«Aurugha em, saugha kýsh – shipaly qymyz» dep jazdy Jambyl Jabaev dәstýrli susyndy asqaqtata jyrlap. Onymen kelispeu qiyn – qymyzben emdeu әli de bar. Qazir eng tanymal klassikalyq qyshqyl qymyz jәne bal qymyz, tәtti núsqasy.

Qymyz – biye, týie nemese siyr sýtinen ashytylghan sýtti susyn. Qymyz 18 amin qyshqylyna, sonyng ishinde tirozin men triptofangha, sonday-aq vitaminderge, әsirese askorbin qyshqylyna bay. Susynnyng qúramynda onay sinetin aquyzdar, maylar jәne kómirsular bar, búl taghamnan qorektik zattardyng jaqsy sinuine yqpal etedi.

Biraq búryn basqa da týrleri boldy jәne әrqaysysy belgili bir әdet-ghúryptarmen baylanysty boldy. Saumal – әli ashylmaghan jana bie sýti. Balalar men qarttargha densaulyqtaryn nyghaytu ýshin ishuge berildi. Alghashqy qymyz, siz oilaghanday, kóktemde, biyelerdi alghash tóldegennen keyin alynghan.

Búl qoy sýt, ózine tәn dәmi bulanbay túryp ashytylghan. Keyde ony mayly qymyz dep te ataytyn. Jana pisken qymyzdan alghash dәm tatu ýshin ýlken-kishi auyldyng bәri jinalyp, izgi tilekpen ishu dәstýri bolghan.

Sary qymyz jazdyng ortasynda, jylqylar mol shópke jayylghan kezde alynady. Búl kezendegi túraqty kóshi-qon qymyzdyng jaqsy shayqalyp, jaqsy ashytyp, birte-birte sary týske ie boluyna әkeledi.

Múnday susynnyng dәmi ashy emes, kerisinshe, jazghy gýlderding dәmi bar. Sary qymyzdan jaqsy terleuge bolady, kóp ishseniz tipti úiyqtap ketuge bolady. Búl opsiya eng paydaly jәne emdik bolyp sanalady.

Kýzgi qymyz egin jinaudyng songhy kýnderinde alynady jәne ýlken kompaniyada ishedi, qonaqtardy dәmge jinaydy. Biraz uaqyt saqtalatyn qymyz ýshin bólek belgileuler bar. Týnemel qymyz – bir-eki kýn túndyrylghan «pisken» qymyz, qúnan - ýsh kýndik, donen - tórt kýndik, besti – bes kýn boyy túndyrylghan. Bes kýnnen artyq saqtalatyn qymyzdy «asau» deydi.

Týnemel jylynu әseri bar dep sanalady. Úzaq әngimelesu, kezdesuler kezinde ishu әdeti bolghan. Ony әdette qúrtpen nemese irimshikpen jegen. Qúnan dәstýr boyynsha saumal ishpegenderge beriledi. Kóbinese toylarda, úzaq jiyndarda ishetin.

Tórt nemese odan da kóp kýn ashytatyn qymyz әdette salystyrmaly týrde kýshti boldy. Ol ýlken merekelerge saqtaldy. Basyna әbden tiyetin bes kýndik qymyzdy shayqas aldynda batyrlar men alys sapar aldynda sayahatshylar, sonday-aq baqsylar ishken. Osy jyly qúlynbaghan biyelerding sýtinen alynghan qymyzdy bólek atap ótken jón.

Búl jylqylar әdette qúlyndardy tamaqtandyrudy jalghastyrady, biraq qazirding ózinde jylqylar. Búl sýt jazda jinalady jәne óndeledi, biraq arnayy qonaqtargha, ýlken merekelerge nemese qysta nauqastardy emdeuge saqtalady.

«Bay» qymyz nemese qorabәli – erekshe bay dәmi bar qoy qymyz. Taghy bir aita keterlik jayt, bal qymyz qazir qant, t. b. qosylyp tәttilenedi, biraq búryn búl maqsatta bal men keptirilgen órik, meyiz siyaqty keptirilgen jemister paydalanylghan.

Densaulyghy nashar adamdargha, balalar men jaqynda bosanghan әielderge arnalghan dәstýrli susyn boldy. Býgingi kýnge deyin saqtalghan qymyzdyng negizgi týrleri osylar. Degenmen, etnograf Sadyq Qasimanov derekkózder qymyzdyng taghy 25 týrin ataydy.

Qymyzdyng qyzyqty ereksheligi: ónimdegi paydaly zattar tolyghymen derlik (95 % derlik) sinedi. Sonymen qatar, osy ashytylghan sýt susynynyng qúramyndaghy komponentter basqa taghamdardaghy aquyzdardyn, maylardyng jәne basqa da paydaly zattardyng sinimdiligin aitarlyqtay arttyrady.

Qymyzdy emdeude qoldanylatyn bie sýtining emdik, qorektik qasiyetteri bar ekeni belgili. Jauyngerler joryqtar kezinde qymyzdy arnayy jasalghan bylghary ydystarda saqtaghan, sonyng arqasynda búl susyn búzylmaghan. Búl shóldi qandyrugha ghana emes, sonymen qatar kez kelgen dala jaghdayynda jaqsy pishindi saqtaugha kómektesti.

Qymyz kelesi aurular men jaghdaylargha qoldanylady: asqazannyng jәne on eki eli ishekting oiyq jarasy; sozylmaly gastriyt; sozylmaly kolotikalyq emes holesistiyt; sozylmaly enterokoliyt; ót qabynyng jәne toq ishekting funksionaldyq búzylystary; sozylmaly spesifikalyq emes ókpe aurulary; ateroskleroz; giypertoniya; ortalyq jýike jýiesining jәne gemopoetikalyq organdardyng aurulary.

Sonymen qatar, qymyzdyng da qarsy kórsetkishteri bar. Osylaysha, ótkir kezende asqazan-ishek aurulary bar adamdar, sonday-aq qymyzgha jeke tózimsizdigi bar adamdar susynnan bas tartuy kerek.

Qazaqstandaghy qymyz óndiru mәdeniyeti әrtýrli. Óitkeni onyng óndirisi ýsh faktorgha baylanysty. Birinshiden, jylqy qanday shóppen qorektenedi. Ekinshiden, starterdegi aiyrmashylyq. Al ýshinshi faktor, eng manyzdysy – ony kim, qalay dayyndaydy. Qazaqstannyng әr aimaghynda bәri mýldem basqasha jәne múnyng bәri dәmge әser etedi.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov, tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, S. Seyfullin atyndaghy Qazaq agrotehnikalyq zertteu uniyversiytetining dosenti

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