Býgin, 3 qyrkýiek – Qazaqy tazy men tóbet kýni. Qazaq ýshin tazy – anshylyqta serik bolghan jýirik it qana emes, ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan últtyq mәdeniyetting bir bóligi.

«Jýirik at, qúmay tazy, qyran býrkit» dep dәriptegen qazaq tazyny jeti qazynanyng birine balaghan. Onyng boyyndaghy jýiriktik, alghyrlyq pen tózimdilik kóshpeli ómir saltyna beyimdelip qalyptasqan.

Tazynyng bitimi nege әrtýrli?

Tazynyng basty ereksheligi – jenil әri jinaqy dene bitimi. Úzyn túmsyghy, keng keudesi, sinirli ayaqtary men iykemdi denesi onyng joghary jyldamdyqpen jýgiruine mýmkindik beredi.

Qazaqtyng dәstýrli tanymynda tazylar tabighy ortasyna qaray taulyq jәne dalalyq bolyp bólinedi.

Taulyq tazynyng denesi shaghyndau bolghanymen, qiya-jartasty jerde jýruge epti. Al dalalyq tazynyng boyy súnghaq, ayaqtary úzyn әri jazyq dalada úzaq qashyqtyqqa shabugha beyim.

Ónirge qaray da aiyrmashylyq bayqalady. Soltýstik jәne Shyghys Qazaqstandaghy tazylar iri, sýiegi juan, deneli әri sinirli bolyp keledi. Múnday erekshelik qarly, orman-toghayly aimaqtardyng tabighatyna beyimdelumen baylanysty. Al ontýstik ónirlerdegi tazylar salystyrmaly týrde jenil әri shiraq keledi.

Jarghaq qúlaq pen shashaq qúlaq

Qazaqy tazy arasynda jarghaq qúlaq jәne shashaq qúlaq týrleri kezdesedi.

Jarghaq qúlaq siyrek kezdesetin erekshe jaratylys retinde sipattalady. Onyng denesi jyp-jinaqy, artyq mayy joq, som әri sinirli bolady. Múnday tazylardyng alghyrlyghy men minezi de joghary baghalanghan.

Shashaq qúlaqtyng basty ereksheligi – qúlaghynda úzyn jýnning boluy.

Tazynyng tarihy beynesi qazirgi qalyptasqan týsinikten de ken. Qazaqtyng auyzsha jәne jazba mәdeniyetinde ala, targhyl týsti tazylar da kezdesedi. Aqan serining ala tazysy men Múhtar Áuezovting «Abay jolynda» suretteletin targhyl tazy – sonyng mysaly.

Sondyqtan tazynyng túqymdyq ereksheligin tek týsimen ólsheu jetkiliksiz. Onyng dene bitimi, shyghu tegi, minezi men basqa da qasiyetteri birge qarastyrylady.

Qazaq tazyny kýshiginen tanyghan

Búrynghy qazaq anshylary tazyny kýshiginen-aq tandaghan. Jana tughan kezinen onyng dene qúrylymyna, minez-qúlqyna, úyadaghy qalpyna nazar audarghan.

Tazy tandaghanda keudesining kendigine, qabyrghasynyng ornalasuyna, ayaqtarynyng araqashyqtyghyna, jauyryny men moynyna, jambas qúrylysyna jәne jalpy dene proporsiyasyna mәn bergen.

Tipti bir ailyq kýshikti ýzengiden ótkizu arqyly synaghan degen derek bar. Kýshikting keudesi men jiligi ýzengi arasynan erkin ótse, ony jaqsy belgige balaghan.

Tazynyng syrtqy erekshelikterin sipattaytyn halyqtyq ataular da kóp. «Jylanbas», «týlki túmsyq», «qasqyr sheke», «qoyan jon», «saghaqty», «teris azu» sekildi sózder itting dene bitimi men minezin sipattau ýshin qoldanylghan.

Tazynyng minezi de bólek

Tazy qazaq úghymynda kirpiyaz әri talghampaz it sanalghan. Ózge itterge qaraghanda tazalyqty jaqsy saqtaytyndyqtan, búryn ony kiyiz ýiding ishine kirgizuge rúqsat etilgen.

Onyng jasyn anyqtaudyng da ózindik dәstýri bolghan. Anshylar «neshe qar basty?» dep súrap, tazynyng qansha ret angha shyqqanyn eseptegen. Shamamen segiz ailyghynda angha salugha dayyndaghan.

Tazynyng minezin sipattauda onyng kózine de mәn bergen. Kózi shoqtay janghan, ótkir janarly itterdi «qyran kóz», «qarshygha kóz» dep ataghan.

Qúiryghynyng shayan sekildi shiyrshyq atyp túruy da onyng dene qúrylysynyng bir ereksheligi sanalghan. Múnday bitim ang qughan kezde shalt búrylyp, baghytyn tez ózgertuine mýmkindik beredi.

Tazy – anshylyq mәdeniyetting bir bóligi

Qazaq ýshin anshylyq jay ghana kәsip emes, ózindik әdebi qalyptasqan óner bolghan. Andy orynsyz qinamau, tabighattyng zandylyghyn saqtau jәne oljany ysyrap etpeu sekildi ústanymdar anshylyq mәdeniyetting negizin qúraghan.

Osy dәstýrde tazy anshynyng senimdi serigi boldy. Ol ózining jyldamdyghy men eptiligining arqasynda anshylyqta manyzdy ról atqarghan.

«Zaman týlki bolsa, tazy bolyp shal» degen qazaq maqaly da tazynyng shapshandyghyn ghana emes, onyng alghyrlyqtyng simvolyna ainalghanyn kórsetedi.

Tazynyng qasiyeti adam minezin sipattaugha da qoldanylghan. Mәselen, «aq azu» jomart, elshil, keng peyildi adamdy bildirse, «teris azu» túiyq bolghanymen, qajet kezde qarsy túra alatyn minezdi menzegen.

Tazynyng túqymyn saqtau – últtyq múrany saqtau

Tazy túqymynyng tarihynda budandasu mәselesi de bar. Qazirgi tazylardyng arasynda basqa túqymdardyng qanymen aralasqan itter kezdesetini aitylady. Sәuleukey, taygan jәne qyrghyz itterimen budandasqan týrlerding boluy tazynyng syrtqy úqsastyghy men genetikalyq tazalyghy eki bólek mәsele ekenin kórsetedi.

Sondyqtan qazaqy tazynyng týpki bolmysyn saqtau ýshin onyng syrtqy beynesimen qatar, shyghu tegi men túqymdyq erekshelikterin de zertteu manyzdy.

Tarihy derekterde qazaq tazylarynyng súlulyghy men jýiriktigine sheteldik sayahatshylardyng da nazar audarghany aitylady. XIX ghasyrdaghy birqatar jazbalarda Týrkistan ónirining tazylary erekshe sipattalyp, olardyng alys qashyqtyqqa jýgirudegi qabileti joghary baghalanghan.

Bir kezderi qazaqtyng әr ýiinde tazy ústau qalypty jaghday bolghan. Býginde búl dәstýrdi saqtau – últtyq múrany qorghaudyng bir baghyty.

Qazaq tazysy – ótkenning esteligi ghana emes. Onyng boyyndaghy jýiriktik, alghyrlyq, tózimdilik pen erkindik úghymdary qazaq dalasynyng bolmysymen bite qaynasqan.

Sondyqtan tazyny saqtau – bir ghana it túqymyn saqtau emes. Onymen birge ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan anshylyq dәstýrdi, tabighatpen ýilesimdi ómir sýru tәjiriybesin jәne últtyq mәdeny jadyny saqtau.

Tazy – dalanyng jýirigi ghana emes, qazaqtyng erkindigi men alghyrlyghynyng simvoly.

Abai.kz