Qazirgi Qazaqstanda qoghamnyng tarihy sanasyn janghyrtu boyynsha belsendi jәne maqsatty júmystar jýrgizilude. Óz halqynyz ben elinizding tarihyn bilu sizge biyl 35 jyldyghyn atap ótetin Tәuelsizdikting erekshe qúndylyghyn týsinuge kómektesedi.

Memleketimizding basty maqsaty - halyqtyng mýddesin qorghau jәne últtyq iydeyalardy jýzege asyru. Qazirgi tarihta alghash ret búl mýddeler men iydeyalar ótken ghasyrdyng basyndaghy Alash qozghalysynyng sayasy baghdarlamalyq qújattarynda eng aiqyn kórinis tapty.

«Alash» - qazaqtardyng miftik ata-babasynyng atauy, ol keyinnen partiyagha ainalghan qoghamdyq-sayasy qozghalysty bildiru ýshin qabyldanghan. Partiya men bolashaq avtonomiyalyq oblys jetekshilerining biri Álihan Bókeyhanov óz maqalalarynda «Alash» sózi ghasyrlar boyy qazaqtardyng kýreskerlik úrany bolghanyn jazghan.

Dәl osy úly atau Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng tәuelsizdigine serpin bergen qozghalysty belgiledi. Tәuelsizdikting 35 jyldyghy ayasynda biz Alash qozghalysynyng tarihyn jәne onyng qúramynda bolghan túlghalardy eske týsirip, olardyng múrasyn jana dәuirge úsynuymyz kerek. Óitkeni, qazirgi zamanghy tarihty bilu ghana emes, sonymen qatar onyng shyghu tegin bilu de qajet.

HH ghasyrdyng basynda qazaq últ-azattyq qozghalysynyng payda boluy tarihy túrghydan zandy jәne әdil oqigha boldy. Qozghalystyng payda boluynyng negizgi sebebi sol kezdegi qazaq halqynyng eng progressivti bóligi – qazaq demokratiyalyq ziyaly qauymynyng – últtyq sanasynyng payda boluy men ósui jәne últtyq mýddelerdi týsinui, sonday-aq qazaq qoghamynyng jedel damuy jәne patshalyqtyng otarshyldyq sayasatyna qarsy kýres boldy.

Samoderjavie tarihy túrghydan birtútas últty kýshtep bólshektep, ony bólek otarshyldyq basqaru organdaryna bólip, qazaq halqynyng ata-baba jerin basyp alyp, bóten bilim beru jýiesin engizdi, búl qazaq halqynyng ana tili men mәdeniyetining joyyluyna әkeldi. Múnyng bәri patshalyq pen onyng jetekshi ókilderi – Álihan Bókeyhanov, Ahmet Baytúrsynov jәne basqalar bastaghan qazaq halqy arasyndaghy qaqtyghysqa әkeldi.

HH ghasyrdyng basynda samoderjaviyening eskirip bara jatqany aiqyn boldy. 1905-1907 jyldardaghy Birinshi orys revolusiyasy qazaq dalasyna jetti. Osy uaqyttan bastap «Alash» qozghalysynyng qúryluy bastaldy. Alash Orda halqynyng bolashaghy bilim beru bastamalaryndaghy tәjiriybesining baylyghy men aluan týrliligimen, merzimdi basylymdardy qúruymen, sosialistik, liyberaldyq, músylman úiymdarynyn, partiyalary men qozghalystarynyng qúramynda sayasy kýreske sheshushi qatysuymen jәne kóptegen qogham qayratkerlerimen, ghalymdarmen jәne qogham belsendilerimen yntymaqtastyqpen erekshelendi.

Tәuelsiz partiya qúru әreketteri jәne alghashqy últtyq gazet «Qazaq» betterindegi qyzu pikirtalastar arqyly parlamentarizmning shekteuli tәjiriybesine jәne 1916 jylghy qorqynyshty jyly halyq mýddelerin qorghaudyng qiyn tәjiriybesine negizdelgen jospar jasaldy.

Memleket qúru iydeyasyn jýzege asyrudyng eng qolayly qúraly retinde últtyq partiya qúru keng auqymdy qyzmetti bastady. Osylaysha, «Alash» partiyasy dýniyege keldi. Al sodan keyin, 1917 jyly Qazaq avtonomiyasynyng basqarushy organy – Alash Orda qúryldy. Semey qalasy osy manyzdy tarihy oqighalardyng ortalyghyna ainaldy.

Sonymen qatar, sol kezdegi qazaq qoghamynyng taghy bir jetistigin atap ótken jón: baspasózding damuy. «Qazaq» gazetinen keyin «Saryarqa» gazeti payda boldy, ol is jýzinde Alashtyng dauysyna ainaldy, onyng is-әreketteri men oilary turaly habarlady. Búl gazette Sәken Seyfullin men Múhtar Áuezov bastaghan partiya belsendilerining enbekteri jariyalandy.

«Alash» qozghalysynyng maqsattary qazaq halqynyng sauattylyghyn arttyru, qazaq últtyq mektebin damytu, zamanauy jalpy jәne, atap aitqanda, sayasy jәne qúqyqtyq mәdeniyetti damytu, qazaq elitasy men búqarasyn ókildi organdar, sayasy partiyalar, qoghamdyq úiymdar, ýkimet jәne jergilikti ózin-ózi basqaru organdary arqyly naqty sayasy proseske tartu boldy.

Alash partiyasynyng bilimdi kóshbasshylary sol kezdegi qoghamdyq-sayasy oy arsenalynda bar ozyq teoriyalyq jәne iydeologiyalyq әzirlemelerdi shygharmashylyqpen paydalandy. Áriyne, qozghalystyng negizi últtyq Alash partiyasy boldy. Ol Qazaqstandy HH ghasyrdyng basyndaghy burjuaziyalyq-kapitalistik qatynastargha beyimdeuge tyrysty. Búl evolusiyalyq jolmen – reformalar jәne qoghamdaghy birtindep, biraq jýieli ózgerister arqyly qol jetkizu kerek.

Alash partiyasy 1917 jyly Qazan tónkerisining iydeyalary men úrandaryn qabyldamady jәne azamat soghysy kezinde keneske qarsy jәne bolishevikterge qarsy kýshterding odaqtasyna ainaldy. Búl qaqtyghysta Alash partiyasy men Alash Orda ýkimeti jeniliske úshyrady.

Olardy «Biz qazaq halqyn otarshyldyqtyng qúrsauynan azat etemiz!» degen úran biriktirdi. Qazan tónkerisinen әldeqayda búryn qazaq liyberaldyq-demokratiyalyq qozghalysynyng kóshbasshylary Qazaqstannyng әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jәne sayasy damuyna arnalghan baghdarlamalardy keninen nasihattady.

Alash partiyasynyng baghdarlamasy qazaq qoghamyn taptyq birlikke emes, últtyq birlikke negizdep biriktiruge negizdelgen bolatyn. Alash qozghalysynyng ókilderi jerdi qazaqtardyng menshigi retinde tanu turaly zandar qabyldaudy jәne ana tilinde oqytatyn mektepter men joghary oqu oryndaryn ashudy talap etti.

Olar sharualardy qazaq aumaghyna qonystandyrudy shekteudi jәne olardyng qúqyqtaryn berudi jaqtady; kedeylerge bostandyq pen tendik. Búl baghdarlama Alash partiyasynyng qarapayym halyq arasynda keng tanymal boluyn qamtamasyz etti, olar da óz qúqyqtary men mýddelerin qorghaudy armandady.

Osydan tura 35 jyl búryn tughan, ayauly Qazaqstanymyz tәuelsiz, egemen el boldy. Osy jyldar ishinde Qazaqstan búrynghy odaqtas ekonomikasy shiykizattyq respublikadan kópvektorly syrtqy sayasat jýrgizetin, naryqtyq ekonomika qúryp, әlemning damyghan elderining qataryna qosylghan tәuelsiz memleketke ainaldy.

Qazaqstan Respublikasy tәuelsizdik alghan osynau 35 jyl ishinde Alash qozghalysynyng barlyq iydeyalary men arman-maqsattary shyndyqqa ainaldy. Qazaqstannyng egemendi, beybitshilikti sýietin, syndarly jәne jasampaz memleket jәne qogham retindegi sayasy jәne halyqaralyq imidji osy iydeyalar negizinde qalyptasty.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov,

tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, S. Seyfullin atyndaghy Qazaq agrotehnikalyq zertteu uniyversiytetining dosenti

Abai.kz