1956 jylghy Budapesht pen 1986 jylghy Jeltoqsan oqighalarynyng sabaqtastyghy

KSRO-nyng totalitarlyq sayasaty men komandalyq-burokratiyalyq basqaru jýiesine qarsy kýreste Budapeshtegi 1956 jylghy vengr kóterilisi men 1986 jylghy Almatydaghy Jeltoqsan oqighalary erekshe oryn alady. Tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty Kerimsal Júbatqanov búl eki oqighanyng sayasy astary men tarihy manyzyn sarapqa salady.

Azattyqqa úmtylys: Qozghaushy sebepter

Eki kóterilisting de týpki sebebi — Mәskeu tarapynan jýrgizilgen otarshyldyq sayasatqa, últtyq mýddelerding eleusiz qaluyna jәne jergilikti halyqtyng yrqyna qarsy kýshtep tanylghan sheshimderge narazylyq.

• Vengriya (1956 jyl): Ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghystan keyin elde ornatylghan M. Rakoshiyding stalindik rejiymi jappay qughyn-sýrginge, 650 mynnan astam azamattyng sayasy qudalaugha úshyrauyna әkeldi. Studentter men halyq demokratiyalyq reformalardy qoldaytyn Imre Nadty ýkimetke qaytarudy, erkin saylau ótkizudi jәne kenes әskerin elden shygharudy talap etti.

• Qazaqstan (1986 jyl): Odaqtyq ministrlikterding respublika ekonomikasyn otarlyq jýiede ústauy, qazaq mektepterining jabyluy jәne tildik qysym halyqtyng narazylyghyn shoghyrlandyrdy. Týpki týrtki — Ortalyqtyng jergilikti halyqtyng pikirin eskermesten, Respublika Kompartiyasy Ortalyq Komiytetining birinshi hatshylyghyna Qazaqstanmen esh baylanysy joq G. Kolbindi taghayyndauy boldy.

Úqsastyqtar men aiyrmashylyqtar

Tarihy salystyru eki oqighanyng arasyndaghy tikeley baylanystar men ózindik erekshelikterdi kórsetedi.

Negizgi úqsastyqtar:

• Ortalyq sayasatyna qarsylyq: Eki oqigha da KSRO-nyng memleketter men respublikalardyng ishki iygiligi men basqaru jýiesine óktemdikpen aralasuynan tuyndady.

• Jastardyng jetekshi róli: Budapeshte de, Almatyda da narazylyqtyng basynda bilimdi jastar men studentter túrdy.

• Biylikting qatal kýsh qoldanuy: Kenes ýkimeti eki jaghdayda da dialogtan bas tartyp, demonstrasiyalardy әsker men arnayy qúraldardyng (tankter, saperlik kýrekter, qyzmettik itter) kómegimen ayausyz basyp-nyshtady.

• Últtyq qayta oyanu: Eki kóterilis de totalitarlyq rejimning irgesin shayqaltyp, egemendikke degen úmtylystyng simvolyna ainaldy.

Basty aiyrmashylyghy: 1956 jylghy Vengriyadaghy oqighalar auqymdy qaruly kóterilis sipatyn alyp, elding Kenestik bloktan tolyq shyghuyn maqsat etti. Al 1986 jylghy Almatydaghy Jeltoqsan oqighasy bastapqyda kadrlyq әdiletsizdikke qarsy beybit demonstrasiya retinde bastalyp, keyinnen jalpyúlttyq sayasy sipatqa ie boldy.

Tarihy sabaqtastyq pen manyzy

1956 jylghy Vengr revolusiyasy da, 1986 jylghy Jeltoqsan kóterilisi de Kenes imperiyasynyng ydyrauyn jaqyndatqan tarihy belester bolyp tabylady. Ortalyq tarapynan «últshyldyq» nemese «búzaqylyq» dep sipattalghan búl oqighalar uaqyt óte kele ózderining tarihy әdil baghasyn aldy.

Qazirgi tanda búl oqighalar eki halyqtyng tәuelsizdigi men últtyq qadir-qasiyetin saqtau jolyndaghy kýresining aiqyn dәleli retinde tarihta qaldy.

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