Agroónerkәsip kesheni – Qazaqstan eko­nomikasynyng negizgi jәne erekshe bolashaghy bar ózekti salasy. Álemning sanauly elderi ghana auyl sharuashylyghyn damytuda bizding әleuetimizben salys­tyr­maly týrde ghana tenesedi. Álem halyq­tary­nyng ósuine oray azyq-týlikti eks­port­taugha qabiletti memleketter kóp úza­may әlemdik naryqta kóshbasshy bola­ty­nyn býginning ózinde de angharu qiyn emes.

Bizding elde de memleket tarapynan auyl sharuashylyghyn damytugha jyl­dan-jylgha airyqsha kónil bólinude. Osy salany qarjylandyru kólemi úl­ghayyp, jana baghdarlamalar әzirlenude, mem­lekettik qoldaudyng jana tetikteri jasa­luda. Eger statistikalyq derekter­ge sýiensek, oidaghyday túraqty ósuin bay­qaymyz: jalpy ónimning kólemi men sa­lany inves­tisiyalau artyp, ja­na auyl­sharuashylyq nysandary paydalanugha berilude.

Sonymen qatar, auylsharuashylyq ónim­derin syrtqa shygharu artqan sayyn, auylsharuashylyq tauarlarynyng baghasy ósedi, auylsharuashylyq eksportynyng qúrylymy nege ózgermeydi degen saualdar kópshilikti jii mazalaydy.

Agroónerkәsip kesheni – Qazaqstan eko­nomikasynyng negizgi jәne erekshe bolashaghy bar ózekti salasy. Álemning sanauly elderi ghana auyl sharuashylyghyn damytuda bizding әleuetimizben salys­tyr­maly týrde ghana tenesedi. Álem halyq­tary­nyng ósuine oray azyq-týlikti eks­port­taugha qabiletti memleketter kóp úza­may әlemdik naryqta kóshbasshy bola­ty­nyn býginning ózinde de angharu qiyn emes.

Bizding elde de memleket tarapynan auyl sharuashylyghyn damytugha jyl­dan-jylgha airyqsha kónil bólinude. Osy salany qarjylandyru kólemi úl­ghayyp, jana baghdarlamalar әzirlenude, mem­lekettik qoldaudyng jana tetikteri jasa­luda. Eger statistikalyq derekter­ge sýiensek, oidaghyday túraqty ósuin bay­qaymyz: jalpy ónimning kólemi men sa­lany inves­tisiyalau artyp, ja­na auyl­sharuashylyq nysandary paydalanugha berilude.

Sonymen qatar, auylsharuashylyq ónim­derin syrtqa shygharu artqan sayyn, auylsharuashylyq tauarlarynyng baghasy ósedi, auylsharuashylyq eksportynyng qúrylymy nege ózgermeydi degen saualdar kópshilikti jii mazalaydy.

Sebebi, otandyq auyl sharuashylyghy ónimderining basym bóligi әlemdik naryq­taghy bәsekege týsuge qauqarsyz. Auyl sharuashylyghynyng bәsekege qabilettiligi aldymen ónimdi óndiru barysynda qol­danylatyn tehnologiyalardyng dengeyi­men anyqtalady. Demek, býgingi kýnning ózekti taqyryptarynyng qatarynda kóterilgen mәsele auyl sharuashylyghyna bólingen qarjynyng kólemin úlghaytu ghana emes, salanyng ghylymy innovasiyalyq jaghyn qalpyna keltirip, ony jetildiru.

Sonday-aq, keleshekte Qazaqstannyng Býkilәlemdik sauda úiymyna kirui de kýn tәrtibinde túrghan taqyryptardyng biri, olay bolsa agroónerkәsip keshenindegi memlekettik qoldau sharalaryn «sary qorjyngha» baylanysty qysqartu kerek bolady da, sol sәtte ghylymdy mem­­le­ket­tik investisiyalau boyynsha búl sanatqa, atap aitqanda, «jasyl qorjyngha» onday shekteuler tara­tylmaghan.

Sol sebepti tek býgin tehnologiyalyq je­tildiru mәselesine sapaly sekiris pen qoljetimdi, tiyimdi innovasiya­lar qajet. Agroónerkәsip kesheni ýshin ontayly agrotehnologiya, joghary ónimdilik әkeletin súryptar men budandar, mol ónim be­retin maldar, joghary ónimdilikke qol jetkizetin mashinalar men jabdyqtar kerek. Osynday innovasiya qúrudyng negizin tek ózindik, joghary damyghan agrarlyq zert­teu jýiesi arqyly ghana iske asyrugha bolady.

Týsinikti bolu ýshin birneshe mysal­dar keltirip keteyin. Qazaqstanmen salys­tyr­ghanda, tabighat jaghdayy salqyndau Avstraliyada bidaydyng ónimdiligi eki ese kóp. Múnyng qúpiyasy nede? Avstraliya auylsharuashylyq salasy boyynsha әlemdegi eng ýzdik ghylymiy-zertteu jýiesin qalyptastyrdy. Avstraliya ghalymdary biotehnologiyany ýzdiksiz damytyp, súryptyng sipattamasy boyynsha erekshe týrlerin jasaugha bolatynyn kórsetti. Genomika salasy boyynsha ghylymdaghy jetistikke jetu auyl sharuashylyghynda súryptaudy arzan jәne qysqa uaqytta jýzege asyrugha jol ashady. Mysaly, juyrda Kvinslend uniyversiytetining ghalymdary bar-joghy eki jarym jyl ishinde qajetti túqymdardy jiyntyqtau arqyly bidaydyng jana súrpyn oilap tapty. Búrynghy dәstýrli әdispen súryp jasaugha 15 jyldan as­tam uaqyt ketetin. Qoryta aitqanda, Avstraliya fermerleri ýshin eng zamanauy agrotehnologiya men seleksiyalyq jetistikterde qoljetimdilik bar. Eldegi agrarlyq ghylym salasyndaghy kýshti ghylymy jasampazdyq – Avstra­liyanyng әlemdik azyq-týlik naryghyndaghy negizgi bәsekelestiktegi artyqshylyghy.

Mal sharuashylyghy salasynan bir mysal. AQSh, Fransiya, Kanadada iri qara maldy asyldandyrudy jaqsartu shetelden asyl túqymdy maldy әkelu jolymen emes, josparly týrde túqymdyq qúramgha genomdyq súryptaudy engizu jolymen sheshilude. Genotipting ereksheligimen tanysqan song arnayy әdistemening negi­zinde naqty әr malgha jas kezinen bas­tap sharuashylyq qúndylyghyn tanyp, onyng ýzdik әleuettik baghytyn damytudy anyqtaydy. Odan әri qaray tabynnyng asyl túqymdy qúndylyghyn jedel kóteru ýshin jana reproduktivti tehnologiya keninen qoldanylady. Nәtiyjesinde on­tayly budandastyrudy tandau arqyly naqty sharuashylyqqa qajetti sipattama negizinde tabyndy jasaqtaugha mýmkindik alady.

Genomdyq súryptaudy qoldanu nәtiy­jesinde Fransiyada songhy 20 jylda sauyn sýtining kólemin bir siyrgha shaq­qanda jylyna 4-ten 6 myng litrge art­tyrghan nemese 1,5 esege ósken. Búl jaghdayda sýtting sapasy talapqa say týr­li baghyttaghy qayta óndeuden keyin de tú­raqty bolady. Áriyne, búl jay tehnolo­giya emes, osynyng arqasynda asyl túqymdy mal sharuashylyghyn túraqty jәne ornyqty damytudy qamtamasyz etu mýmkindigi jasalady. Al, maldy asyldandyru ýshin shetten tasymaldanghan mal uaqyt óte kele ózining tektiligin joghaltady.

Taghy bir auyl sharuashylyghyn inno­va­siyalyq damytugha jarqyn mysal – Niyderlandy eli. Jer kólemi biz­ding Almaty oblysynyng besten bir bóli­gine teng bola túra, jylyna qúny 50 mlrd. AQSh dollaryn qúraytyn auyl­sharua­shylyq ónimderin eksportqa shygharyp, әlemde AQSh-tan keyin ekinshi oryndaghy eksporttaushy retinde tanylyp otyr. Búl elding auyl sharuashylyghynyng qúdi­ret­tiligi nede? Niyderlandynyng agrar­lyq sala­daghy ekonomikalyq jәne tehno­lo­giya­­lyq sayasatynyng qalyptasuy negi­zi­nen әlem­degi auyl sharuashylyghy sala­syn­da­ghy jetekshi nysan – Vageningen zert­­teu uniyversiytetimen tyghyz baylanysty.

Búl elde jeke auyl sharuashylyghy ministrligi de joq. Barlyq týbegeyli sheshimderdi sheshu óndiristen kóbine shet qalghan sheneunikter emes, ghalymdardyng eksperttik bilimderi men tәjiriybening naqty mәseleleri negizinde dayyndalady. Vageningen uniyversiyteti últtyq agroinnovasiyalyq klasterdi úiymdastyrudyng jemisti qúrylymy bolyp tabylady. Ony Niyderlandynyng «Azyq-týlik alqaby» dep atap, AQSh-tyng ataqty Silikon alqabymen tenestiredi, bir ghana bilim ortalyghynyng keshenine biriktirilgen, ghylymiy-zertteu instituty, tehnopark pen Vageningen uniyversiyteti – gollandiyalyq agro­óner­kәsip keremetining generatory deuge de bolady.

Kóptegen zertteuler kórsetkendey, agrarlyq ghylymdy investisiya­lau auyl sharuashylyghyn tikeley inves­tisiya­la­ghannan barynsha tiyimdi. 1992 jyl­dyng ózinde-aq Kanada ghalymdary auyl sharuashylyghyn zertteuge ketken әr dollardyng ónimdiligining ósui 40 dol­largha teneskenin anyqtady. Búl mysaldardan kórip otyrghanymyzday, jalpy, әlemdegi auyl sharuashylyghy myqty damyghan memleketter agrarlyq ghylymdy damytugha basymdyq beredi. Ghylym tek auylsharuashylyq óndirisining negizinde ghana emes, ol tútasymen memleketting saya­satyna da qatysty.

Mine, sondyqtan Elbasy biyl­ghy Joldauynda otandyq auyl sharua­shy­ly­ghyn zertteu jýiesin damytu men agro­óner­kәsip keshenin agroinnovasiyalyq klaster negizinde damytu qajettiligin atap ótti. Degenmen, býgingi oryn alyp otyr­ghan jaghdaylardy saraptay otyryp, bizding qazirgi auylsharuashylyq ghylymy atyshuly tútqasy joq shabadandy eske týsiredi. Eskirgen shabadandy laqtyryp jiberuge qimaysyn, al sýiretip jýrer bolsan, budjetke týser paydasy kýmәn tughyzady. Ayta keterlik bir jayt, auylsharuashylyq jýiesin zertteude tek qarjy kólemin úlghay­tu qajettilikti ótemeydi. Agrar­lyq ghylymdy úiymdastyrudyng ózin­de ózgerister qajet. Biz auyl sharua­shy­ly­ghyn zertteu jaghynan әlemning jetek­shi memleketterinen aitarlyqtay kenje­lep qalghanymyz ras, kóptegen bilik­ti mamandarymyzdy, birtútas ghyly­my baghyttarymyzdy joghalttyq. Endi qaytadan elimizde jana zamanauy ghyly­my mektepterdi qúruymyz qajet. Búl mә­se­leni biz tek óz kýshimizben sheshe almay­myz. Sol ýshin әlemning jetekshi ghylymy ortalyqtarymen әriptestikti damytyp, qazirgi uaqyttaghy Nazarbaev Uniyversiytetindegidey sheteldik belgili ghalymdardy talantty jastarymyzben birigip júmys jasaugha tartuymyz kerek. Búl bizge qysqa merzimde salanyng kókeykesti mindetterin sheshu ýshin jetispeytin jeke qúzyrettiligimizding ósuine jaghday jasaydy.

Álemdik tәjiriybe kórsetkendey, qazirgi uaqytta agrarlyq ghylym men jogha­ry bilimdi úiymdastyrudyng ontay­ly tәsili zertteu uniyversiytetteri bolyp túr. Tek osy arqyly ghana ghylymiy-zert­teu ýderisterdi, mamandardy dayar­lau men ghylymy nәtiyjelerdi tәjiriybege engizudi ýilesimdi sheshedi. Zertteu uniy­­ver­siytetteri ozat innovasiyalardy tә­ji­riybede qoldana alatyn jәne sa­la­ny tehnologiyalyq modernizasiya­lau­dy is jýzinde ózgeriske keltiretin jol kórsetushi mamandardy dayarlaugha mým­­kin­dik beredi. Qoryta kelgende, Avstra­­liya men Niyderlandyda agrarlyq ghyly­miy-zertteu uniyversiytetterine sho­ghyr­­­langhan. Al, AQSh, Kanada, Úly­briy­ta­niyada songhy jyldary auyl sharua­shy­lyghy salasyn ghyly­my qam­ta­masyz etude zertteu uniyver­siy­tet­teri­ning ró­lining ósu ýrdisi bayqalady. Bú­dan biz­ding týietinimiz, agrarlyq zertteu uniyver­siyteti Qazaq­standaghy jana agro­iyn­no­va­siyalyq klas­terding ózegi bolugha tiyis.

Preziydentting 2013 jyldyng mamyr aiynda ótken Shetel investorlary kenesining otyrysynda bergen tapsyrmasyna oray S.Seyfullin atyndaghy Qazaq agrotehnikalyq uniyversiytetin Nazarbaev Uniyversiytetining ýlgisimen agrarlyq zertteu uniyversiytetine ainaldyrugha kiristik. Degenmen, býgin­ning ózinde-aq búl sharalardy úiym­dastyru jóninde birqatar kedergiler kezdesude. Auylsharuashylyq keshe­nin innovasiyalyq damytu men agroiyn­no­vasiyalyq klaster qúrugha ba­ghyt­talghan Elbasy Joldauynda aityl­ghan núsqau bizding josparlarymyzdy ai­qyndap, ony jýzege asyrugha senimdilik berdi. Búl arqyly biz intellektualdyq әleuetting keshendi damuy arqyly Qazaqstangha ózindik shúrayly «Azyq-týlik alqabyn» jasaugha mýmkindik bere alarymyzgha nyq senemiz.

Aqylbek KÝRIShBAEV,

S.Seyfullin atyndaghy Qazaq agrotehnikalyq uniyversiytetining rektory, professor.

Abai.kz