýngip jasaghan ýlken ýngir. Ol qazirgi kezdegi Ýstirtten jaz jaylaugha Jemge kóshetin qazaqtardyng jinalatyn orny. Jergilikti halyq búl ýlken qauymdy da Aqmeshit dep ataydy jәne qasiyetti әuliyeli jer sanaydy. Basyn­daghy syryq aghashqa mata qiyndylary, sadaqagha soyylghan maldyng sýiekteri baylanghan…”, – degen derek qaldyrypty.

Belgili qazaq ghalymy, filologiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty Qabibolla Sydiyqúly 1885 jylghy “Russkiy arhivte” jariyalanghan A.Dugameliding jazbalarynda: “Aqbor tóbening betindegi qasqyrdyng ýngirindey tesikke bir adam zorgha siyp, ýsh qúlashtay ýngirmen jýrgende eni eki jarym qúlash, biyiktigi kisi boyynday dóngelek kiyiz ýy pishinindegi saghana tamgha kiredi. Syrtta qúdyq bar. Onyng ong qaptalynda taghy bir bólme. Osylardyng arasynda syryq túr. Jemdegi Aqmeshitti búdan elu jyl búryn salghan… Beket ólgen song Oghylandygha qoyylghan”, – delingenin aitady.

Keshegi kenestik kezende ómir sýrgen belgili din ghúlamasy shonay Shayhy óz zamandastaryna qajylyqqa barghan saparynda arab dinbasylarynan Beket ata turaly óte qúndy derek estigenin aitady eken. Al jyloylyq Joldasqaly Sýiesinov Beket ata jayly mәlimetting 1820 jyldary Bókey Ordasynda bolghan nemis sayahatshysy Shulisting jazbalarynda da bar ekenin sóz etedi. Ol sonymen birge: “Edil qalmaqtary­men bolghan soghysta Beket ata jiyrmadaghy ji­git bolsa kerek. Qalmaq әskerlerine qar­sy Beketting jalghyz ózi tu kóterip shyq­qan­da jau byt-shyt bolyp, jan-jaqqa qashady… Osy jenisi ýshin hannyng әieli Bo­pay Beketting betinen sýiedi…”, – dep jazady.

Bizding oiymyzsha avtor aityp otyrghan soghys 1771 jyldyng basynda Edil jagha­lauynan Jonghariyagha qaray ýdere kóshken Ubashy bastaghan 30909 ýy qalmaq pen jergilikti qazaqtardyng arasyndaghy atyshuly aiqas bolsa kerek. Sol jyly Beket ata, shyndyghynda da, 20-21 jas shamasynda bolghan. 1771 jyldyng qysyn­daghy Ayshuaq súltannyng basshylyghymen Saghyz boyyndaghy, Ábilqayyrdyng Bopay hanymnan tughan úly Núraly hannyng bastauymen Oiyl men Múghadjar manyndaghy qalmaqtar men qazaqtar arasyndaghy qiyan-keski úrystar jayly A.Levshin jazbalarynda da bar.

Al Ábilqayyr hannyng zayyby, adaydyng beldi ruynyng birinen shyqqan Bopay hanym – zamanynda orys patshayymdary Anna Ioannovna men Elizaveta Petrovnagha, Orynbor gubernatory IY.Nepluevke qazaq halqynyng jay-kýiin aityp әldeneshe dýrkin hat joldap, patsha әkimshiligining jogharghy shendi basshylarymen resmy kelissózder jýrgizgen, shyn mәnindegi hanymdyq dәrejege jetip, el basqaru isine aralasqan tarihymyzdaghy tanymal túlgha. Ol 1780 jyldyng 31 mamyrynda ómirden ótip, Batys Qazaqstandaghy Elekke qúyatyn Josaly ózenining jogharghy jaghyndaghy qorymgha jerlengen. Bopay hanymdy Ábish agha Beket atanyng naghashysy Nazarqojanyng әieli Ikәimen birge tughan Tabynaydan taraytyn Tabyldynyng qyzy dep esepteydi. Ony shejireshi qarttar da teriske shygharmaydy.

Beket ata – “sopylyq jolyn” ústa­nyp, ondaghy eng biyik dәreje Pir mәr­tebesine jetken islam әlemindegi sanauly túlghalardyng biri.

“Sopy – sufiy”, “sopylyq – sufizm” sózin kóptegen din zertteushileri arabtyng “suf” – aq jýn, “sufi” – jýn shekpen kiy­gen adam, “safa” – tazalyq, “safua” – tan­dauly bolu degen sózderining birinen shyq­qan bolar dese, Ábu Rayhan Beruny men tarihshy ghalym Dmitriy Eremeev ony grek­ting “sofiya” – dana, “sofos” – da­na­lyq degen sózinen auysqan dep esept­eydi.

Shyndyghynda da, bizding zamanymyzgha deyingi VI-V ghasyrlarda ómir sýrgen Pro­togor, Gorgiy, Gippiy, Prodiyk, An­tifont, Kritiy, Likofron, Alkidamant, Trasimah sekildi zamandastaryna jaqsy tәrbie beruding jayymen ainalysqan grek oishyldary men ghúlamalaryn “sofister – da­nalar” dep ataghan. Sokrat, Platon, Ariys­to­telider osy “sofister” iliminen nәr al­ghandar. Keyinirek rimdikter aqyly qyzmet kór­setetin bilgir múghalimderdi de “sofister” degen.

Payghambarymyzdyng kózi tiri kezinde onyng Mediynedegi meshitining batys jaghynda qúrma aghashtarynan jasalghan kólenkelik bolghan. Ol jerge Mediynege ilim alu ýshin kelgen ýii joq adamdar túraqtaghan. Kó­lenkelik “sofy” dep, al ony mekendegen adamdar “ashab-y sofy” dep atalghan. Payghambarymyz olardyng túrmystyq qajettilikterining óteluin qadaghalap otyrghan jәne islam dinining qaghidalarynan dәris bergen. Qajetti bilim alghandary Paygham­barymyzdyng úigharymymen dýniyening әr tarapyna din taratugha jiberilgen.

Sopylardyng kópshiligi Alla syilaghan erekshe qasiyetteri bar jandar. “Súpy” demey “sopy” dep jazuymyz da sondyqtan. “Darvin maymyldan shyqty, men kók bóriden jaraldym”, – deydi ghoy Bauyrjan Momyshúly. Biz sóz etetin sopylar da jýn shekpen kiygender emes, danalyqtyng jolyn qughan, aq jýrekti adamdar.

Sopylyqtyng susyndar qaynar búlaghy Islam shariaty. Ol – býkil bolmystyng neden túratynyn týsindirip bere alatyn, qanday qogham bolsa da onyng túraqtylyghyn saqtay otyryp, sol qoghamgha nәrli ruhany qorek úsynatyn, adaldyq pen ruhany tazalyqty bәrinen joghary qoyyp, adam jýreginde úyalaghan jaramsyz kórinisterden qútylu sharalaryn ýiretetin, jýrektegi izgi sipattardy saqtaudyng әri kóbeytuding joldaryn kórsetetin, “jetilgen adam” dәrejesine jetu zandaryn týsindiretin ilim.

“Sharighat bazarynda sayrandagham, Maghripat baqshasynda jayrandagham, Tariqat sarayynda tayrandagham, Haqiqat esigin men ashtym mine”, – dep jazghan Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyz ózining 34-shi hikmetinde: “Tariqat jiberedi jerge tyghyp, búl jolgha qalamasang týspeng dostar”, – deydi. Sebebi sopylyq joldy ústanu әr músylmannyng erkindegi, óz yqtiyarymen ghana atqarylatyn is. Ol – adamnyng ózine qosymsha mindettemeler aluy arqyly ózin-ózi jetildiru tәsili, din ghúlamalary әli kýnge deyin birjaqty baghasyn bere almay kele jatqan músylmandardyng belgili bir bóligining tirlik etu daghdysy men ómir sýru saltyna ainalghan qúpiya ilim, bastauy bar, óz zamanynyng úlylary ghana ústanghan, óte qasiyetti, asa qadirli, tym jinishke jol.

Sopylar arasynda: “Men bir-aq nәrseni anyq bilemin, ol mening eshtene bilmeytindigim”, – degen óte mәndi sóz bar. Shyndyghynda әlemdik ghylymgha sýbeli ýles qosyp, biraz janalyq engizgen islam ghalymdary men músylman aqyndarynyng basym bóligi óz zamanynda “sopylyq joldy” ústanghan. Óitkeni XVII ghasyrda ómir sýrgen Kashmir ghalymy Siradj ad-Din aitqanday, sopylardyng kópshiligi “jetilgen adamdar”. Al “jetilgen adam” bir mezgilde birneshe ólshemde ómir sýredi, sondyqtan qatarynan birneshe ghylymdy iygere alady, adam tanghalarlyq keremetter kórsetedi. “Myng bir týn” men Qoja­nasyrdyng (Qoja Nasr ad-Diyn) filoso­fiyalyq mәni zor әngimelerining negizin salghan da sol sopylar.

Sopylar biylikten aulaq, sayasattan syrt jýrudi dúrys sanaydy. Biraq memleket basshysyna adal bolyp, riyasyz be­ril­gendik ta­nytady jәne Allagha esh alansyz sy­yy­nyp, kemeldenui ýshin ózi ómir sýrgen elinde tynyshtyq boluyna ayanbay atsalysady.

Sopylyq joldyng ruhany basshysyn arabtar “sheyh” (aqsaqal), parsylar “piyr” (aqsaqal), al qazaqtar “pir” deydi. Sopylar salty boyynsha Pir kózining tirisinde ornyn basatyn bolashaq pirdi anyqtap ketedi, yaghny shәkirtterining arasyndaghy asa daryndy­syna batasyn berip, óz ornyna Pir bolugha nemese óz aldyna janadan jol qúryp, soghan Pir bolugha rúqsat etedi.

Úly ústaz Baqirjan Qojanyng tandauy bizding Atamyzgha týsipti, sýiikti shәkirtine batasyn berip, ózi sol jyly mәngilik sapargha attanypty. Búl 1789-90 jyldar shamasy bolsa kerek. Sóitip, Beket ata 40 jasynda ústazy Muhammad Baqirjan Ázizden bata alyp, islam әlemine tanymal “sopylyq joldyn” Piri bolady.

Bizding estuimizshe qazaq jerinde ómir sýrgen ghúlamalardyng ishinen tek Qoja Ahmet Yasauy babamyz ben Beket Myrza­ghúlúly atamyz ghana “sopylyq joldyn” Piri bolypty. Onyng ekeui de әuliyelikting eng jogharghy satysy “gaus” dәrejesine jetken de­linedi. Qazaqtaghy “Pirding sony – Beket, er­ding sony – Eset”, “Mediynede – Mú­ham­med, Týrkistanda – Qoja Ahmet, Man­ghys­tau­da – Pir Beket” degen sózder sodan bolsa kerek.

Qazaqtar úlystyng diny basshysy bolyp saylanghan әulie adamdardy da “pir” dep ataghan. Biraq olar sopylyq joldyng pirinen bólek. Mәselen, 1680 jyly Kýltóbedegi jiynda Tәuke han saylanghanda ýsh jýzding bii “aruaq salystyru” arqyly kereyt Mýsirәli Jәdikúlyn “býkil qazaqtyng piri” etip saylap, esimine “sopy әziyz” degen at qosady (Kiye, әruaq turaly ghylym – agiologiyada “tan­ghajayyp sayys” dep atalatyn búl sharagha úly jýzden Ayqoja, orta jýzden Shortanbay qoja, kishi jýzden Mýsirәli, qaraqalpaqtan Kýnqoja, qyrghyzdan Bekqoja, ózbekten Abdulla qoja qatynasady.)

Pir bolu ýshin sopy “mashayyq” mәr­te­besine, yaghny tereng bilimdi, óte aqyldy, perishteler ayan beretin abyz dәrejesine jetui kerek. Búl – pir bolu ýshin sopylargha qoyylatyn eng basty talap, pirlerde bolugha tiyisti negizgi qasiyet. Pirding basty mindeti de osy, qazaqsha aitqanda “úly ústaz”, “abyz” bolu.

Sopylyq joldaghylar pirdi asa qadirleydi, ózara “pirindi qúbyla tút” desedi, tipti Qoja Ahmet Yasauiydin: “Eger pirsiz qúdaygha jýz, myng ret basyndy sen iyseng de, qúday seni sýiiktisi etpeydi”, degen ósiyeti de bar deydi.

Din zertteushi ghalymdar sopylyq jol­dyng pirlerining óz qonystaryn jyl ishinde әldeneshe dýrkin ózgertip otyratynyn aitady. Tipti qaysybireuleri bir orynda 40 kýnnen artyq otyrmaghan. Dintanushy gha­lymdar búl qonysaudarular Allagha siy­nugha qolayly oryndardyng jyl ishindegi auysyp otyruyna baylanysty deydi. Al sopylardyng ózderi “IYlengen terining tazaryp, júmsaryp, әrlenetini siyaqty, adam da qonys audaryp, qiyndyq kórip, tua bitken nashar qylyqtary men dórekiliginen arylyp, jan dýniyesi tazaryp, meyirbandyq payda bolyp, dinge degen birbetkeyliginen qútylady” dep esepteydi. Atamyzdyng Oghylandyda negizgi meshiti boluy, birneshe jerden jerasty meshitterin saluy sondyq­tan. Sebebi, Pirlerding negizgi qonysynda “zaviya” bolsa, qosalqy qonystarynda onyng kishileu týri “daira” salynady.

Áuliyelikting “gaus” delinetin eng jogharghy satysyna kóterilip, “eli men jerining jebeushisi” atanghan Abyz ata, asa biyik mәrtebe “mashayyq” dәreje­sine jetip, “zamanynyng úly sopysy” ataghyn alghan islam әlemindegi erekshe tanymal Túlgha, barsha músylman dýniyesi moyynda­ghan әigili “sopylyq joldyn” shiyrek ghasyr ruhany basshysy bolghan Úlaghatty ústaz, úlan dalanyng úlys úranyna ainalghan Úly perzenti Pir Beket turaly adam tanghalarlyq ghajayyp әngimelerge anyz dep qaramauymyz kerek. Ol – anyz emes, shyndyq. Tek biz, qarapayym adamdar, qyryn týsine al­may­tyn, syryn bile bermeytin shyndyq.

Basshy ÁZIRHANOV, sayasy ghylymdar kandidaty

Abai.kz