Qazirgi Qazaqstan aumaghynda ómir sýrgen andronovo mәdeniyetining taypalary qola dәuirinde metallurgiya men qolónerdi joghary dengeyde damyta alghan. Búl turaly belgili arheolog Emma Usmanova Qaraghandyda ótken Qalam Global dәrisinde aityp berdi.

Andronovo mәdeniyeti bizding dәuirimizge deyingi II mynjyldyqta Ontýstik Oraldan Batys Sibir men Tәjikstangha deyingi aumaqta qalyptasqan. Al onyng ortalyghy qazirgi Qazaqstan aumaghynda ornalasqan, múnda andronovolyqtar sheber metallurg retinde mys, qalayy jәne basqa metaldar bar ken oryndaryn iygergen.

«Qazaqstan qola dәuirinde Euraziyanyng ejelgi halyqtary ýshin naghyz sheberhanagha ainaldy. Malahit jәne kuprit siyaqty totyqqan ken qola búiymdaryn jasaudyng negizi boldy, búl tarihtyng baghytyn ózgertti», - dedi Emma Usmanova Qalam Global dәrisinde.

Andronovo mәdeniyetinde metallurgiya jay ghana qolóner emes, kiyeli syy dep eseptelgen. Kenshiler men metallurgter qoghamda joghary mәrtebege ie bolghan, óitkeni olardyng enbegi aimaqtyng ekonomikalyq jәne mәdeny damuynyng negizin qúraghan. Sonday-aq ústalar da manyzdy ról atqarghan: olar enbek qúraldary men qaru-jaraq jasap qana qoymay, jerleu rәsimderin de atqarysqan.

«Metalmen júmys istep, býkil órkeniyetting negizin qalaghan kenshi men metallurg — sol dәuirdi qalyptastyrghan kәsip iyeleri. Olardyng enbegi qasiyetti sanalghan, ot jәne ruhpen baylanysty bolghan», - dep atap ótti ghalym.

Andronovolyqtardyng eng manyzdy jetistikterining biri — sulifid kenin balqytugha arnalghan shahtalyq peshter boldy. Búl tehnologiyalar joghary sapaly qola óndiruge mýmkindik berdi, saldarynan sauda men eksportty damytugha ýlken serpin berdi.

«Andronovolyqtar qoldanghan shahtalyq peshter sol uaqyttaghy naghyz tehnologiyalyq serpilis boldy. Búl peshter kendi jana sapaly dengeyde balqytugha mýmkindik berip, qola óndiru prosesin aitarlyqtay jyldamdatty», - deydi ghalym.

Ol Qaraghandy oblysyndaghy Taldysay qonysy metallurgiyalyq óndiristing manyzdy ortalyghyna ainalghanyn qosa ketti. Taldysayda mys óndiru jәne ruda balqytu jolgha qoyylypty, nәtiyjesinde búl jaqtan shyqqan qola búiymdary Euraziya kontiynentining kóptegen ónirine taralghan.

Qazaqstan aumaghynda óndirilgen metall búiymdar Ortalyq Aziyanyng týrli aimaghyna, tipti qazirgi Ukraina aumaghyna eksporttalghan. Búl andronovo mәdeniyetining basqa halyqtarmen joghary dengeyde damyghan sauda baylanysyn ornatqanyn kórsetedi.

«Metallurgiya halyqaralyq saudanyng qanat jangyna kýshti serpin berdi. Qazaqstanda óndirilgen qola búiymdary alys-alys jaqtargha jetkizildi», - dep atap ótti spiyker.

Metallurgiyadan bólek, andronovo mәdeniyetinde basqa da manyzdy qolóner týrleri damyghan eken. Ústalar qolany qaru-jaraq pen týrli qúral jasau ýshin qoldanghan, al qysh qúmyrashylar pishini, on-órnegi tanghaldyratyn keramika jasaghan.

«Saz - búl myndaghan jyldar boyy adamgha qyzmet etken ydystar jasalatyn topyraq. Ár ydys tek túrmystyq zat qana emes, adamnyng tabighatpen baylanysynyng belgisi de bolghan», - dep atap ótti Usmanova.

Toqymashylyq ta manyzdy ról atqarghan. Andronovo әielderi matany boyau ýshin riyan siyaqty tabighy boyaghyshtardy qoldanghan, sonday-aq kýrdeli oy-órnektermen bezendirgen.

«Andronovo mәdeniyetindegi toqymashylyq — búl úrpaqtardy baylanystyryp, sol uaqyttyng dәstýrleri men әdet-ghúryptaryn aishyqtaytyn qolóner týri», - dedi arheolog.

Qalam Global dәrisi barysynda búdan bólek Emma Usmanova qola dәuiri adamdarynyng túrmysy men ýi-jayy, jerleu ghúryptary, kiyimi men әshekeyleri turaly da әngimelep berdi. Sonymen qatar tyndaushylar andronovo kiyimining ýlgilerin kórip, qola dәuirining zattary beynelengen ashyq hattardy syigha aldy.

Anyqtamalyq aqparat:

Emma Radiykqyzy Usmanova - qazaqstandyq belgili arheolog jәne tarihy rekonstruktor. Jeti monografiya men 100-den astam ghylymy maqalany jeke ózi ne basqa ghalymdarmen birlesip jariyalaghan. Euraziya aumaghyndaghy qola dәuirindegi andronovo mәdeniyeti, qola dәuirining kiyimderi jәne kóshpeliler mәdeniyeti boyynsha halyqaralyq dengeyde moyyndalghan sarapshy. Akademik E.A. Bóketov atyndaghy Qaraghandy uniyversiyteti (Qaraghandy, Qazaqstan) Saryarqa arheologiyalyq institutynyng jetekshi ghylymy qyzmetkeri. Sonymen qatar, birqatar qazaqstandyq jәne sheteldik joghary oqu ornynda ghylymy qyzmetker.

Emma Usmanova Lisakov arheologiyalyq ekspedisiyasyn basqarady. Onyng bastamasymen ejelgi tehnologiyalar jәne mәdeny kommunikasiyalardyng «Desht-Thor» halyqaralyq festivali úiymdastyrylghan. Ghalymnyng qyzmeti «Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng qúrmetti mәdeniyet qayratkeri» belgisimen atap ótilgen. Lisakov qalasynyng qúrmetti azamaty, gumanitarlyq zertteuler salasyndaghy Sh.Uәlihanov atyndaghy syilyqtyng laureaty, halyqaralyq Scopus Awards 2023 syilyghynyng iyegeri.

Qalam Global – әlem tarihy men mәdeniyetine Qazaqstan men Ortalyq Aziya elderining kózimen qaraytyn mulitiymediyalyq jana joba. Jobada Qazaqstan, AQSh, Kanada, Úlybritaniya jәne Resey zertteushilerinen túratyn halyqaralyq top júmys isteydi. Qalam jobasy qazaq, orys jәne aghylshyn tilderinde jaryq kóredi.

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