(Ádeby esse)

Oqushylaryma leksiya sóileuge batyldyghym dayar bolsada, "leksiya taqyrybyn ne dep qoysam bolady?" dep eki qaytara oilandym. Birinshi tapqan taqyrybym "Álem prozasyna qalay qaq jaryp kiruge bolady?" degen taqyryp. Ekinshi tapqan taqyrypty – "Meshittey kesek romandar" dep atadym ba, qalay bolghany, úmytynqyrap qaldym. Sebebi, birinshi taqyrypqa degen qanaghatym jogharylap, sony oilay berip, bekinip, qabyldap jibergenimnen bolar. Koronovirus kelmey túryp-aq mende onlayn zaman bastalghan. 2017 jyldyng sәuir aiynan bastap Wechat jelisinde oqushylargha proza jәne poeziya taqyryptarynan sabaq berem. Mening basty maqsatym – Ártýrli jastaghy әdebiyet qúmarlardyng basyn biriktirip, ýzdik proza jәne poeziya jazu óresin biyiktetu.
Men búl retki leksiyagha qalay dayyndaldym? Búl leksiyany aituyma ne týrtki boldy? Siz búl jolghy leksiyamdy esty almasanyz da, jazbasha núsqasymen tanysyp shyqsanyz da "rahmet!" dep aitar edim. Neshe jýzdegen leksiyanyng qarapayym bir týri ghoy.
Býgin әlem prozasyna jol tartu jayly jana oilargha ie boldym. Myndaghan meshit qúrlystaryn jinaqtap qarap tamashalaugha bir kýnimdi arnaghan edim. Endeshe, men әdeby kózqarasymdy osy meshittermen baylanystyryp aityp bereyin. Álemdegi san myndaghan meshitting taram-taram tarihymen tolyqtay tanysyp, ishine qydyryp, jatyp, namaz oqyp, salu ereksheligin, әrbir qalanghan zattyng ereksheligin biluinizge ghúmyrynyz jetpeytini sekildi, Siz myqty prozalyq shygharma jazuynyz ýshin óte kóptegen әlemdik romandardy sarqyp oquynyz qajet emes. Siz әlemdegi eng qúndy әdebiyet jauharlaryn oqyp bitirgendi qoyyp, olardyng qysqasha mazmúnymen tanysyp ýlgirmeysiz, oghan ghúmyrynyz jetpeydi. Siz әdebiyetting ne ekenin tolyq tanyghan kýnnen bastap tek ózinizding últynyzgha ghana tәn úiyghan iyirimderdi prozanyzgha engizseniz boldy. Kóp oqyp, kóp tanghalyp jýretin jazushydan mandyghan shygharma shyqpaydy. Tanghalmay, ózi de ebin keltire alatynyn bilip, jymiyp atqa qonghan erlerden ghana ýmit kýtemin.
Tatarstandaghy, Bashqortstandaghy meshitterding ózine tәn ózgeshelikpen salynyp kóz arbap jatqanyna qarap oilandym. Bir qarapayym sheberding әlemdegi týrli meshit qúrlysyn tolyq bilmey-aq ózining jerine, últyna tәn erekshelikterdi meshitke sinirip salghan kezde adam aitsa nanghysyz ghajap meshit ýlgileri barlyqqa kelgenine qarap, siz prozanyzda әlem әdebiyetindegi san týrli tәsilderdi qoldanbaghanynyzben, órimdey ghana últtyq erekshelik qoldanghan bolsanyz sol shygharmanyz әlem oqyrmandary aldynda sózsiz qyzyghushylyq tudyrady. Mysyrdaghy, Chechenstandaghy meshitting qúrlysy zamanauy saltanatymen kóz tartyp qaraghan kóz janarlardy qúlpyrtatyny siyaqty, әdebiyet әleminde shygharma tilining asqaq, saltanatty jәne janashyl obrazdargha bay boluy sózding kýshin shygharyp túrady.
Reseydegi jәne Ázerbayjandaghy qatty ýlken bolmasa da qoldanghan zattary jәne salu tәsili ózin bayyrghy etip kórsetetin meshit ýlgisi bәribir ghalamdaghy erekshe meshitterding qatarynan oryn tebe alady. Kórkem shygharma da sol siyaqty, sizding jazu stiyliniz jer astynan qazyp alynghanday, kóne zaman adamdarynyng auyzynan búrqyrap tógilip túrghanday stilde bolsa shaghyn әngime jazsanyz da ol әngime óz qúndylyghymen daralanady.
Irandaghy, Ózbekstandaghy meshitterding ózine ghana tәn tym terende jatqan ýlgi men órnekke ie ekenin eskersek, búl elderding әdebiyetining de úly tamyrgha ie bola alatynyn úghynamyz.
Bizding prozagha da ózine tәn tereng stili qalyptastyryp, әlem әdebiyetinde "Qazaq sarynyn" keninen tanytatyn kezge jetu talaby qoyyluy tiyis. Marokkodaghy tenizge súghyndyra oqshau ornalastyrghan meshitting danqynyng artuy eng bastysy jenil, yqshamdy ózgeshe qúrlysymen jәne ornalasqan ornymen manyzdy bolghanynday kórkem shygharmadaghy keyipkerlerinizdi, oqighanyzdy adamdar bayybyna bara bermeytin tylsym anghar, ózgeshe salt-sanagha ie auyldargha, jýrekke jenil әsemdigi ala bóten ónirlerge ornalastyryp, sol jerdi surettep tanytugha basa mәn berseniz de shygharma manyzdy oqighasyz-aq san myng jýrekti lýpildetui mýmkin. Qyrghyzstan, Tәjikstan, Aughanstan qatarly elderde súrapyl stilge ie meshit qúrlysy bolmaghanynday, keybir elderding jan sany 20~30 million, 30~40 million bola túra әlemge úsynyp jatqan tanday qaqtyrarlyq romany joq. Úly romandar elding sanynynng kóptigine emes, anda-sanda әreng tuatyn talanttargha arqa sýieydi eken de, úly romandardyng tuuy sol elding ekonomikasyna da, jan sanyna da qaramaydy. Arab Birikken Ámirliginde erekshe jarqyrap salynghan meshitter óte kóp aqsha qúiylyp qansha jarqyrap kóringenimen, músylman әlemindegi ghajap bitimdi meshitterding qataryna kire almaydy. Sol sekildi keybir damyghan elder ekonomikasyna arqa sýiep jazushylaryn qansha qoldasa da úly romandar tudyra almay jatyr. Kerisinshe, ekonomikasy tómen bola túra Mali, Gana, Niyger, Batys Sahara, Burkina-Fasodaghy qarajatsyzdyqtan jәne jergilikti qúrylys dәstýrinen kelip shyqqan saz balshyqtan qalap, baghandaryna aghash qystyrghan qarapayym meshitterdin, Mavritaniyadaghy ózderining bayyrghy tas qorghandarynsha qalanghan meshit, Liviyadaghy ózderi kerishten oiyp shoqaytqan ýilerine úqsatyp kerishten oighan meshit,  Djibutidaghy bizding kesenelerimizdey ghana shaghyn bolsada, búl keshenderding bólek bógenayy meshit qúrlystary arasynda mәshhýr bolyp top jardy. Kerek deseniz, Iordaniyadaghy, Izrailidaghy әueli tayaqpen syzyp alyp, sodan keyin úsaq tastardan qorshap tizgen meshitting beynesining ishinde namaz oqyp túrghan músylmandardy kórgende ony eshkim meshit emes dep aita almaydy. Siz óz elinizding әdebiyetti týsinu qabileti men ekonomikalyq quaty tómen bolsada sol uaqyttyng ishinen qarapayym da qasiyetti keyipkerlerdi, oqighalardy tauyp somdap top jarynyz.
Meshit bitkenning eng әsemi, eng irisi, eng tarihy manyzgha ie úlysy Mekkedegi Ál-Haram meshiti bayyrghy uaqytta múnday әsem, múnday ýlken emes te edi. Dinning basty ortalyghy bolghan song ghasyrlar sayyn týrlenip, kemeldenip, keneytilip býgingi úly meshitting beynesin qalyptastyrdy. Tura osy meshit siyaqty әlem prozasynyng danqy da kórkem әdebiyeti tym erte bastalyp, әdebiyetshilerining danqy erte shyghyp, әli kýnge deyin toqtausyz әdebiyet maydany qyzyp túrghan Fransiya qatarly elderge tәn.  IYerusalimdaghy bayyrghy meshitter tarihy qúndylyqqa ie bola túra, keyingi alasapyran kezenderde kemeldenuding ornyna bayyrghy jútang keypinen ainymady, damymady. Osy siyaqty әdeby órkenderi eng erte jayylghan keybir elder túraqty әdeby damugha ie bola almay, sol elderding ertedegi әdebiyeti tarihy qúndylyghy bola túra qarabayyr paraqtargha ainalghany qashan?!...
Álemdegi kóptegen meshitter Mekkedegi Ál-Haram meshitining qúrlysy men Ayya-Sofiya meshitining qúrlysyn ýlgi etip salynghany siyaqty, әlemdegi tanymal әdebiyetshilerding jarymynan astamy Shekspiyr, Balizak qatarly aty shyqqan birneshe túlghanyng ruhany shәkirtteri bolyp esepteledi.
Meshit desek, kóz aldymyzgha ýlken kýmbez, múnaralar, aishyq, arabsha jazular, ortasha ýlkendikte salynghan dónes qúrlys eske týse ketedi. Kóz aldymyzda jattalyp qalghan kóp meshitterding beynesi aqshyl qúrylys, sarghysh kýmbez, múnara bolyp kóbinde qatty aiyrma bolmaydy. Tura osy siyaqty әdebiyet әleminde prozanyng qatyp, qalyptasyp qalghan kózge ýiir ýlgisi bolady. Jazushylyqqa qadam basqan kóptegen daryndar ózderin osy ortaq qalypqa salyp, bógenayy bólek erekshelikterinen aiyrylyp qalyp jatady. Biz múnday qatyp qalghan qalyptan bolymsyz bolsada daralyghymyzdy tanytyp bólektene alsaq, mine shyn әdebiyet degen sol. San aluan meshitterge qarap otyrsanyz, Arabtyq jәne Stanbuldyq ýlgiden alystap, ózining últtyq erekshelikterin meshit qúrlysyna sinirgen Filippiyn, Malayziya, Indoneziyadaghy halyqtardyng meshitteri mýldem jana kórkemdikti baghyshtaydy. Indoneziyadaghy meshitterde janbyrly klimattaryna say payda bolghan shatyrsha ýiding qúrlysyn meshitke siniru, meshit ornalasqan ónirding jer bederining qonyr-jasyldy boyauy men kýdir-enistigin meshit qúrlysynyng әrbir búryshyna deyin kirgizu, sol arqyly meshit pen tabighatty jymdastyru, últtyq saltanatty mereke kezinde paydalanatyn tu-jalaushalardyng órnegi men bitimine úqsas dingekterdi meshitterding aldyna qadap saltanatty sipat engizu, Ýndistan siyaqty jaqyn aimaqtardyng mәdeniyetining әserlerin meshit qúrlysyna jymdastyryp az da bolsa kirgizip otyruyna qarap siz de prozanyzgha tughan ónirinizding klimatyna tәn sipattardy, óz jerinizge ghana tәn saltanatty sezinu qaghidalaryn, kórshiles halyqtardyng elinizge jasaghan әserlerin shygharmanyzda kórinis taptyra bilseniz múnyng bәri prozanyzda últtyq erekshelikti qalyptastyruynyzgha kómektesedi. Sol sekildi sizding prozanyz tittey bolsada ózinizding últtyq boyauynyzdy alyp shygha alsa shyn proza sol. Siz әlem әdebiyetinde tanymal bolghan úlylargha eliktegeninizben Ayya-Sofiya meshitining músylman elderindegi myndaghan ýlkendi-kishili kóshirme ýlgileri siyaqty ózine tәn ereksheligi joq jazushynyng birine ainalyp qalasyz.
Ýndistanda san týrli din, san týrli últ bolsa, sonshalyqty kóp týrli dil bar, kórkemóner bar, kóp qyrly aqyl-oy qazynasy bar. Ýndistandaghy meshitting beyneleri eng alghashqy adamzat payda bolghan kezenge jetelep, adam sanasyna auyr oy tastaydy.
Ýndistan týrli anyz-kitaptarynsyz-aq tylsym qúrlystarymen adamgha Qúdaydy tanytyp jiberetin kýshke iye. Ýndistan – San myndaghan әuliyening saghynyshy topyraghyna kómilgen aimaq. Ýndistannan shyqqan rejisserler men jazushylardyng osy qasiyetten ajyramay dara bolugha talpynyp túratyny әlem júrtshylyghynyng kózine birden úrynady. Bizge qanday ónerde bolsyn adamzat jaralghandaghy eng alghashqy tazalyqqa oralyp túru kerek. Boyynyzda qaghilezdik, kóregendik, boljaghyshtyq, danalyq qasiyetter tua bitti bolsa múny qarapayym nadandar "jynnyng erekshe týri qonghan boluy mýmkin" dep dobaldaydy, әste búlay emes. Eng alghashqy jaralghan adamdardyng tazalyghyna jaqyndaghan sayyn, óz tegimizge qaytqan sayyn parasatty sәtter boyymyzdan jii janghyryp otyratyn bolady. Tek taza, adal, dana adam edik, Alla adamdy ýlken mahabbatpen jaratyp edi. Nәpsimizdi retimen ústamay, bir-birimizben ayausyz bylghanyp sol qasiyetterden kóp úrpaq abaysyzda orta jolda ajyrap ketti. Filippindikterding meshitti qyzyl, kýlgin týstermen boyay beretini siyaqty ózinizding últtyq boyaudy shygharmagha sinirude oghash sezingen salt-dәstýrlerdi kirgizuden arlanbanyz, әlem oqyrmandary ýshin tanymal alyptardyng jazatyn baghytyn qaytalaghanynyz qyzyqty emes, әlem oqyrmandary ýshin últtyq boyauynyz qyzyqty.
Siriyadaghy, Iraqtaghy, Ispaniyadaghy, Tunistegi totyqústay týrlengen patshalyq meshitter qay-qay jaghynan alghanda auyzynnyng suyn qúrtady. Búl meshitterge bir patshalyqtyng bar yqylasy, aqyly, kýsh-quaty singen. Sol sekildi patshalyqtardyng qyr-syry jazylghan romandar mәngi óz danqyn joymaydy. Iliyas Esenberlinning sayasattyng tegeurinin eskere otyryp, qysymnyng tar taqiyasyna ynghaylanyp jazylghan "Kóshpendiler"  shygharmasynyng әli de kóp oqylatyn sebebi shygharma óz últynnyng tarihynyng manyzdy buynymen, eski memlekettik aibynymen suarylsa onyng qarapayym kýshi kýn sayyn oqyrmannyng mahabbaty arqyly artyp otyrady. Búdan tys, Shriy-Lankadaghy jergilikti eski patshalyqtyng qasiyetin sinirgen meshiti men Soltýstik Kiprdegi Týrikterden búryn meken etken, búl kýnderi tarihtan shegingen, úmytylghan eski halyqtardyng jan әlemin bildiretin kórkemónerge toly meshitterge qarap otyryp prozagha búrylatyn bolsaq, siz óz topyraghynyzda jasaghan babanyz emes boluy mýmkin órkeniyetterding de boyauyn, әdet-ghúryptaryn jergilikti daralyq retinde shygharmagha alyp kirseniz búl da sizding jazbanyzdy osal etpeydi. Keyde Aljirdaghy Hammad eski qalasynyng ýlgisin jergilikti meshitterine sindirse ghoy dep ýmittenip otyrghanymyzda sizding mekeninizdegi úly romandardyng qúshaghyna kirmegen eski foliklor, eski qorghan-tastardyng siqyryn әlem әdebiyetine bizden kóri anaghúrlym anyq týsinetin sizding alyp shyghuynyzdy qalar edik.
Qytay jaqqa nazar salsanyz eski Tanghyt patshalyghynyng dәurendep túrghan kezdegi biyik mәrtebesin meshitke sinirgen eski Tanghyttardyng úrpaghy bolghan býgingi dýngenderding ónerine tanday qaghamyz. Úmytylghan eski patshalyqtary tarihtyng tereng qúzyna mәngilikke aghyp ketse de,  eski halyqtardyng keyingi úrpaghy dini men tilin, salt-dәstýrin, kiyimin tolyq ózgertip ketse de sol eski dәurendegen kezenderding saltanatyn býgingi kýnde de tamyljytyp qonggha bolady eken. Shilbiygen baghandar, sansyz órnek, týley japyraqty aghash, alyp qúrlysty tiregen dýley kýsh búl meshitten qalay atqyp shyghyp túrsa, sizding de shygharmanyzdan sol beynet pen zeynetti qatar kórgim keledi. Qytaydaghy kelesi bir meshitten angharghanym, sizding shygharmanyzdaghy dýnie tanymynyz óz elinizge úqsamaytyn, basqa bir halyqtardyng oy әlemine juyq bolsa – Oqyrman halqynyzdy shegendelip qalghan oy shenberinen shyghyp basqa týrli oilaugha aparyp moyynyn búrghyzady jәne sizding oi-tanymynyzgha jaqyn bolghan basqa halyqty shygharmanyz baurap sizding últynyzgha belgili týrde jaqyndata týsedi.
Iordaniyadaghy aulasy dóngelek kók shúbar meshitting ýlgisinen ontýstik-shyghys Aziyagha tәn buddalyq hramdardyng keybir erekshelikterin tauyp alamyz. Bәribir búl sipat meshitti tómendetip túrghan joq, bir tuar kórkemónerlik baghasyn arttyryp túr. Tipti, Iordaniya ol ónirlermen baylanysy joq alystaghy ónir. Siz prozanyzda ózinizge alys túrghyndardyng obrazyn sindirseniz de onyng aiyby joq. Alystaghy adamdardyng tabighaty mýmkin sizding tughan jerinizding ortasyna óz auyldastarynyzdan beter ýilesetin shyghar, kórkem prozanyng siqyry әli talay oqyrmandy sener-senbes kýige tastap elitip, eliktetedi.
Malayziyalyqtardyng Mәskeudegi Vasiliy Blajennyy atyndaghy shapaghat ýiining beynesinen aumaytyn kýmbez-múnaralary qyzyl búira, kók búira meshit salghanynda túrghan esh oghashtyq joq. Ertedegi Sarayshyq qalasynyng kremliining úzyndyghy 12 km bolyp, qaqpasynda altynnan istegen arqyraghan eki at bolghan. Vasily Tatiyshevting Kremli sarayyn Sarayshyqtyng kóshirmesi retinde qarauy da sodan bolghan. Olay bolsa, Qyzyl alang – Sarayshyqtyng kilem jayylghanday etip boyauly kerpishpen, mayly shaghylmen tóselgen ken, qyzyl aulasynan kelip shyqqan. Malayziyalyqtar eliktegen Vasiliy Blajennyy atyndaghy sәldeli meshitting ýlgisimen salynghan shapaghat ýii turaly jalghasty aitamyz.
Orys jasaqtary 1561 jyly Qazan handyghyn kýiretken son, Tatarlardy jenuding tarihyn úmyttyrmau ýshin әdeyi Tatarlyq sәldeli ýlgidegi Qúl-Shәrip meshitining beynesinde osy Shapaghat ghibadathanasy túrghyzylghan. "Kәpirge Qazandy qaldyrmaymyn!" dep jantalasqan Tama Shora batyrdyng zamany sol kez. Ol kezde Tatar dep bizdi jәne basqada kóshpendilerdi ataytyn. Qazan handyghyn kóshpendiler biylese, halqy naghyz tatarlar men keyingi uaqytta "tatar" atanyp ketken búlgharlardan túratyn.
Orystar Moskvany Kremlidep, Qyzyl alandandyryp, Sarayshyqtyng ýlgisinde әsemdep, keyin Sarayshyqty osy ýshin qiratyp tastaghan. Meshitteri tura sonday bolghan. Býgingi Moskvadaghy Shapaghat ghibadathanasy sol Qazandaghy Qúl-Shәrip meshitining beynesi bolsa, Malayziyalyqtardyng osy isterine qarap otyryp, prozada jat dindegi halyqtardyng ózinizge erekshe әser etken isterining músylmandyq beynesin, últtyq beynesin jasap shyghuynyzgha da bolady. Olar Qazan jayly bilmese de, Shapaghat ghibadathanasyna qarap otyryp osynday ghajap tuyndygha layyqty meshitti jasay bildi. Dәl osynday jazushylyq tәsil barysynda jat dindegi, jat minezdegi halyqtardyng bizge tәn últtyq beynesin jasap kórgeninizde ghasyrlardyng aldynda úmytylyp ketken eski babalyq beynedegi adamdardyng biz úmytqan jan әlemin óz shygharmamyzdan tauyp aluymyz mýmkin.
Bangladeshtegi eski meshitting osy ónirding halqyna tәn, basqa eshkimge úqsamaytyn múra ekenin zerdeleytin bolsaq, sonymen birge Bangladesh jerinde Buddalyq qúrylystyng sarqynshaqtarynyng kóptigin eskersek, Bangladeshtegi búl kóne meshitti búthanagha úqsap qaldy dep aita almaymyz. Áuel basta búthanany da jergilikti halyq ózderine tanys túrghylyqty jerlerindegi ýy qúrlystary negizinde qalap shyqty emes pe?! Sondyqtan, sizding prozanyzda shamandyq sarqynshaqtar býgingi diny dәstýrlermen qatar oryn alyp jatsa oghan bola qymsynbanyz. Barlyq tarihy sarqynshaqtar men janalyqtar molynan kirgizilse, shygharmanyz kisi tandanarlyq jana bir stili qalyptastyruy ghajap emes. Jarkentte Sin imperiyasynyng qýrlysy ýlgisinde salynghan eski meshitting boluy, Pavlodar men Shymkentte ózgeshe beynedegi jana meshitterding qalanuy, Týrkistanda Qoja-Ahmet Yasauy kesenesi deytin әlemdik diny qúrlystaghy bógenayy bólek keshenning boluy, Zaysan audanynda Zeynolla kesenesi deytin ózgeshe qúrlystyng boluy, Manghystau topyraghyna shoghyrlanghan san qily kesenening boluy, Altaydaghy Túghyryl hannyng dónge ainalghan kesenesi, Altaydaghy Qozy-Bayannyng búghytas qoyylghan beyiti... Búlardyng bәrining Qazaq jerinde ornalasuynyng ózi Qazaq topyraghynyng әlemdik keshender arasynda ózine tәn ereksheligi qalayda baryn anghartady. Ókinishtisi býgingi Qazaqtyng diny qúrlystarynyng ereksheligi óte az, sol siyaqty býgingi Qazaq әdebiyetining ózine tәn әlemnen alys ereksheligi az.
Bizding qúrlysta da, әdebiyette de maqtan tútatyn kezenderimiz, erekshelikterimiz ótken shaqta qalyp qoyghan. Dýniyening jana salynghan qay keremet meshitine qarasanyz jobalaushynyng әlde bir eski qúrlysty nemese últtyq biz bile bermeytin ózine tәn erekshelikpen salghanyn angharamyz... Sol tektes әdem әdebiyetinde jarq etken tyng tuyndynyng avtorynyng ózining biz bile bermeytin últtyq ereksheligin nemese әlem әdebiyetidegi eski avtorlardyng izin basqasha týrde janghyrtyp, sol eskilikke shәkirt bola bilgenin úghynamyz.

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