Halyq qaharmany Raqymjan Qoshqarbaevqa 100 jyl!

«Er esimi – el esinde» degen qanatty sóz qazaq elining arasynda belgili bir batyrlargha arnalyp aitylady. Osynday atqa layyq, Úly Otan soghysynda Berlindegi Reyhstag tóbesine Jenis tuyn alghashqy bolyp qadaghan batyrymyz Raqymjan Qoshqarbaev 100 jasqa tolyp otyr. Batyrdyng esimi qashanda erekshe.

Raqymjan Qoshqarbaev  1924 jyly 19 qazanda Aqmola oblysynyng Aqmola audanynda dýniyege kelgen. Ol ata-anasynan erte aiyrylyp, balalar ýiinde tәrbiyelendi. Tórt jasynda anasynan aiyrylyp, 13 jasynda jetim qalyp, 1937 jyly әkesining qughyn-sýrginge úshyrauyna baylanysty balalar ýiine týsken. 7 jyldyq mektepti bitirgen son, osy aradan Balqash qalasyndaghy fabrika-zavod uchiliyshesine (FZU) jiberiledi.

Soghys bastalysymen Qyzyl Armiyagha ótine bastady, ol kezde ol nebәri 16 jasta bolatyn. 1942 jyly 18 jasqa tolar shaqta Qyzyl әsker qataryna shaqyryldy, Kókshetau qosalqy polkinde әskery jattyghulardan ótti. 1943 jyly Frunze (qazirgi Bishkek) qalasyndaghy әskery uchiliyshege oqugha jiberilip, ony 1944 jyly qazan aiynda ýzdik bitirdi. Sodan keyin Qostanay qalasynda jasaqtalghan 150-atqyshtar diviziyasynyng 674-i polkinde leytenant R.Qoshqarbaev vzvod komandiyri boldy.

Soghystyng songhy jyly diviziyanyng kóptegen bólimsheleri Germaniyanyng Oder ózeninen ótken kezde erekshe erlik kórsetti. Ásirese 674 jәne 756-polktyng jauyngerleri kózge týsip, ózderining erligimen barsha әskerding kóz quanyshyna ainalady. Fashizmning astanasy Berlinge alghash kirgen әskery bólimderding qatarynda osy 150-diviziya, osy aty atalghan polkter boldy.

1945 jyly 16 sәuirdegi shayqasta Oder ózenining sol jaghalauyndaghy Gross-Noyendorf audanynda basyp alynghan plasdarmdy keneytu kezinde Qoshqarbaev shabuyldaushy batalionnyng qúramynda úrysqa qatysty. Jaudyng ayanbay qarsylyghyna qaramastan, onyng vzvody jau okopyna birinshi bolyp kirdi. Úrys óte teke-tireske ainalyp, okoptaghy shayqas qoyan-qoltyq úrysqa deyin jetti. Qoshqarbaevtyng avtomat qaruy granata jarylysynan zaqymdanyp, isten shyqty. Sol syn saghatta ol granatamen pulemet punktine jetip, jau atushylarynyng kózin joyyp, pulemetti tartyp alyp, oljaly qarudan oq jaudyrdy. Qoshqarbaev batyl әri ójet qimylynyng arqasynda aldyna qoyylghan mindetti oryndady. Osy erligi ýshin 150-shi atqyshtar diviziyasy 674-shi atqyshtar polkining vzvod komandiyri Raqymjan Qoshqarbaev I dәrejeli Otan soghysy ordenin aldy.

1945 jyly 16 sәuirde Oder ózenining batys jaghalauyndaghy Gross-Noydors audanyndaghy plasdarmnan qarsylastyng qorghanysyn jaryp ótip, Qoshqarbaevtyng shabuyldaushy vzvody 1945 jyly 17 sәuirde Frilandershtrom kanalyna shyqty. Qorghanys ýshin óte tiyimdi mejeni paydalanghan jau, olardyng qozghalysyn toqtatugha tyrysty. Qoshqarbaevtyng vzvodyna su bógetin qolda bar qúraldarmen enserip, kanaldyng batys jaghalauyndaghy plasdarmdy basyp alu jәne polkting negizgi kýshterining ótuin jenildetu tapsyryldy.

Tikeley atylghan zenbirek oqtarynyng qorghashtauymen Qoshqarbaev basqarghan vzvod kanaldyng qarsy jaghasyna jetip, tez arada nemis okopyna kirdi. Qoyan-qoltyq úrysqa deyin jetken okoptyq úrysta vzvod 40-tan astam nemis soldatyn joyyp, ýsh auyr kalibrli pulemetti qolgha týsirip, qolgha týsken qarudy paydalanyp, jaudyng atys nýktelerine qarqyndy oq jaudyrdy. Qoshqarbaev vzvodynyng jetistigin paydalanyp, taghy birneshe shabuyldau toptary tasymaldandy.

1945 jylghy 29 sәuirdegi úrysta vzvod alghashqylardyng biri bolyp Shpree ózeninen ótip, jaudyng qatty qarsylyghyn búzdy. Oderden Reyhstagqa deyingi shayqas kýnderinde vzvod 200-den astam nemis soldaty men ofiyserin óltirip, 184-in tútqyngha aldy, qyzmetshilermen birge 14 dalalyq zenbirekti, 27 auyr kalibrli pulemetti jәne basqa da kóptegen qaru-jaraqty qolgha týsirdi.

Berlin ýshin shayqasta Raqymjan men onyng vzvody alghashqy qatarda soghysty. Olar aldymen Korolidik alangha, «Gimmler ýiine» jetti. Múnda leytenant Qoshqarbaevqa tarihy manyzy bar – Reyhstag ghimaratynyng ýstine Qyzyl Tudy kóteru turaly búiryq berildi. «Gimmler ýiinen» Reyhstagqa deyingi qashyqtyq bar bolghany 360 metr. Biraq búl ashyq alang bolghandyqtan,  jan-jaqtan oq borap túrdy. Osy qandy qashyqtyqty  leytenant Qoshqarbaev jauyngerlerimen 7 saghatta jýrip ótti. 1945 jyly 30 sәuir kýni, saghat 18:30-da Reyhstagqa Jenis tuyn tikti. Ol osy erligi arqyly súrapyl soghysqa nýkte qoydy. Qoshqarbaevtyng marapattau tiziminde «Kenes Odaghynyng batyry ataghyna layyq» dep jazylghan. Ókinishke oray, Raqymjan Qoshqarbaevtyng tendessiz erligi ondaghan jyldar boyy kólenkede qaldy. Berlindi basyp alu kezinde kórsetken erligi ýshin Kenes Odaghynyng batyry ataghyn almady. Qyr balasynyng erligin kórgende qysylyp qalatyn Kremli Qoshqarbaevqa altyn júldyzyn qimady. Berlindegi shayqastardyng qorytyndysy boyynsha Raqymjan Qoshqarbaev pen Grigoriy Bulatov Qyzyl Tu ordenimen marapattaldy.

Soghystan keyin qazaq batyrynyng erligi kópke deyin elenbey qaldy. Ol turaly alghash shyndyqty aityp sóz qozghaghan Kenes Odaghynyng batyry Bauyrjan Momyshúly edi. Ol jurnalist Kәkimjan Qazybaevqa Raqymjannyng erligi turaly jazudy tapsyrdy. Jazushy K.Qazybaev 1958 jyly 21 aqpanda «Reyhstagqa tu tikken qazaq» atty maqala jariyalady. Búl maqala Reyhstagqa birinshi bolyp Jenis tuyn tikken Raqymjan batyrdyng erligin pash etuding basy әri bastamasy boldy. Bauyrjan Momyshúlynyng úiytqy boluymen Kәkimjan Qazybaev kóp izdenip, maqala jazumen ghana toqtap qalmay, mәseleni sol kezdegi Ortalyq komiytetting qarauyna úsynyp, Mәskeuge deyin súrau salady. Batyrdyng erligin aqiqatqa ainaldyru ýshin izdenip kýresedi. K.Qazybaevtan keyin búl isti jazudy belgili jurnalist Janbolat Aupbaev qolgha alady. Osylaysha aqiqat algha qaray jyljy beredi. Osy Tu jayly tarihy shyndyqty aqiqatqa shygharu ýshin 62 jyl qajet boldy. Úly erlikti dәleldeu jolynda talay adamdardyng ter tókkeni de ras. Aqiqattyng aqyrynda anyqtalghany da ras.

1999 jyly 7 mamyrda R.Qoshqarbaevqa «Halyq qaharmany» ataghy berildi. Úly Jenisting 62 jyldyghy qarsanynda qazaqstandyqtar ýshin quanyshty janalyq boldy. R.Qoshqarbaevtyng Reyhstagqa jenis tuyn tikkeni rastaldy. Resey osy erlikti aiqyndaytyn qújattardy elimizding memlekettik múrajayynyng qoryna tabys etti. Mәskeu tarihy qajettilikti týzetip, resmy týrde qazaq batyrynyng erligin moyyndaugha mәjbýr boldy.

2024 jyly QR Preziydenti Qasym-Jomart Toqaev zangha týzetulerge qol qoydy. Endi III dәrejeli «Aybyn» ordeni Raqymjan Qoshqarbaevtyng esimin aldy. Búl nagrada әskery boryshyn atqaru kezinde kórsetken erligi men janqiyarlyghy ýshin tapsyrylatyn marapat. Raqymjan Qoshqarbaev kózi tirisinde Qyzyl Tu, 1-dәrejeli Otan soghysy ordenderimen, «Berlindi alghany ýshin», «Varshavanyng azattyghy ýshin» medalidarymen marapattaldy.

Raqymjan Qoshqarbaev odan basqa da kóptegen qúrmetti ataqtargha iye. Ol birneshe qalalardyng qúrmetti azamaty atansa, Aqmola oblysy Qosshy auylynyng orta mektebine, Astana, Almaty jәne basqa qalalardaghy kóshelerge onyng esimi berildi. 2015 jyly Astana qalasynda batyr qúrmetine eskertkish ashyldy. «Qazaqfilim» kinostudiyasy ol turaly «Jenis soldaty» derekti filimin týsirdi. Ol ózi jýrip ótken jauyngerlik joly turaly «Jenis jalauy» jәne «Shabuyl: 1410-shy kýn» atty kitaptaryn jazdy. Raqymjan Qoshqarbaev 1988 jyly 10 tamyzda dýniyeden ótti. Biyl 100 jasqa tolghan batyrymyzdyng erligi men esimi osylaysha el esinde qaldy. 

Bolat Saylan

QazÚU-nyng professory, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory

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