Orbúlaq shayqasy...
IY.E. Fiysherding «Sibir tarihy» enbeginde sipattalghan Orbúlaq shayqasy (1643 jyl) — qazaq-jonghar soghystarynyng tarihyndaghy eng jarqyn betterding biri.
Búl shayqas әskery taktika men strategiyanyng dalalyq soghys ónerindegi ozyq ýlgisi bolyp tabylady.
Fiysherding jazbalaryna sýiene otyryp, shayqastyng negizgi detalidaryn kelesidey toptastyrugha bolady:
- Kýshterding arasalmaghy
Búl shayqas az ghana qoldyng ýlken armiyany jenuining klassikalyq mysaly:
- Jonghar handyghy
Batyr qontayshy bastaghan 50 000 jauynger.
- Qazaq handyghy
Jәngir súltannyng (Fiysher ony Yangir dep ataydy) tikeley qol astynda nebary 600 jauynger boldy. Keyinirek kómekke Samarqan biyleushisi Jalantós bahadýr bastaghan 20 000 әsker jetti.
- «Or qazu» taktikasy
Jәngir súltan kóshpeliler ýshin óte siyrek kezdesetin, biraq tauly jerge qolayly qorghanys taktikasyn tandady:
- Shayqas Jonghar Alatauynyng tar shatqalynda (Orbúlaq ózenining many) ótti. Múnday jerde jongharlardyng qalyng qoly jayylyp shabuyl jasay almady.
- 600 sarbazdyng 300-i tau ótkelinde tereng or qazyp, ony tastarmen bekitip, ishine bekindi. Olar jaudyng negizgi soqqysyn qabyldady.
- Jәngir súltan bastaghan qalghan 300 sarbaz taudyng tasasynda jasyrynyp, jongharlar ordaghylarmen shayqasyp jatqanda, olardyng tu syrtynan soqqy berudi josparlady.
- Otty qarudyng róli
Fiysher qazaq jauyngerlerining bilteli myltyqtardy sheber paydalanghanyn erekshe ataydy:
- Jongharlar tar jerde ordaghy bekiniske jaqyndaghanda, qazaqtar olardy myltyqpen atqylady.
- Búl sol zamandaghy atty әsker ýshin kýtpegen jaghday jәne ýlken shyghyn әkeletin taktika boldy.
- Shayqastyng barysy men nәtiyjesi
- Birinshi kezen
Jongharlar qazaqtardyng bekinisin alugha tyrysqanymen, oq astynda qalyp, betteri qaytty. Osy kezde Jәngirding jasyryn toby syrttan shabuyldady. Fiysherding deregi boyynsha, jongharlar shayqastyng alghashqy saghattarynda-aq 10 000-gha juyq adamynan aiyrylghan.
- Ekinshi kezen
Shayqas qyzyp jatqan tústa kómekke Jalantós bahadýr keldi. Jana kýshting qosylghanyn kórgen Batyr qontayshy sheginuge mәjbýr boldy.
- Nәtiyjesinde qazaqtar óz jerin qorghap qaldy, al búl jenis Jonghar handyghynyng ishkeriley enuin ondaghan jyldargha toqtatty.
- Fiysherding baghasy
IY.E. Fiysher Jәngir súltannyng әskery talantyn joghary baghalaghan. Ol kóshpelilerding tek ashyq dalada shabuyldap qana qoymay, jer bederin paydalanudy jәne injenerlik qorghanys (or qazu) júmystaryn jetik mengergenin ghylymy túrghyda dәleldep berdi.
Fiysherding enbeginde Jalantós bahadýrding әskery kýsh-quaty men bedeli erekshe atap ótiledi.
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