16–17 ghasyrlarda britandyqtar óte auyr jaghdayda boldy. Osyny rastap, Robertson 16-ghasyrda «Angliya artta qalghan el edi» dep atap ótse, 17-ghasyrdyng basynda Úlybritaniya «búrys basqarudan zardap shekken, azamattyq soghystan kýizeliske týsken, saudany keneytuge mýmkindigi joq, óte az kapitaly bar el boldy» dep Lajpat Ray da atap ótken.

Qazirgi tanda kópshilikke belgili bolghan mәlimetterge qaraghanda, Úlybritaniyanyng jalpy ishki ónimi (JIÓ) 1500 jyly bary-joghy 2 815 million dollar bolsa, 1700 jyly 10 709 million dollar bolghan (Angus Meddison).

Al tipti 1000 - jyly Ýndistannyng JIÓ-i shamamen 33 750 million dollardy qúraghan. Keyinnen 1500 jyly 60 500 million dollargha jetip, 1700 jyldary búl kórsetkish 90 750 million dollargha deyin ósken. Búl Ýndistannyng sol kezdegi eng bay el bolghanyn kórsetedi.

18-ghasyrda Ýndistan joghary sapaly dayyn toqyma búiymdary men dәmdeuishterdi jetkizude monopoliyalyq qúqyqqa ie edi. 1750 jyly onyng saudasy әlemdik jalpy saudanyng shamamen 24,5 payyzyn qúrady (David Clingingsmith & Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2020).

Osy aralyqta Ýndistannyng baylyghyn bilip alghan britandyqtar Ýndistanmen ózara tiyimdi júmys isteu kelisimshartyn jasasty. Memleketting yqpaldy adamdaryna Angliyagha erkin kelip-ketu vizasyn, baspana alu mýmkindigin qamtamasyz etip, dostyq qarym-qatynasta bolu kelissózderin jýrgize bastady. Osynyng nәtiyjesinde Ýndistannyng memlekettik basqaruynda bolghan adamdar Angliyada jyljymaytyn mýlikke ie boldy. Búl ózara tiyimdi kelisimning alghashqy nәtiyjesi edi, al onyng qarymyna aghylshyndar Ýndistannyng altyny men baylyghyn alyp, ornyna baghaly qaghaz dep atalatyn boryshqorlyq tilhattar bere bastady. Osy kezden bastap Úlybritaniyanyng JIÓ-i 1870 jyldan bastap 100 179 million dollargha (ortasha eseppen 5% ósimmen) jetip, keyin 1950 jyly 347 850 million dollargha deyin kýrt ósti (Meddison).

Angliyanyng damy bastauy

Osy kelisimning nәtiyjesinde 18-ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda Angliyanyng әleumettik-ekonomikalyq ómirinde orasan zor ózgerister oryn aldy. Búl qúbylys ónerkәsip tónkerisi dep ataldy jәne osy tónkeristi sәtti jýzege asyrugha qajetti investisiyanyng basym bóligin Ýndistan qamtamasyz etti.

Aghylshyndar Ýndistannyng biyligine yqpal etip, búrys adamdardy basqarugha shyghardy, al olardyng qoldauymen biylikke otyrghandar britandyqtardyng qatygez sayasatyn óz elinde jýzege asyra bastady. Onyng ishinde: últtyq kәsipkerlerge joghary salyq salu, toqyma ónerkәsibi men keme jasau siyaqty salalargha sauda shekteulerin qoi siyaqty qasqóilik qarjy sayasatyn jýrgizdi. Yaghni, biyliktegi jemqorlar óz eline qarsy júmys istep, Ýndistan ekonomikasynyng qúldyrauyna ýlken ýles qosty. Osylaysha britandyqtar orasan zor baylyqty tegin tasyp әketti.

Búl kezende Ýndistan halqynyng da, memleketting de jaghdayy auyrlay bastady. Ýndistannyng baylyghyna kóz sýzgender toqtausyz barlyq baylyqty tasyp әketip, ónerkәsipterin japty. Onyng ornyna Angliya óz ónerkәsibin damytty. Osynyng nәtiyjesinde Angliya halqy júmyspen qamtylyp, túrmysy týzelse, Ýndistan halqy júmyssyz qalyp, ashtyqtan qabyrghasy yrsighan teri men sýiekke ainaldy. Osylaysha ashyqqan halyqtyng sonynda kýresetin de qauqary qalmady.

Osynday jaghdaygha jetkizu ýshin aghylshyn tilindegi bilim berudi psihologiyalyq otarlau qúraly retinde paydalandy.

Aghylshyndar ýndisterding sanasyn otarlaudyng eng tiyimdi joly aghylshyn tilindegi bilim berudi engizu ekenin týsindi. Sondyqtan Mahatma Gandiyding «Kórkem aghash» dep ataghan jergilikti halyqtyng bilim beru jýiesin taratyp, joydy. Onyng ornyna ýndisterge Europa әdebiyetin, batys óneri men tilin ýiretuge ýlken mәn berdi. Bilim jýiesining kýireui Ýndistan jastaryn moralidyq jaghynan azdyryp, bilimsiz etip shyghardy.

Bilimsizdikting ýstine últtyq múrasy men dәstýrin úmytqany Ýndistan halqyn patriottyq sezimnen júrday etti. Patriottyq sana qalyptaspaghandyqtan, ne ýshin jәne qalay kýreserin bilmeytin, kýressiz halyqqa ainaldy. Olarda baghatyn mal da, mal sonynan kóshetin mýmkindik te bolmady. Egin egetin jerlerin jerdi jekeshelendiru arqyly tartyp alghandyqtan, basatyn jer de qalmady. Osylaysha Ýndistan eli Angliya otarshylarynyng kesirinen әlemdegi eng bay elden qorqynyshty kedeyler eline ainaldy.

Búnyng bәri biylikke otyrghan jemqorlardyng kesiri. Osynday kórinis býgingi Qazaqstannan da bayqalatyn tәrizdi.

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