Qazaqstan men Ózbekstan arasyndaghy qarym-qatynas imperiyalar men KSRO ishindegi birynghay kenistikten HHI ghasyrdaghy tәuelsiz seriktestikke deyin jyldar boyy birtindep damydy.

KSRO ydyraghangha deyin (1991 jylgha deyin), qazirgi Qazaqstan men Ózbekstan aumaqtary Resey imperiyasynyng qúramynda boldy. Qazan tónkerisinen keyin aimaqtyng kenestik qayta qúryluy bastaldy.

1924–1925 jyldary Ortalyq Aziyada últtyq-aumaqtyq shekara belgileu jýrgizildi. Sóitip, Qazaq KSR jәne Ózbek KSR qúryldy.

KSRO qúramynda shekaralar halyqaralyq emes, әkimshilik sipatqa ie boldy. Qazaqstan men Ózbekstan ekonomikalary tyghyz integrasiyalanghan (maqta, astyq, ónerkәsip) edi. Qazaqstan men Ózbekstan arasynda halyqtyng kóshi-qony belsendi jýrdi. Búl kezende qarym-qatynastar is jýzinde bir memleketting – KSRO ishinde jýrip jatty.

1991 jyly KSRO ydyraghannan keyin Qazaqstan men Ózbekstan tәuelsiz memleketter atandy. Eki el arasynda diplomatiyalyq qarym-qatynastar ornatyldy (1992 jyly).

Negizgi erekshelikteri: saqtyqpen yntymaqtastyq jәne aimaqtyq kóshbasshylyq ýshin bәsekelestik.

Sheshilmegen mәseleler:

• shekaralardy delimitasiyalau;
• su resurstary (Syrdariya, Ámudariya);
• әrtýrli damu modelideri: Qazaqstan - ashyq ekonomika, Ózbekstan - Islam Karimov túsyndaghy jabyq sayasat jýrgizdi.

Qarym-qatynastar túraqty boldy, biraq onsha tereng emes edi.

Áriyne, Nazarbaev pen Karimovtyng biyligi kezinde Qazaqstan Respublikasy (QR) men Ózbekstan Respublikasy (ÓR) arasyndaghy qarym-qatynastar yntymaqtastyqtan bastap jasyryn bәsekelestikke deyin kýrdeli jәne týsiniksiz boldy.

Búl Ortalyq Aziyadaghy kóshbasshylyq ýshin bәsekeles eki el arasyndaghy qarym-qatynas edi. Eki memleket te aimaqta manyzdy ról atqardy, biraq integrasiya men syrtqy sayasatqa qatysty kózqarastary әrtýrli boldy.

1991 jyly KSRO ydyraghannan keyin eki el de túraqty qarym-qatynas ornatugha jәne ekonomikalyq baylanystardy saqtaugha úmtyldy. Tәuelsiz Memleketter Dostastyghy (TMD) siyaqty aimaqtyq úiymdar ayasynda yntymaqtastyq ornady. Sauda, kólik jәne qauipsizdik turaly kelisimderge qol qoyyldy. Ekstremizmge qarsy kýres jәne aimaqtyq qauipsizdik ortaq mәsele boldy.

Nazarbaev integrasiyany (mysaly, Euraziyalyq odaqty) algha tartty. Al Karimov bolsa, oqshaulanu sayasatyn ústandy jәne últ týrli odaqtargha saqtyqpen qarady. Búl aimaqta yqpal etu ýshin bәsekelestik tudyrdy.

Eki el de Ortalyq Aziyanyng negizgi ekonomikalyq ortalyghy bolugha úmtyldy. Qazaqstan múnaygha, investisiyagha jәne halyqaralyq naryqtargha nazar audardy. Ózbekstan otandyq ónerkәsipke jәne ózin-ózi qamtamasyz etuge nazar audardy.

Qazaqstan ashyq jәne kópvektorly sayasat jýrgizdi. Karimovtyng túsynda Ózbekstan kóbinese integrasiyalyq jobalardan (әrtýrli úiymdardan shyghu jәne qayta kirudi qosa alghanda) alshaqtap otyrdy.

1990 jyldardyng ayaghy men 2000 jyldardyng basynda Qazaqstan men Ózbekstan arasyndaghy qarym-qatynastarynyng nasharlaghanyn moyyndau kerek (Eki arada viza erejelerining kýshengi, shekaralardyng jabyluy, ózara kýdiktenu t.b.). Nazarbaev pen Karimov arasyndaghy jeke qarym-qatynastar eshqanday aiqyn odaqtastyqsyz saqtaldy.

Osylaysha, Qazaqstan men Ózbekstan arasyndaghy qarym-qatynasty kelesidey sipattaugha bolady: «bәsekelestik elementteri bar pragmatikalyq jaqyndyq».

1. Yntymaqtastyq – qajettilikten tuyndaghan (qauipsizdik, sauda).

2. Aymaqtyq yqpal ýshin bәsekelestik.

2016 jyly Karimov qaytys bolghannan jәne Shavkat Mirziyyoevting biylikke keluinen keyin qarym-qatynas aitarlyqtay jaqsardy. Ózbekstannyng jana basshysy kelgennen beri qanday ózgerister boldy:

1. Diplomatiyany kýsheytu.

2. Shekaradan ótudi jenildetu.

3. Saudanyng ósui.

4. Strategiyalyq seriktestik turaly kelisimderge qol qoi.

Atap ótu kerek, sol kezde qazaq elin Nazarbaev basqardy.

Qazirgi kezeng (2020–2026 jj.) nemese Preziydentter Qasym-Jomart Toqaev jәne Shavkat Mirziyyoev túsynda: Qazaqstan jәne Ózbekstan qarym-qatynastary jana dengeyge kóterildi.

1. Ekonomika. Ózbekstan - Ortalyq Aziyadaghy Qazaqstannyng eng iri sauda seriktesterining biri.

2. Belsendi damu:

• kólik dәlizderi;
• logistika;
• ónerkәsiptik yntymaqtastyq.

1. Kólik jәne infraqúrylym. Birlesken tranzitti damytu jobalary (Qytay-Europa baghyttaryn qosa alghanda).

2. Sayasat jәne qauipsizdik. Kelesi shenberdegi ýilestiru:

• Shanhay yntymaqtastyq úiymy;
• Týrki memleketteri úiymy;
• su resurstary.

Áli de manyzdy mәsele (Syrdariya), biraq kelissózder arqyly sheshildi. Jana mәrtebe -odaqtastyq qatynastary turaly shartqa qol qoyyldy (2022 jyly). Býginde elder aimaqtaghy strategiyalyq seriktester jәne is jýzindegi odaqtastar bolyp tabylady.

Qazaqstan men Ózbekstan arasyndaghy qarym-qatynastyng evolusiyasy kelesidey:

- 1991 jylgha deyin; – birtútas memleket;

- 1990-2000 jyldar – saq kórshiler;

2016 jyldan bastap – belsendi jaqyndasu.

Býgingi tanda – strategiyalyq odaqtastar.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov,

tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, S. Seyfullin atyndaghy Qazaq agrotehnikalyq zertteu uniyversiytetining dosenti

Abai.kz