Sh. Uәlihanovtyng tughanyna 190,
qaytys bolghanyna 160 jyl toluyna oray

Shoqan – әlemdik ghylymda siyrek kezdesetin erek fenomen. Onyng bar bolghany 29 jyl 7 aimen ghana túiyqtalatyn otórim ghúmyrynda týrik halyqtarynyng tarihyna, etnografiyasyna, әdebiy-mәdeny múrasyna     qatysty atqaryp ketken orasan zor enbegi әrkimdi de tanday qaqtyrady. Úly kemengerding ghylymy enbekteri airyqsha janalyghymen, óz zamanynan oza tughan biliktiligimen, ýzdik baylamdarymen erekshelenedi. Onyng sol kezde dәiektep ketken key tújyrymdarynyng ózi býgingi órkendegen ghylymy óre biyigi dengeyimen tanghalarlyqtay ýilesim tauyp jatady. Shoqan –  qazaq ghylymynyng әlem aldyndaghy betke tútar abyroyy, mәrtebesi asqaq tólqújatynyng biri.

Alayda, úly túlghalardyng ómirin bey-bereket qauzap, daqpyrtqa boy  berip ketetin key alypqashpa әngimeler sekildi, Shoqannyng da qyrshyn taghdyryna, atqarghan enbekterine, ólimine qatysty auyq-auyq qaueset pen dolbargha qúrylghan lepesterding aitylyp qalatyny jasyryn emes. Solardyng qataryna Shoqan ghúmyry, әsirese onyng songhy ailaryna, qaytys bolu sebepterine baylanysty neshe týrli dabyra sózderge jol berilip jýrgendigin ókinishpen aitugha tura keledi. Birsypyra júrt Shoqannyng bes tomdyq shygharmalarynda jinaqtalghan qyruar derekterdi, keyinnen tabylghan múraghat mәlimetterin elemey, habardar bolmay, zerdelemey-aq, dәieksiz dolbarlargha boy úratynday bop kórinedi. Sodan ba eken: «Shoqangha u bergen, atyp ketken, ol 1865 jyly tuberkulezden kóz júmghan joq, orystyng qúpiya qyzme­ti­ning adamy bolghandyqtan, astyrtyn týrde odan keyin de ómir sýrgen», – degen daqpyrt әngimeler oqtyn-oqtyn jelpildep túrady.

Tipten: «Shoqannyng tuberkulezden qaytys bolghany turaly uәj, ol ólgennen keyin jiyrma jyldan song ghana aityla bastady, Reseyding qúpiya qyzmeti Shoqan­gha u berip (nemese atyp) óltirgenin aqtau ýshin osynday ótirikti әdeyi oilap tapqan», – degen qauesetti de estuge (oqugha) mәjbýr bolyp jýrgenimizdi qaytersiz. Ony «aqiqat» retinde tóndirip aitu­shylar, Shoqan qaytys bolghannan keyin kóp úzamay-aq  Sankt-Peter­bor­da shyqqan «Orys geografiya­lyq qoghamy­nyng 1865 jylghy qorytyndy esebinde» F. R. Osten-Saken jәne «Sibirskiy vestniyk» gazetinde, N. M. Yadrinsev syndy ghalymdardyng qazana­ma­lary jariya­langhanyn, polkovnik A. K. Geynsting 1865 jylghy kýndeliginde onyng tuberku­lez­den kóz júmghany ja­yynda jazylghanyn, sirә, bilmese kerek (Uәlihanov Sh. Shygharmalar jinaghy, 5 t. 1985: 275, 276, 272 b.).

Shyn mәninde, ghylymy derekter Shoqannyng ókpe derti – tuberkulezden, qazaqsha aitqanda «ókpe qúrty auruynan» kóz júmghanyn dәiekteydi. Búl rette Shoqannyng jan dosy, qúrdasy, әigili shyghystanushy ghalym Grigoriy Potaninning esteligine nazar audarsaq ta jetkilikti. Alash kósemderi – Álihan, Ahmet, Mirjaqyp siyaqty úly túlghalarymyz: «qazaqty  tughanynday jyly  kóredi»,  «qazaqqa Potaninnin  aty ardaqty», – dep  asa joghary baghalaghan osy qadirli ghalym, әigili sayahatshy  kadet  korpusynda oqyp jýrgen kezding ózinde, Shoqannyng boyynda ókpe auruynyn  nyshandary  bolghany  jóninde jazyp  ketken. «Shoqan  jaz  sayyn   auylyna  baryp, qymyz iship, onalyp  qaytyp  jýrse  de, kadet korpusyn ókpe tuberkulezi (chahotka) belgilerimen bitirdi... Peterbordyng aua rayy onyng onsyz da әlsiz densaulyghyn tómendetkeni sonsha, dәrigerler  ony emdelmeseng bolmaydy, dep tughan  jerine  qughanday  etip jiberdi», – deydi ol (Sonda: 363; Valihanov Ch. Sochiyneniya. – SPb., 1904. HHÝIII b.). Shoqanmen  Peterborda, Ombyda tyghyz  aralas-qúralas  bolghan  ghalym  N. Yadrinsevting de aitary  osynday. Shoqandy 1863 jylghy qystygýni Ombyda kórgen kezinde: «Onyn  densaulyghynyn   әlsizdigi,   ókpesinin  dertti (chahotochnyi) ekeni anyq bayqalatyn. Soghan  qaramastan  ol taghy  da  Peterborgha  barugha  jinalyp  jýrdi», – dep nauqasyn naqtylap kórsetedi (Sonda:  HHHÝIII b.; Uәlihanov Sh. 1984. 1 t. 98 b.).

Shoqannyng 1864 jyldyng sony men 1865 jyldyng basyndaghy qys mezgilinde general G. A. Kolpakovskiyge jazghan hattarynan, onyng boyyn mendep, kýnnen-kýnge asqyna týsken ókpe dertining órshu barysyn bayqau qiyn emes. 1864 jylghy 2 jeltoqsanda Kolpakovskiyge jazghan hatynyng sonynda ol: «Mening keudem auyryp jýr. Istegen jaqsylyghynyz bolsyn maghan qústyratyn bir maydәri nemese keudemdegi irindi bosatatyn (tek sýlik emes) jәne ter shygharatyn birdene berip jibere almas pa ekensiz», — dep ótinip súraydy (Uәlihanov Sh. Shygharmalar jinaghy, 5 t. 1985: 166 b.) Al 1865 jylghy aqpannyng 19-y kýni jazghan hatynda (Shoqannyng әzirge bizge belgili jazbalarynyng ishindegi eng songhysy) onyng halining nasharlay týskeni tipten anyq bayqalady. Ol sonyng aldynda ghana Semey oblysynyng әskery gubernatory qyzmetine auysqan Kolpakovskiyge: «Siz ketken kezde maghan suyq tiyip jýr edi: keudem men tamaghym auyratyn. Tamaghyma nazar audarmay, keudeme em jasagham, endi keudem jazylghan siyaqty bolghanymen, jútqynshaghymnyng auyrghany sonsha, asty әzer jútamyn, dauysym tipten shyqpay qaldy. Vernyigha jetuge joldyng auyrlyghy men jayly kólikting joqtyghy mýmkindik bermegendikten, men ózimdi, qazaqtyng qúshnash-emshisining qolyna tapsyrdym. Onyng ne dәri ishkizip jatqanyn bir qúdaydyng ózi bilsin. Áyteuir qol qusyryp ólgennen góri osy dúrys», — dep auyr nauqasy jayynan habardar etedi (Sonda: 174]).

Ghalym songhy hatyn qinala jazghanyn bayqau qiyn emes. Zertteushiler osy hatta Shoqangha tәn әdettegi jorgha qoltanbanyng izi әzer tanylatynyna qarap-aq, tuberkulez dertining órshy týskenin baghamdaugha bolady, dep atap kórsetedi (Valihanov E. // Sb. mat. Chokan Valihanov y sovremennosti, 1988: 316]. Ol kezde emi joq tuberkulez dertining talay adamdy jalmaghany belgili. Úly Abaydyng daryndy qos balasy Ábdirahman men Maghauiya da osy qúrt auruynan kóz júmghan edi  ghoy (Jiyrenshin Á. Alghy sóz. 44-45, 54 b. // Abay Qúnanbaev. Shygharmalarynyng bir tomdyq tolyq jinaghy. 1961). Shoqan Kolpakovskiyge jazghan songhy hattaryndaghy ókpesining irindegeni, jútqynshaghynyn  auyratyny, tamaqty  әzer  jútatyny, dauysy  shyqpay  qaluy – dәriger mamandardyng pikirinshe, tuberkulezding belgileri. Ádette kóktem shygha  órshiytin  sol  qúrt  auruy  aqyry 1865  jyly 10 sәuirde Shoqandy da alyp tyndy...

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Shoqannyng 1864 jyldyng mausym aiynyng sonynda polkovnik Chernyaev basqarghan Áulieata joryghynan Almatygha týnilip oralyp, shildening basynda Ombygha qaray shyqqanymen, jolshybay Úly jýzding alban ruynyng agha súltany Tezek Núralinning Altynemel beketi manyndaghy auylyna jetken kezde, nauqasyna baylanysty ayaldaghany, aqyr sonynda sonda úzaghynan túraqtap qalghany belgili. Osynda ol Tezek tórening nemere qaryndasy Aysary arumen otau qúrady.

Shoqan ómirining songhy kezenine qatysty auyq-auyq boy kórsetip qalatyn qauesetter qataryna – onyng aqyrghy ailarynyng osy Altynemel tónireginde qalay ótkenin (tipti 1865 jyldan keyin de ghúmyr keshu mýmkindigin) san-saqqa jýgirtip dolbarlaytyn alyp-qashpa әngimelerdi jatqyzugha bolady. Búl rette mәselening әu basta – onyng tuys inisi poruchik Súltanghazy (Ghazi) Uәlihanov esimimen shatastyryludan tuyndaghany ghylymy ortagha birazdan belgili. Súltanghazy – Shoqannyng atasy Uәli hannyng bәibisheden tughan úly, әkesinen qalghan handyq taqty bere qoymadyn, dep orys biyligine renish artyp, aqyry onyng sony sayasy senimsizdikke úlasyp, Berezovke (Qayyntúragha) jer audarylghan agha súltan Ghúbaydollanyng nemeresi bolatyn. Ghazy on bir jasqa tolghanda, әkesi Bolat tóre 1853 jyly, dәl Shoqan oqu bitirgen jazda, Omby kadet korpusyna әkep týsirgen eken. Ghazy osy oqu ornyn 1859 jyly kornet shenimen ayaqtaydy. Búl Shoqannyng Qashqardan endi oralghan kezi. Batys Sibirding general-gubernatory Gasfort kishi Uәlihanov ta dәl nemere aghasy siyaqty alghyr, qazaq isteri jóninde jaqsy kómekshi bolatyn shyghar degen oimen, Ghazidy ózine adiutant etip alghandy jón kóredi. Alayda Gasfort 1861 jyly dogharysqa shyghyp ketkesin, jana gubernator Dugameli Ghazidy sol jyldyng qyrkýieginde Tobylda túrghan atty әsker polkine qyzmetke auystyryp jiberedi. Aybyndy Abylaydyng shóberesi búghan ishtey shamdanyp qalady. Tobylda tórt aiday qyzmet istegesin, demalys alyp Peterborgha jýrip ketedi de, Áskery ministrding qúzyryna shaghynyp kiredi. «Meni Omby basshylyghy jazyqsyz shettetip otyr. Endi imperator aghzamgha shyn berilgenimdi tanytyp, úly mәrtebelige jaqyn jerde qyzmet etsem», degen Ghazidyng ótinishi qabyldanyp, ol aldymen úly kinәz Mihail Nikolayúlynyng qamqorlyghyndaghy gusar polkine, sosyn Atamandyq leyb-gvardiya polkining eskadron komandirligine jiberiledi. Sol jerden 1863 jyldyng basynda ol qyzmet etetin polk Polishadaghy últ-azattyq kóterilisti basugha attandyrylady. Alayda nauryz aiynyng ortasynda Almaty jaqtaghy әsker qúramyna auysugha ózi súranyp, Alatau okrugi men Úly jýzding pristavy general-mayor Kolpakovskiyding qaramaghynda qyzmet ete bastaydy. Sodan polkovnik Chernyaev basqarghan Áulieata joryghyna qatysady.

Súltanghazygha Áulieata joryghynda 215 adamnan túratyn qazaq milisiyasyn basqaru mindeti jýkteledi. 1864 jyldyng mausymynda Áulieatadan arnayy batalion qúramynda Shoqanmen birge Almatygha qayta oralghan ol (Uәlihanov Sh. Bes tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghy. IÝ t. 433 b. –1968), Kolpakovskiy qaramaghyndaghy qyzmetin әri qaray jalghastyrady. Shamasy, Ghazy Altynemel manyndaghy Tezek auylyna, Shoqan aghasy túrghan kezde soghyp ta túrghan siyaqty. Sol kelgen saparlarynyng birinde ol Aysarynyng sinlisi Qarashashpen tanysady. 1865 jyldyng basynda Kolpakovskiy Semey oblysynyng әskery gubernatory bop taghayyndalghan son, Ghazy (Súltanghazy) da kelesi jyldyng kókteminde Semeydegi 8-shi kazak okrugining shtabyna auysady. 1867 jyldyng jazynda ol Qapal ýiezi Altynemel bolysyna arnayy demalys alyp kelip, Qarashashqa ýilenedi. Sóitip, ol da Tezek tórening kýieu balasy atanady. Sol jyldyng kýzinde Kolpakovskiyding septesuimen, densaulyghyna baylanysty degen sebeppen, shtabs-rotmistr sheninde otstavkagha shyghyp, nemere aghasy Shoqan siyaqty agha súltan Tezekting auylynda túryp qalady. Olardyng tekterining ghana emes, shenderining de úqsastyghy (Shoqan 1864 jyldyng 2 mausymyna deyin shtabs-rotmistr sheninde bolyp, odan song bir saty joghary rotmistr shenin alghanymen [Sonda: 434], ol janalyqty kóp zamandastary bile qoymaghan synayly), әri ekeuining de Tezekting kýieu balasy ekendigi, keyinnen Shoqan ghúmyryna qatysty birqatar shatastyrulardy tuyndatty.

Resey biyligi Qashqar aimaghyndaghy Jetishәr, irgedegi Taranshy (Qúlja) súltandyghy siyaqty músylman handyqtarynyng yqpalyna qazaqtardyng erip ketpeuin qatty qadaghalaghan alpysynshy jyldardyng sonynda, Ghazy Uәlihanov pen onyng qaynaghasy Tezek tórening de kýdikke úshyraghan jayttary bolypty. Ekeuine Jetishәr biyleushisi Jaqypbekpen baylanys ornatty, qaramaghyndaghy eldi Qúljagha kóshirip әketuge ýgittedi, jergilikti halyq   arasynda shyryq búzatyn ziyandy әngimeler taratty, degen aiyptar taghylyp, olar alty ay abaqtygha da jabylady. Biraq qylmystaryn dәleldeu jaghy qiyngha týsken son, Kolpakovskiy (general 1867 jyldyng jazynan qaytadan Almatygha oralyp, janadan qúrylghan Týrkistan general-gubernatorlyghy qaramaghyndaghy Jetisu oblysynyng әskery gubernatory bop taghayyndalghan-dy) ekeuin qamaudan bosatyp, 1869 jyldyng aqpanynda Tezek tóreni Qapal ýiezi polisiyasynyng baqylauyna, Ghazidy ózining aghayyn-tughandary mekendeytin Sibir qazaqtary oblysyna mәjbýrlep attandyrady. Ghazy sol ketkennen qyzmetin әri qaray  jalghastyryp, keyinnen Peterborgha da auysyp, atty әsker polkovniygi, general shenine deyin ósip, 1909 jyly dýniyeden ozady (Beysenbayúly J., Bes tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghy. 2 t. 2022: 688-689). Osy rette Súltanghazy esimining Shoqan túlghasymen shatastyrylghany turaly N.Ivlev (1969, 1985), Q.Ábuev (2005), J.Beysenbayúly (2009, 2015, 2020), M.Sәtenova (2013), S.Dmitriyev (2013), S.Ýderbaevalardyng (2023) zertteu enbekterinde әr túrghyda sóz bolghanyn aita ketken jón.

Endi Súltanghazy Uәlihanov pen Tezek tórege  patsha  ýkimeti  tarapynan  senimsizdik tudyrghan osy jayttyn, birqatar zertteushiler tarapynan Shoqan atyna da auyq-auyq telinip qalatyny nelikten, degen saualgha keleyik. Biz oghan әuelde sebepker bolghan bir kiltipan – Shoqannyn  bes tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghynyng 1968 jyly shyqqan tórtinshi tomynyng 444-446 betterinde jariyalanghan «Týrkistan general-gubernatorynyng әskery ministrge habarlamasy» jәne «Bas shtab bastyghynyng әskery ministrge mәlimhaty» atty, alghashqysynyng jazylghan uaqyty 1865 jyldyng 11 aqpany, keyingisi 1865 jyldyng 7 sәuiri dep qate kórsetilgen qos qújat der edik. Alghashqy derekte Reseyding Áskery ministri general-adiutant Milutinnin: «Batys Sibir basshysy general-mayor Hrushovqa Jetisu oblysynan auysqan shtabs-rotmistr Uәlihanovty baqylauda ústau sharalaryn qabyldau qajettigi eskertilip, eger onyng Sibirde boluy ynghaysyzdyq tudyrady dep payymdalsa, imperiyanyng qazaq dalasynan jyraqtau ishki jaghyna auystyru jayyn da oilastyrugha bolatyny» jónindegi núsqauy berilse, ekinshi qújatta osy núsqaudyng oryndaluyn qadaghalaghan Bas shtab bastyghy general-adiutant, graf Geydenning bir jarym aidan keyin Áskery ministrge: «shtabs-rotmistr Uәlihanovty óz qalauy boyynsha, imperiyanyng ishki jaghyndaghy atty әsker polkine auystyrugha pәrmen berilgeni» turasyndaghy mәlimhaty jariyalanghan.

Akademiyalyq jinaqqa kirgen búl qújattarda jazylghan jayttardyng óz kezinde kóp júrtty, tipti shoqantanugha beyil bergen biraz adamdy ilandyrghany sonsha, olardyng tarapynan da: «Osynday belsendi әrekette jýrgen adamdy qalay dertti boldy dep aita alasyn, patsha biyligining Shoqandy qúrtugha tyrysqany anyq, yaky әdeyi qastandyq jasalghan nemese ol búdan keyingi jyldarda da qúpiya jaghdayda ghúmyr keshken», delinetin san-saqqa jýgirgen dәieksiz dolbarlargha den berildi.

Al mәselening anyghyna kelsek, nazargha alynyp otyrghan búl qos qújat 1865 jyly emes, odan tórt jyl keyin – 1869 jylgha qatysty derekterge sayady. Shoqannyng tórtinshi tomy (1968 j.) dayyndalyp jatqanda «1869» degen sannyng kóne qújattarda kómeski bop kóringen songhy «9» tanbasy (shamasy tehnikalyq sebepterge baylanysty) «5» sanyna bayqalmay auysyp ketken. Yaky qújattardaghy «shtabs-rotmistr Uәlihanov» dep jazylghan adam – Shoqan emes, Ghazy (Súltanghazy) Bolatúly Uәlihanov bolatyn (Sonda: 690-691).

Jyly qate kórsetilip ketken osy qos qújattyng 1865 jylgha sәikespeytin tústary múnymen ghana shektelmeydi. Mәselen, ondaghy Týrkistan general-gubernatory degen lauazymnyng ózin-aq alalyq. Qúramyna Jetisu jәne Syrdariya oblystary enetin búl jana general-gubernatorlyq 1867 jylghy 11 shildesi kýni ghana qúrylghan.  Batys Sibirding general-gubernatory A. P. Hrushov turaly da solay. Ol búl qyzmetke 1866 jylghy 28 qazanda taghayyndalghan. Sonday-aq «shtabs-rotmistr Uәlihanovty Jetisudan basqa jaqqa auystyru  turaly» әskery ministr D.A.Milutinge mәlimhat jazghan Bas shtab bastyghy general-adiutant, graf F. L. Geyden de búl qyzmetine 1866 jyldyng basynda ghana taghayyndalghan bolatyn.

1867 jyldyng qarashasynan shtabs-rotmistr shenin alghan Ghazy Uәlihanov, osy qújattarda aitylghanday, onyng atyna qatysty tuyndaghan kýdikterge baylanysty, arnayy pәrmenmen 1869 jylghy shilde aiynyng basynda ózining tuystary mekendeytin Aqmola oblysyna kýshtep auystyrylady.

Bir aita keterlik nәrse, Shoqannyng 1968 jyly shyqqan 4-shi tomyndaghy búl qújattardyng jyly qate kórsetilgendigi – óz kezinde kózi qaraqty zertteushilerding dәleldeui arqasynda týzetilgen de bolatyn. Sol sebepti de Sh.Uәlihanovtyng bes tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghynyng 1984-1985 jyldarda jaryq kórgen ekinshi akademiyalyq ba­sylymyna (jauapty redaktory Á. Marghúlan) Shoqangha qatysy joq búl derekter engen joq. Alayda alghashqy bes tomdyqqa abaysyzda kirip ketken osy qos qate derekpen ghana tanysu mýmkindigin alghan (yaghni, onyng keyinnen týzetil­genin bilmeytin) shoqantanugha qyzy­ghatyn key zertteushiler әli de ony Sho­qangha qatysty shyn aqiqat retinde qabyldap, kәdimgidey senip qap jýr. Jyly abaysyzda qate berilgen sol qújattargha baylanysty órbigen alypqashpa әngimeler auyq-auyq beleng berip qalady. Shoqangha qatysty naghyz aqiqat osynday ­degen synaydaghy payymdaular aitylady, otyzgha jetpey ókpe qúrty auruynan ­(tuberkulezden) qyrshyn ketken úly ghalymymyzdyng qazasyna kýmәn keltiriledi. Ol turaly da qanshama ghylymy dәiekterdin, estelikterding bar ekeni esepke alyna bermeydi, onyng ólimin san-saqqa jýgirtushiler әli  de  úshyrasyp qalady...

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Shoqangha qatysty songhy kezde bayqalghan jana qauesettin  biri – «odan úrpaq qalypty-mys» degen dolbardyng shygha bastaghany der edik. Ony quattaushylardyng joramalynsha, Shoqan kóz júmghanda, Aysary «ayaghy auyr bolghan-mys, sodan agha súltan Shynghystyng tapsyrmasymen, Shoqannyng inisi Jaqyp ony Syrymbetke alyp kelgennen keyin bosanyp, Mәlik atty úl tuypty-mys», delinedi. Sol dolbargha sýiengen Mәlikting taraghan úrpaqtardyng biri, onyng shóberesi bop keletin Dulat Mәlikov deytin azamat, keyingi jyldary ózderin Shoqannan taradyq, degen uәjge kәdimgidey ilanyp, kónekózder aitypty-mys, jazyp ketipti-mis deytin qolhat qaghazdardy tapqanyn algha tartyp, olardy aqparat qúraldarynda jariyalaugha kóshe bastapty. Onyng aituyna qaraghanda, búl «shyndyq» biraz zertteushiler tarapynan qoldau tauyp otyrghan kórinedi. (Olardyng arasynda ózin «myqty shoqantanushymyn» dep esepteytin tarih ghylymynyng doktory Jaras Ermekbay myrza da bar). Osy qolpashtaulargha sýiengen D. Mәlikov myrzanyng biyldan bastap óz joramalyn dәleldemek niyetpen ghylymy konferensiyalarda bayandama jasaugha kirisip ketkenin de kóz kórdi.

Al búl mәselening anyghy qalay degenge kelsek, әueli akademik Á.Marghúlannyng Shoqannyng bes tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghyna  (1961, 1984) jazghan asa qúndy kirispe ocherkindegi derekke kónil audarar edik. Onda Altynemel, Matay jotalarynyng kýngey baurayynda aiyqpas ókpe qúrty dertimen arpalysyp, beti beri qaraudan kýder ýzgen Shoqannyng әkesine: «Qajydym, kýshim bitti, qan-sólim ketip, qúr sýiegim ghana qaldy, keshikpey jaryq dýniyeden ketermin. Mening ayauly tuystarym men dostarymmen kórisudi taghdyr jazbay túr. Búl mening songhy hatym. Qosh bolynyzdar, barshanyzdy qúshaghyma aldym... Jetisugha kelip, beyshara Aysaryny elge alyp qaytynyzdar, ony marhabatty qamqorlyghynyzdan shet qaldyrmanyz» – dep hat joldaghany aitylady. Úlynyng aqyrghy tilegin oryndau ýshin Shynghys sol 1865 jyldyng jazynda Kókshetaudan ekinshi úly Jaqypty bas etip, Tezek tórening auylyna bir top kisi jibertedi. Olar Altynemelge jetkesin Shoqannyng basyna qyshtan kýmbez ornatugha aralasady. Sodan song Jaqyptyng dimkәstanyp qaluyna baylanysty, ol sonda bir aiday ayaldaugha mәjbýr bolyp, jazylghan song ghana Aysaryny tósek-ornymen el jaqqa alyp qaytady.

Jaqyptar Altynemelde jýrgen shaqta, Qazaq dalasy men Týrkistan ólkesin basqarudyng jana jýiesin jobalau jónindegi Dala komissiyasy mýshelerining duandardy aralap kele jatqan joly agha súltan, polkovnik Tezek Núralinning kýzeude otyrghan auylyna týsken edi. (Búl komissiya sodan az uaqyt búryn, tamyz aiynyng alghashqy jartysynda Shynghys súltannyng auylynda bolyp, Shoqannyng qazasyna kónil aitqan bolatyn). Onyng qúramyndaghy Shoqannyng bayyrghy tanystary – Bas shtabtyng erekshe tapsyrmalar jónindegi sheneunigi polkovniyk  A. K. Geyns pen sol komissiyagha Orynbor oblysy tarapynan qosylghan, general-gubernator kensesining bastyghy polkovnik K. K. Gutkovskiy, tilmash qyzmetindegi Sh.Ibragimovtermen birge jýrgen top, 1 qarasha kýni Aysarynyng otauyna arnayy bas súghyp, Shoqannyng mezgilsiz qazasyna qatty qayghyratyndaryn bildirip, shyn qamyghudan tughan kónil qoshtaryn aitady. Geyns sol sapar barysynda jýrgizgen kýndeliginde Aysarynyng «reni óte qayyrymdy eken», dep atap ótedi. Soghan ilese jalghasqan sóilemderden: «Shyn mәninde Uәlihanovty joghaltqanymyz asa ókinishti. Ol biyikke órley bastaghanda, qazaqtyng aqsýiekteri onyng sebebin bilimdi boluynan dep sanap, óz balalaryn mektepter men korpustargha bere bastady. Sibirding «dana» basshylary ony halyq qalaghanday, Atbasar okrugining agha súltany etip bekitpey qoyghanda jәne oghan qysym kórsetile bastaghanda, qazaqtar óz balalaryn korpustardan qaytyp ala bastady. Syrymbette, Shoqannyng әkesining auylynda men qazaqtardyng arasynan ýsh kadetti kórdim. Shoqan tap bolghan ókpe auruy men shekken qiyndyghynan qorqyp, әke-sheshesi olardy korpusqa jibermey qoyghan eken», dep jazylghan, onyng ómirine, nauqasyna qatysty qúndy derekterge jolyghamyz (Geyns A. K. Sobranie liyteraturnyh trudov. Tom 1. S. 265, 495-499. SPb.: 1897; Uәlihanov Sh. Shygharmalar jinaghy. 5 t. 1985: 262-263, 272-274 b.).

Kýndelikte Jaqyptyng Aysaryny Syrymbetke alyp qaytuyna qatysty: «Qazaqtyng әmengerlik dәstýri boyynsha, Aysarygha qaynysy Jaqyp ýilenui kerek. Jengesin alyp qaytugha bir aiday búryn kelgen Jaqyp osynda nauqastanyp qaluyna baylanysty, ózining jazylghanyn kýtip jatyr eken», – deytin derek te bar. Búl kýndelikke eski kýntizbemen eseptegende 1 qarasha kýni týsken sóilemder. Onda «Jaqyp jaqyn kýnderi jolgha shyqqaly otyr» degen sóz joq, «densaulyghy dúrystalghanyn kýtip otyr», delingen. Yaki, qaytar jolgha shyghar bolsa, qarashanyng ortasyna taman ghana (jana kýntizbemen qarashanyng sonynda) attanuy mýmkin.

Osy rette jogharyda tilge tiyek bolghan Shoqannyng Kolpakovskiyge jazghan songhy hatyna qayyryla nazar audarugha tura keledi. 1865 jylghy 19 aqpan kýni jazylghan ol hatta Shoqan ózining «qatty nauqastanyp jatyp qalghanyn» habardar etip edi ghoy. Aqyry ol sodan onalmay,  1 ai, 22 kýnnen keyin baqigha attandy. Endi eseptep kórelik. Osy hat jazylghan aqpan aiynyng sonynan – Geyns pen Gutkovskiyding Aysarygha kónil aitqan 1 qarashagha deyin arada 8 aidan astam uaqyt ótipti. Eger Aysarynyng ayaghy auyr bolsa, aiy-kýni jaqyndap, ekiqabat ekeni anyq bayqalyp túratyn uaqyt qoy. Alayda Geyns kýndeliginde Aysarynyng ayaghy auyr ekeni turaly bir auyz sóz joq, onday qalde bolsa, mindetti týrde atap kórsetiler edi.

1895 jyly ataqty shyghystanushy N. Potanin Kókshetau ónirine ghylymy saparmen kelgen kezinde ózining jan dosy Shoqannyng auylyna arnayy soghyp biraz kýn qonaq bolady. Onyng sol sapar turaly jazghan «Songhy qazaq hanzadasynyng kiyiz ýiinde» atty tamasha maqalasy bar. Ol jaylauda otyrghan Shynghys súltannyng auylyna jetkende, Jaqyppen kezdesip jaqyn aralasady. Potanin Shynghys súltannyng 85 jasqa kelse de әli baquatty ekenin, 52 jyl birge ghúmyr keshken bәibishesi Zeynepting jeti-segiz jyl búryn ómirden ótkenin, ýsh jylday búryn tósek janghyrtqanyn jazady. Potanindi Shynghystyng ýlken ýiine ertip kirgende, «Shynghys súltan tórge jayghasypty, ong jaghynda bәibishesi, onyng qasynda Shәukibay qyz shay qúiyp otyrdy», dep jazady (Sonda: 320 b.). (Shәukibay – Jaqyp pen Aysarydan tughan qyz, Shәukibay – erkeletuden tughan esim. Shyn aty – Rabigha).  Auyl jaylaudan qaytyp Syrymbettegi ata qonysqa qaray bettegen kezde, Potanin Shynghystyng anasy Ayghanym hansha saldyrghan ordany arnayy baryp kóredi. Búl ýlken ýide Shynghys súltan kenje úly Qoqyshtyng otbasymen, qosalqy (fliygeli) ýide ýshinshi úly Maqy, Jaqyptyng ajyrasqan әieli (yaky Aysary) onyng balalarymen (s ego detimiy) jәne molda túrady, dep jazady (325 b.). Osy jerde Aysarynyng balalarynyng Jaqyptan tughany «s ego detimi» dep ap-anyq kórsetilip túr emes pe!?

Búl orayda Shoqan ghúmyry men shygharmashylyghynyng tendesi joq bas bilgiri, ataqty akademik Álkey Marghúlan jazghan dausyz aighaqty da qosyp aitugha tura kelip túr. Álekenning 1958 jyly Syrymbetke arnayy baryp, kózi qaraqty qariyalarmen әngimelesu arqyly qaghazgha týsirgen,  1982 jylghy 2 sәuir kýni «Qazaq әdebiyeti» gazetinde «Shoqan turaly estelikter» degen atpen jariyalanghan, keyinnen Álekenning 14 tomdyq shygharmalar jinaghynyng 2011 jyly shyqqan 10-shy tomyna «Shoqan turaly onyng úrpaqtarynyng jarqyn esteligi» (173-201 b.) atauymen engen kýndelik-maqalasyndaghy qúndy derekter Aysarynyng Shoqannan ekiqabat boluyna qatysty dolbardy birjola joqqa shygharady. (Ókinishke qaray, bizding orys tildi shoqantanushylarymyz Á. Marghúlannyng qazaq tilinde jazghan qanshama irgeli enbekterin, qazaqsha jazylghan basqa da tereng zertteulerdi, kitaptardy oqy almaytyndyqtan, kóp nәrseden kemshin, maqúrym qalyp jýretini shyndyq).

Syrymbetke ghylymy issaparmen arnayy kelgen Álkeydey kemenger túlghamyzgha kóp derek bergen adamnyng biri – sol kezde jasy toqsangha tayap qalghan Qúlysh aqsaqal (Jaqyptyng úly) eken. Ol kisining aituynsha:  «Jaqyp Aysaryny alyp kelu ýshin Jetisugha 25 adammen birge barghan. Olardyng ishinde Imantay Sәtbayúly, Sәduaqas, Joltabardyng Múqany siyaqty jigitter bolypty. Aysaryny Altynemelden elge qaray (qarasha aiynyng sonynda. J. B.) alyp shyqqanymen, qys auasynda jylju qiyndyq tughyzghasyn, jolshybay Bayanauyldaghy naghashysy Shorman auylynda qystap, jaz shygha ghana elge jetipti... Aysary Jaqyptan ýsh bala tughan. Mariyam, Mәlik, Rabigha... Jaqyptyng ýsh әieli bolghan, ýlkeni Manu – Túrlybekting qyzy, ekinshisi Ghaliya – kerey Ósipting qyzy (Qúlyshtyng anasy), ýshinshisi – Aysary. Ol kisi úzyn boyly, súnghaq, sabyrly, salmaqty adam eken. Biraq Aysarynyng ómiri ózge әielderindey asqaq emes, baghynynqy bolghan. Shynghystyng tiri kýninde Aysary onyng ayauly qamqorlyghyna bólengen, odan keyin enshisi Shoqannyng kenje inisi Qoqyshpen (Núrmúhammed) birge bolypty» (Marghúlan Á. Shygharmalary. Onynshy tom. 192 b. 2011). Búl derekten Aysarynyng Syrymbetke kelesi jyly jazgha qaray, Shoqan kóz júmghannan bir jyl ótkennen keyin ghana jetkeni naqtylanady. Mәlik úrpaghymyn deytin azamat tarapynan  aytylyp jýrgen: «elge ayaghy auyr bolyp keldi» degen daqpyrttyng tórkini osy jaytqa oray tuyndauy kәdik. Yaky Aysary Mәlikke jýkti bolyp kelipti-mis degen dolbardy Shoqanmen baylanystyrudyng esh qisyny joq. Eger Aysary elge ekiqabat kýiinde keldi, degen әngime ras bolghan kýnning ózinde, onyng ol perzentti Jaqyptan kótergeni shýbә tudyrmaydy...

Óz basymyz 1975 jyly Shoqannyng 1856 jyly jazghan «Ystyqkól sapary kýndeligi» izimen qaytalay jýrip ótken, 1985 jyly úly ghalymnyng Obaghan alabyndaghy tughan jerinde, ol ósken, әskery oqu oqyghan, enbek etken, sayahattarmen barghan, songhy jylyna kuә bolghan mekenderding barlyghynda derlik arnayy bolyp, zertteuler jýrgizgen kezderimizde Shoqannyng atamekeni Syrymbetke de әldeneshe ret jolymyz týsti. Kókshetauda ótken Shoqangha qatysty dәstýrli konferensiyalargha birneshe ret qatysu barysynda da jiynnyng júmys josparyna oray, ol auylgha arnayy soghyp túrdyq. Ótken ghasyrdyng jetpisinshi jyldarynyng ortasynda Syrymbetke barghan alghashqy issaparymyzda, 1958 jyly akademik Á. Marghúlangha kóp qúndy derek aitqan Qúlysh qariyanyng úly Qayrolla aqsaqaldyng ózimen әngimeleskenimiz de bar. Ol kisiden biz de: «Shoqannan úrpaq qaldy ma?» dep súraghanymyzda: «Qalghan joq. Aysary әmengerlik saltymen Jaqypqa shyqqannan keyin, odan Mәriyam, Mәlik, Rabigha atty perzentter kórdi», dep naqtylap aitqan bolatyn. Qayrolla aqsaqaldyng ol jauaby bizding Shoqan turaly jazghan ýlkendi-kishili kitaptarymyzda jariyalanyp ta jýr.

Úly Shoqannyng kýrdeli taghdyry, qyrshynynan qiylghan ghúmyry, sirә da, týgesilmeytin túnghiyq taqyryp. Ol turaly qansha ghylymi, әdeby shygharmalar jazyl­sa da azdyq etpeydi. Alayda olardyng Shoqan ómirine, ólimine qatysty oqta-tekte úshyrasyp qalatyn key qauesetterge boy aldyrmay  qúryl­­gha­nyn qalar edik.

Jarylqap Beysenbayúly,

jazushy, shoqantanushy, filologiya ghylymynyng kandidaty

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