Raqymjan Qoshqarbaevqa 100 jyl!

Ataq danq ýshin, bas paydasy ýshin emes, ot pen oqtyng bel ortasynda jýrip, erlik jasap batyr atanghan túlghalar halqymyzda jeterlik. Olar adam sengisiz erlik jasarda tarihta atym qalsyn, degen siyaqty pendeshilik oilardyng bolmaghany ras. 

«Er elding ainasy», - demekshi elimizde bilekting kýshimen, nayzanyng úshymen elin qorghap qalghan batyr ata-babalarymyzdyng erlik isteri býgingi úrpaqqa ýlgi bolarlyqtay. Tym arghy ghasyrlargha barmay-aq osy HH ghasyrda bolghan Úly Otan soghysynda erlik kórsetip, tarihta aty qalghan batyr babalarymyz qanshama. «Malym janymnyng sadaqasy, janym arymnyng sadaqasy», - dep ótken erlerding esimi esh uaqytta úmytylmay úrpaqtan-úrpaqqa jetetini aqiqat. Batyr babalarymyz jayly jyr dastandar halyq jadynda saqtalyp, osy kýnge jetip qaghazdargha týsirilip, kitap bolyp shyghyp jatqany da quantady. Aqyn, jazushy, filosof, tarihshy, kompozitor Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiúlynyn:

«Ótken adam bolady kózden tasa,
Óldi-óshti, ony eshkim oilamasa.
Ol ketse de belgisi joghalmaydy,
Kerektisin eskerip, úmytpasa...
A, Qúday, kýnәmdi óshir, sauapqa jaz,
Tausylmaydy rahmatyn, ne bolmaydy az.
Jan ketip, aghayyn, mal qalghan kezde,
Ólmes, óshpes dәuletim – osy qaghaz [1]...», - dep  jazyp ketken jyrlary da biraz syr shertedi, әri oilandyrady jәne tanqaldyrady...

Qazirgi tandaghy basty mindetterding biri, Aqtandaqtar aqiqatyn ashyp, batyr babalarymyzdyng erlikterin, tarihy naqty derekterge sýienip zerttep, olardyng mol múrasyn keyingi úrpaqqa amanattap jetkizu.

Tolyqqandy zertteuler jýrgizip, tarihy shyndyqty ashu ýshin, arhivtik qújattardyng manyzy óte zor. Arhiyv-tarihtyng qaynar búlaghy, halqymyzdyng mol múrasy, qymbat qazynasy.

Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Ortalyq memlekettik arhiv (QR OMA) qorlarynda saqtaudaghy qymbat qazynalardyng bir bóligi – búl jeke tektik qújattar. Jeke tektik qújattar: әdebiyet, óner, aqyn-jazushylar, Úly Otan soghysynyng batyrlary, qogham men memleket qayratkerleri, ghylym men halyq sharuashylyghynyng barlyq salalarynda erekshe enbegimen tanylghan túlghalardyng ómir joldaryn beyneleytin qújattar.

Osynday batyr babalarymyzdyng biri, Berlindi alugha qatysqan, reyhstagqa tu tikken, Úly Otan soghysynyng ardageri, «Halyq qaharmany», 2364 jeke qor iyesi – Raqymjan Qoshqarbaev.

Raqymjan Qoshqarbaev - 1924 jyly 19 qazanda Aqmola oblysy, Aqmola audany, Taytóbe auylyna jaqyn ornalasqan Qyryqqúdyq qystaghynda, kedey-sharua janúyasynda dýniyege kelgen. Sheshesi Jamal Raqymjan 4-ke kelgende dýnie salady. Ákesi Musiyn, Qoshqarbay balasy 13-ke tolghanda jalamen qughyn-sýrginge úshyraydy. Raqymjan әueli auyldaghy bastauysh mektepti ayaqtap, 1937-1941 jyldary Tay-Tóbe kolhozyndaghy jetim balalar ýiinde tәrbiyelenip, 8-shi synypty ayaqtap, joldama arqyly ortalau bilimmen qosa mamandyq beretin, Balqash qalasyndaghy fabrika-zavod uchiliyshesin tәmamdaydy [2].

1941-1942 jyldary Voroshilov atyndaghy kolhozda esepshi qyzmetin atqarady. 1942 jyly nebәri 18 jasynda Qyzyl әsker qataryna shaqyrylady. 1943 jyldyng tamyz aiynan, 1944 jyldyng qazan aiy aralyghynda Frunze (Bishkek) qalasyndaghy jayau-әsker uchiliyshesine oqugha jiberilip, ony ayaqtaghan song leytenant sheninde Úly Otan soghysyna attanady [3]. 150-shi Idrisk atqyshtar diviziyasynyng qúramynda Polishany fashisterden azat etuge qatysyp, soghys sheruin Berlinde ayaqtaydy. Ol 1-shi Beloruss maydanynyng 150-shi Idrisk atqyshtar diviziyasynyng qúramynda vzvod komandiyri qyzmetinde, Berlindi azat etuge qatysyp, V.Davydov tapsyrghan batalion shabuyl tuyn, Grigoriy Bulatov ekeui alghashqylardyng biri bolyp, 360 metr jerdi segiz saghatta jýrip, Reyhstag qabyrghasyna ilgen bolatyn. Sóitip, eng aldynghy shepte jatqan 150-shi Idrisk atqyshtar diviziyasynyng kapitan V. Davydovtyng basqarghan bataliony, 1945 jyly 30 sәuirde alghash Reyhstagqa Qyzyl tu tikken. Osy erligi ýshin Qyzyl Tu ordenimen marapattalghan [4].

Raqymjan Qoshqarbaev óz kitabyndaghy («Jenis jalauy», Almaty 1978):  ...«Jalau qayda? Jenis jalauy! Ol mening qolymda túr edi. Al qay jerge tigu kerek jalaudy? Neghúrlym biyigirek jerge bekite alsaq jarar edi. Áne, ýiding ekinshi qabatyna tayau-astynghy terezening bir-eki kirpishin snaryad júlyp týsirip, ketik bolyp qalypty. Ázirge búghan qolayly jer osy.

Sol tústa tayap bardym da:

- Grisha, shyq mening iyghyma, ana  bir terezening jogharghy jaghyndaghy ketikti kórip túrsyng ba? Jalaudy sol jerge bekit! - dedim de, aghash sapqa oralghan qyzyl matany Bulatovqa úsyndym.

Bulatov ala boyly, taldyrmash qana jigit. Shamasy salmaghy da onsha auyr bolmasa kerek. Qabyrghagha jabysa túrghan mening iyghyma shyqty. Sәlden song sol jerge bir nәrse dýnk ete týsti.

- O, ne boldy? - dedim tistene. Tistenip túrghanym ayaghym úiyp bara jatqan siyaqty. Jaralanghanymdy endi sezip túrghandaymyn.

- Bir kirpishti týsirip aldym, - dedi Bulatov. Sodan song ol: - Jalaudy ildim, joldas leytenant! - dep jerge qarghyp týsti.

Men shegine berip, joghary qaradym.

- Ura! - dedim sybyrlay sóilep. - Jenis jalauy Reyhstagta! Bulatovtyng eki ezui eki qúlaghynda. Balasha mәz bolyp túr. Ol nebәri 19-aq jastaghy balang jigit.

Sol sәtte jel túrdy da, biz tikken jenis jalauyn tolqyndatyp, jelbirete týsti.

Áldebir juan dingek týbine otyra kettik. Eki kózimiz ózimiz tikken jenis jalauynda! Ol jelmen oinap jelbirep bizding jauyngerlerdi beyne bir shaqyryp túrghanday edi. Biz ony qadap saghatymyzgha qaraghanda, uaqyt keshki alty jarym edi. Birazdan keyin úiyp bara jatqan ong sanymdy sipap kórip edim, dym bilindi.

- Mening ayaghyma oq tiyse kerek Grisha. Ong jaq sanymnan dym bilinedi.

- Pәle, bizding su emes jerimiz joq qoy, joldas leytenant, - dedi de pilotkasymen mandayyn sýrtip, kýlip jauap berdi Bulatov. Sodan song ol ong ayaghyma qarap: - Toqtay túrynyzshy, shynynda da, qan bilinetin siyaqty, - dedi Bulatov qolma-qol qaltasyndaghy dәkesi men yodyn aldy. - Jaranyzdy kórsetiniz,tanyp bereyin, - dep ynghaylana bastady.

- Kórsetkeni nesi, ana belindegi qanjardy al da, galiyfeni sógip jiber.

Grisha mening aitqanymdy istedi de jarany kórip:

- Tura san etinizdi bir-eki santiymetrdey tilip ótipti. Sýiegi aman siyaqty, - dep yod jagha bastady. Ashytyp barady. Tek dәkemen myqtap orap tastaghannan keyin baryp, ashyghany da úiyghany da basyla berdi.

Sýiegi aman ekenin ózim de jana Bulatovty iyghyma shygharyp túrghanda sengenmin. Sýiek sau bolmasa, әriyne auru ayaqpen darday jigitti kóterip túru onay bolmas edi.

- Ólmesek jasymyz úzaq bolady, bauyrym! - dedim Grishagha әzildep.

- Joq, joldas leytenant! Endi biz ólmeymiz.Onsyz da myna ýsh jýz metr jerden ótip, reyhstagqa jetkenshe ekeumiz jýz ret ólip, jýz ret tirildik emes pe! Sol da jetedi bizge! [5]»...

Shyny kerek, 21 jastaghy adamnyng osynshama erlik jasaghany tanghalarlyqtay jaghday.

Batyr babamyz maydandaghy ózge de erlikteri ýshin, 1-dәrejeli Otan soghysy ordenimen, «Za pobedu nad Germaniey y Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne 1941-1945 godov», «20-let Pobedy Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne 1941-1945 godov» jәne t.b. medalidarmen marapattalghan. German Demokratiyalyq Respublikasymen dostyq qarym-qatynas ornatuda sinirgen enbegi ýshin «GDR sosialistik enbek ozaty», «GDR jәne SSSR dostyghy» atty Qúrmetti kýmis medalidary berilgen.

1965 jyly R. Qoshqarbaev GDR enbekshilerining shaqyruymen fashizmdi jenuding 20-jyldyghyna arnalghan Berlin qalasynda ótken saltanatqa qatysady. Osy saltanatty keshte onyng esimi keme jasaytyn eki sosialistik brigadagha beriledi.

Raqymjan Qoshqarbaevqa 1965 jyly Berlin qalasynyn, 1975 jyly Arqalyq, 1980 jyly Selinograd, Balqash qalalarynyng Qúrmetti azamaty atty ataqtary berilgen.

1988 jyly 10 tamyzda R. Qoshqarbaev dýniyeden ozdy [6].

1999 jyly Qazaqstan Respublikasy Preziydentining jarlyghymen Raqymjan Qoshqarbaevqa, Úly Otan soghysyndaghy erligi ýshin jogharghy erekshelik belgisi, «Halyq qaharmany» ataghy berilgen [7].

R. Qoshqarbaevtyng esimi «1941-1945 j. Úly Otan soghysy tarihy», «Qazaqstan tarihy», «Qazaq Sovet ensiklopediyasynda», general V.M. Shatilovting «Znamya nad Reyhstagom» atty kitabinde jәne ózge de kóptegen Úly Otan soghysy ardagerlerining estelikterinde atalady. Onyng óshpes erligi jóninde qazaqtyng aqyn-jazushylar jazghan poemalar, balladalar, ólender jeke jinaq bolyp jaryq kórgen.

Alda aityp ótkendey, batyr babalar úrpaqtarynyng basty mindetterding biri, Aqtandaqtar aqiqatyn ashyp, batyr babalarymyzdyng erlikterin, tarihy naqty derekterge sýienip zertteu. Olay bolsa  reyhstagqa eng birinshi bolyp tu tikken bizding babamyz ekenin dәleldeu.

Batyr babamyzdyng esimi úmytylmay, ol kisi turaly әli de talay ghylymy enbekter men dastandar, ólen-jyrlar jazyla beretini sózsiz.

Ghaliya Menlibaeva,

Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Ortalyq memlekettik arhiyvining qyzmetkeri.                                     

[1] Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiúly: Shygharmalar jinaghy «Ólke» baspasy

[2] QROMA, 2364 qor, 1 tizimdeme, 2, 28 ister

[3] QROMA, 2364 qor, 1 tizimdeme,  177, 181, 186 ister

[4] QROMA, 2364 qor, 1 tizimdeme, 35, 142, 147, 155, 156, 185, 225 ister

[5] Raqymjan Qoshqarbaev: Jenis jalauy.  Almaty: «Jalyn» baspasy, 1978, 154-155 better

[6] QROMA, 2364 qor, 1 tizimdeme, 30 is

[7] QROMA, 2364 qor, 1 tizimdeme, 33, 185 ister

Abai.kz