Qorshaghan ortany qorghau

Múnaydyng qarama-qayshylyqty qasiyetteri kóp dep eskertedi ekologtar. Ol tabighat tuyndysy bola otyryp, jer betine shyqqan kezde tirshilik ataulygha qauip tóndiredi. Mysaly, topyraq - qorshaghan ortanyng manyzdy kompenenti, ol tabighatta ondaghan jәne jýzdegen myng jyl boyy qúrylymdalady. Onyng lastanuy eleuli ekologiyalyq jәne ekonomikalyq ziyangha әkeledi: auyl sharuashylyghy ónimderining ónimdiligi azayady, qorshaghan ortanyng sanitarlyq jaghdayy nasharlaydy.

Qazaqstannyng múnay óndirushi kәsiporyndary obektilerinde qorshaghan ortany qorghau mәselelerin keshendi týrde sheshu jәne servistik qyzmetter kórsetu ýshin 2001 jyly «Aqtóbe NGS» JShS qúryldy. Qazirgi uaqytqa deyin búl kәsiporyn Manghystau oblysynda ghana tehnologiyalyq keshenderde, negizinen Soltýstik Bozashy ken ornyn iygerushi «Buzachi Operating Ltd.» kompaniyasy men Qaraqúdyq ken ornyn óndeytin «QaraqúdyqMúnay» JShS aumaghynda óndiris qaldyqtaryn qabyldau men óndeu boyynsha júmystar jýrgizip keldi.

Qorshaghan ortany qorghau

Múnaydyng qarama-qayshylyqty qasiyetteri kóp dep eskertedi ekologtar. Ol tabighat tuyndysy bola otyryp, jer betine shyqqan kezde tirshilik ataulygha qauip tóndiredi. Mysaly, topyraq - qorshaghan ortanyng manyzdy kompenenti, ol tabighatta ondaghan jәne jýzdegen myng jyl boyy qúrylymdalady. Onyng lastanuy eleuli ekologiyalyq jәne ekonomikalyq ziyangha әkeledi: auyl sharuashylyghy ónimderining ónimdiligi azayady, qorshaghan ortanyng sanitarlyq jaghdayy nasharlaydy.

Qazaqstannyng múnay óndirushi kәsiporyndary obektilerinde qorshaghan ortany qorghau mәselelerin keshendi týrde sheshu jәne servistik qyzmetter kórsetu ýshin 2001 jyly «Aqtóbe NGS» JShS qúryldy. Qazirgi uaqytqa deyin búl kәsiporyn Manghystau oblysynda ghana tehnologiyalyq keshenderde, negizinen Soltýstik Bozashy ken ornyn iygerushi «Buzachi Operating Ltd.» kompaniyasy men Qaraqúdyq ken ornyn óndeytin «QaraqúdyqMúnay» JShS aumaghynda óndiris qaldyqtaryn qabyldau men óndeu boyynsha júmystar jýrgizip keldi.

Eger barlyghy da jospargha sәikes jýretin bolsa, «Aqtóbe NGS»  tayau uaqyttardyng ózinde-aq «SNPS-Aqtóbemúnaygaz» AQ iygerip jatqan «Soltýstik Truva» ken ornynda óndiris qaldyqtaryn qabyldau men óndeudi bastaytyn bolady. «Aqtóbe NGS» mýmkindikti paydalana otyryp, oblystyng jetekshi múnaygaz óndirushi kәsiporynyna problemany týsingeni jәne yntymaqtastyqqa әzirligi ýshin alghys sezimin bildiredi.

Tehnologiyalyq keshen paydalanugha qúrylymdalyp, tolyghynan dayyn túr. Búl әleumettik mәni zor jobany jýzege asyru «Aqtóbe NGS»  JShS basshylyghynyng aitularynsha, Aqtóbe oblystyq, Múghaljar audandyq jergilikti atqarushy biyliktin, oblystyng tabighy resurstar jәne tabighat paydalanudy retteu basqarmasynyn, sonday-aq Tobyl-Torghay ekologiya departamenti basshylarynyng problemany dúrys týsinui jәne qoldauy nәtiyjesinde bolghan. Keshendi paydalanugha beru janadan 50 júmys ornyn ashugha, audandyq budjetke tólemder týsiruge mýmkindik beredi, búlardyng qay-qaysysy da býgingi uaqyt jaghdayynda meylinshe ózekti ekendigi belgili.

Múnay óndiruding zamanauy tehnologiyasyn paydalanu, múnay ken oryndaryn iske qosu nәtiyjesinde óndiris qaldyqtarynyng mol kólemi qúralymdalatyny kim-kim ýshin de qúpiya emes. Olardyng basym bóligi búrghylau kompaniyalarynyng skvajinalary qúrylysynda jәne múnay óndiru, tasymaldau jәne múnay óndeu kәsiporyndary skvajinalardy paydalanghanda jinaqtalady. Búl rette «tarihi» múnay qaldyqtarynyng eleuli kólemin saqtaumen jәne múnay qúymen baylanysty tuyndaytyn ekologiyalyq problemalardyng kókeykestiligi olardy der mezgilinde jәne jedel sheshudi talap etedi.

Qazirgi uaqytta әlemde qoldanylatyn múnaymen lastanghan topyraqtardy qayta óndeuding negizgi әdisteri - bioremediasiya, juyp tazartu, termiyalyq desorbasiyalau jәne qataytu. Olardyng әrqaysysynyng qoldanylu ayasy ekonomikalyq faktormen de, sonday-aq bastapqy obektining erekshelikterimen de shekteledi.

Qazaqstannyng múnay óndirushi aimaqtary jaghdayynda  termiyalyq әdistermen múnaymen lastanghan topyraqtar remediasiyasynyng mikrobiologiyalyq әdisteri  neghúrlym basymdyqta bolyp sanalady.

- «Aqtóbe NGS»  JShS qoldanatyn tehnologiyalar ghylymy túrghydan terendetilip qarastyrylghan,- deydi  «Aqtóbe NGS»  JShS ekology - óndiristik-tehnikalyq bólimining bastyghy Nikolay LUSUK, - Búl rette biz Qazaqstan, Resey, Finlyandiya, Germaniya, Ukraina jәne Belarus elderining ghylymy úiymdary jәne instituttarymen tyghyz baylanystamyz. Búl elderdegi júmystyng osynday týrlerimen shúghyldanatyn úiymdarmen de baylanystar ornyghyp, nyghaya týsude.

Eger Aqtóbedegi bizding jobamyz turaly naqty aitatyn bolsaq, ol әzirge birinshi bolyp túr. «Soltýstik Truva» óndirisi qaldyqtaryn qabyldau men óndeu boyynsha tehnologiyalyq keshen Múghaljar audanynda Janajol selosynan 46 shaqyrymda ornalasqan.

Keshen óndiris qaldyqtaryn qabyldau men óndeude negizinen mynalargha esep jasaydy: búrghylau shlamdary; óndelgen búrghylau eritindileri; múnaymen lastanghan topyraq; qatty-túrmystyq qaldyqtar; kәsiporyn qyzmetinen qúrylymdalatyn qaldyqtyng basqa da týrleri (arnauly tehnika men avtokólik sýzgileri men óndelgen maylar, avto dóngelek jabyndylary, skvajinalardy kýrdeli jóndeu men skvajinalardy jer asty jóndeuden song polietiylendi plenka, t.b.).

Óndiristik-tehnikalyq bólimning bastyghy mәlimdegendey, kompaniya úsynyp otyrghan tehnologiyalyq keshendi paydalanu aimaqtyng ekologiyalyq jaghdayyna qolayly әser etedi, óitkeni, óndiris qaldyqtaryn óndeu óndelgen ónimderdi ónerkәsiptik alandar, avtojol qúrylysynda, lastanghan jerlerdi óndeu men qúrylys materialdary óndirisinde qaytalama paydalanugha mýmkindik beredi.

Kәsiporyn mamandary býkil әlemde ekonomikalyq túrghydan da, ekologiyalyq jaghynan da jaramdy dep tanylghan múnaymen lastanghan topyraqty mikrobiologiyalyq óndeu әdisi múnay kómirsutegin biodegradasiyalaugha negizdelgen dep týsindiredi. Búl prosester (biodegradasiya) kómirtegi qos totyghynyn, sudyng bólinuimen, biomassa men ishinara qyshqyldanghan biologiyalyq iynertti janama ónimderding qúrylymdaluymen tuyndaydy. Múnda organikalyq zattardyng tasymaldanuynyng tabighy prosesteri olardyng gumifikasiyalanu prosesterimen qatar jýredi.

Miyneralizasiyalanu prosesining týpki nәtiyjesi organikalyq zattardyng birte-birte joyyluy jәne biologiyalyq ainalymgha qosylatyn miyneralidyq qosylystardyng qúrylymdaluy bolyp tabylady. Gumifikasiyalanu prosesi ónimning ydyrauy - jana qúrylymdalghan túraqty gumusty qosylysta organikalyq zattardyng konservasiyalanuymen ayaqtalady.

Bioremediasiyalaugha múnay jәne múnay ónimderimen, óndiru kezinde, qabatqa aidauda, tasymaldauda, saqtauda, jinaqtauda apatty qúi nәtiyjesinde qabattaghy sumen lastanghan topyraqtar, sonday-aq «eski» jәne janadan qúrylymdalghan múnay qaldyqtary jәne búrghylau qoqystary, onyng ishinde skvajinany iygeru ónimderimen (múnay ónimderimen) lastanghan topyraqtar jatady.

Topyraqta ózin-ózi tazartu jәne beyimdelu mehanizmderi әreket etetindigi belgili. Topyraq biosferanyng bóligi retinde onda bolatyn organizmdermen birge әmbebap fizikalyq, himiyalyq jәne biologiyalyq adsorbent jәne adamnyng sharuashylyq qyzmeti qaldyqtarynyng barynsha әr týrli organikalyq birlestikterin, onyng ishinde múnay jәne múnay ónimderin beytaraptandyrushy bolyp tabylady.

Alayda topyraqta múnaydyng kóp mólsherde boluy ózin-ózi tazartu mehanizmin tolyghymen joigha qabiletti jәne adamnyng aralasuynsyz tabighatta topyraqty qalpyna keltiru ondaghan jyldargha sozylyp keter edi.

Osynday retterden de 2009 jyldyng tamyz aiynda «Aqtóbe múnaygazserviys»  JShS «Qazaqstan standarttau jәne sertifikattau instituty» respublikalyq memlekettik kәsiporny ontýstik filialymen birlese otyryp, «TOPYRAQ» qayta óndeu ónimine kәsiporyn standartyn jasady.

Mikrobiologiyalyq óndeu alanynda múnaymen lastanghan topyraqty óndegennen keyin alynatyn óndeu ónimderi organikalyq qúrylymdarmen bayytylghan topyraq qayranyn bildiredi.

Topyraq qayrany magistraldy múnay ónimderi aimaghynda búzylghan, biraq lastanbaghan jerlerdi óndeu, ken oryndarynda óndiristik obektilerdi kógaldandyru ýshin paydalanyla alady. Topyraq qayrany sonday-aq joldar jabyndysyna, tazalau poligondaryn jaraqtandyru jәne qatty múnay qaldyqtaryn jetkize tazartu, ony bastapqy ornalasqan jerine qaytaru ýshin paydalanyluy mýmkin.

Qaldyqtardy tómengi temperaturadaghy termiyalyq desorbsiya әdisimen óndeu lastanghan topyraqtardy óndeu boyynsha qondyrghy kómegimen jýrgiziledi.

Tandau lastanghan materialdyng fizikalyq-himiyalyq erekshelikteri men lastaushy zattardyng himiyalyq erekshelikterine baylanysty bolady. Negizinen búrghylau qoqystary, múnaymen lastanghan topyraqtardan túratyn qatty múnay qaldyqtary lastanu men topyraq bólikteri arasynda tuyndaytyn baylanystardyng joghary beriktigimen sharttastyrylatyn, әdette balshyqtar men sazdaqtardan túrady.

Balshyqtar men sazdaqtardy múnay qaldyqtarymen bayytu olardyng dombyghuyn eleuli týrde tómendetedi, bitum syiymdylyghyn azaytudap bitumnyng adgezivtigin jәne dymdanushylyghyn jaqsartady. Búl rette bitumly topyraqtyng tehnologiyalyq jәne paydalanu erekshelikteri jaqsara týsedi.

Su tepkish múnay kómirsutegimen qorektengen sazdy topyraqtar jol qúrylysy ýshin jaramdy qúrylys materialdaryn alu ýshin jaqsy negiz bola alady.

Termiyalyq desorbsiya qondyrghysy peshinde ainalymdy óndeuden ótikizilgennen keyin alynghan ónim su tepkish týiirshektelgen material bolyp shyghady. Ol 2009 jyldyng mamyr aiynda «Aqtóbe NGS»  JShS «Qazaqstan standarttau jәne sertifikattau instituty» respublikalyq memlekettik kәsiporny ontýstik filialymen birlese otyryp, «BEYTARAP TOPYRAQ» qayta óndeu ónimine kәsiporyn standarty jasaghan talaptargha jauap beredi jәne jol qúrylysynda negiz qalau jәne jer qabaty tósemi retinde paydalanyla alady.

Búrghylau qoqystaryn, múnaymen lastanghan topyraqty jәne olardyng qosyndylaryn termiyalyq desorbsiya әdisimen óndeytin qondyrghy ekologiyalyq jaghynan jaramdy jәne qorshaghan ortany qaytalap lastau mýmkindigin boldyrmaydy.

Tehnologiyalyq keshen qúramynda qatty múnay qaldyqtaryn paydalanu (jaghu) boyynsha qondyrghylar bar, olar qatty túrmystyq jәne ónerkәsiptik, onyng ishinde múnay qúraytyn qaldyqtardy jylugha paydalanu (jaghu) ýshin belgilengen.

Qondyrghyda qaldyqtardyng mynaday týrleri paydalanyla alady - óndelgen sýzgiler; maylandyrylghan zattar men janqalar; óndelgen sorbentter; qaghaz ónimderi; múnay qúraytyn qaldyqtar men basqa da janarmay materialdary.

Qaldyqtardy paydalanu boyynsha qondyrghy josparly merzimdi paydalanuda da, sonday-aq әr týrli apatty jaghdaylar saldarlaryn joy prosesinde de tabysty qoldanyla alady. Janudyng joghary temperaturasy esebinen órteu kamerasynda qarapayym komponentterge deyin kýrdeli organikalyq qosylystardy tolyq ydyratu jýredi. Múnda qondyrghyda is jýzinde qaldyqtardyng tolyq januy bolatyn shyghyp jatqan gazdaghy lastaushy zattar qúramy tómengi dengeyge deyin jetkiziledi. Kýl týrindegi qaldyq qoqystardyng qúramyna qatysty qoqystardyng shyghu massasynan 3-5 payyz qúraydy.

- Bizding JShS sheshui tiyis problemalardan tys túrghan oqyrmangha material auyr jәne kisi týsinbeytin boluy mýmkin,- deydi Nikolay Lusuk,- Biraq taqyryp óte eleuli jәne jauaptylyqpen qaraudy talap etedi.

«SNPS-Aqtóbemúnaygaz» AQ sekildi perspektivagha júmys isteytin múnaygaz kompaniyalary bizdi týsinedi jәne bizding kompaniya újymynyng kýsh-jigerin baghalaydy dep ýmittenemiz.

Biz ózimizdi qorshaghan ortanyng taza bolyp, jaqsara týsui ýshin qoldan kelgenning bәrin jasaymyz dep ózimizding әriptesterimizdi jәne múnayly ónirding túrghyndaryn sendire alamyz.

Bizderge әleumettik jauapty qyzmetkerler retinde júmysymyzdaghy basty baghyt Qazaqstannyng әlemdegi neghúrlym bәsekege qabiletti elu elding qataryna enu boyynsha strategiyasy jәne 2004-2015 jyldargha arnalghan Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng ekologiyalyq qauipsizdigi konsepsiyasynda Memleket basshysy algha qoyghan mindetter bolyp tabylady.

Búl eki ómirlik manyzdy jәne negiz qalaytyn qújattar halyqaralyq standarttargha sәikes ekologiyalyq qauipsizdik pen qorshaghan ortany qorghau qamtamasyz etu manyzdylyghyn aiqyn bildiredi.

Respublikadaghy qolaysyz ekologiyalyq jaghdaydy eskere otyryp, ekologiyalyq menedjment jýiesin engizu ózekti ghana emes, sonday-aq meylinshe qajet te. Óitkeni, búl sharalar Aqtóbe jәne Manghystau oblysynda ghana emes, sonday-aq býkil Qazaqstan Respublikasynda da ekologiyalyq mindetterdi sheshude ekologiyalyq menedjment jýiesin damytu men qoldanugha baghyttalghan. Elbasymyz aitqanday, bizding basty mindetimiz: «Tabighatty saqtap, óz elimiz ben kýlli adamzattynórkendeuin qamatamasyz etu».

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«Aqtóbe» gazeti, 5 Qarasha 2009 jyl