Euraziyalyq ekonomikalyq odaq óz qyzmetine kiristi. Búl – býgingi kýn men bolashaqtyng kýrdeli synaqtarymen ólshenetin megajoba.

Elbasymyz Núrsúltan Nazarbaev 1994 jyldyng nauryzynda M.V.Lomonosov atyndaghy Mәskeu memlekettik uniyversiytetining akademiyalyq auditoriyasynda oqyghan dәrisinde TMD kenistigi boyynsha sapalyq jana integrasiyalyq birlestik – Euraziyalyq ekonomikalyq odaq qúrudy túnghysh ret úsynghan bolatyn.

Al endi osy jerde birden naqtylay ketetin bir mәsele – EAEO saya­sy úiym emes. Múnda tek ekonomikalyq әriptestik jasau kózdelgen. Óitkeni, Elbasynyng «Qazaqstannyng tәuelsizdigine núqsan keltiretin kez kelgen odaqtan bas tartamyz», degeni barshamyzgha mәlim. Sondyqtan da, keybir otandastarymyzdyng alandauyna eshqanday da negiz joq. Demek, EAEO Qazaqstan tәuelsizdigine núqsan keltirmeydi, kerisinshe, elimizding ekonomikasyna ýlken mýmkindikter tughyzady. Al endi osy EAEO-nyng qyr-syryna kenirek toqtalyp, terenirek bayandap kórelik.

Odaq tórt qaghidatqa negizdeledi

Birinshiden, integrasiyany ekono­miy­kalyq pragmatizm negizinde qúru úsynyldy.

Ekinshiden, әrbir memleket óz shekaralarynda túiyqtalyp qaludyng maghynasy joq ekendigin týsinuge derbes kelui tiyis. Halyq pen elding mýddelerin basshylyqqa alghan erikti integrasiya – órkendeuding eng qysqa joly.

Ýshinshiden, Euraziyalyq ekono­mika­lyq odaq – memleketterding tendik, bir-birining ishki isine aralaspau, egemendik pen memlekettik shekaralargha qol súghyl­mauyn qúrmetteu qaghidattary negizindegi birlestik retinde kórinis beredi.

Tórtinshiden, Euraziyalyq ekono­mikalyq odaq әrbir mýshe elding mýd­de­lerin eskeretin, naqty da shynayy ókilettikterge iye, konsensus negizinde is-qimyldar jasaytyn últýstilik organ qúryp otyr.

Býgingi tanda ýsh memleketting (Arme­niyany qospaghanda) jiyntyq ishki jalpy ónimi shamamen 2 trln. dollardy qúrasa, óndiristik әleueti 600 mlrd. dollargha, auylsharuashylyq ónimderin óndiru kólemi shamamen 112 mlrd. dollargha, al jalpy tútynu naryghy 165 mln. adamgha baghalanady.

Halyqaralyq tәjiriybege sýiensek…

Eger biz qúryp otyrghan EAEO mәse­lesine әlemdik dengeydegi kózqaraspen qarasaq, bizding janalyq ashyp jatqan týgimiz joq. Óitkeni, әlemdik naryqtaghy múnday ekonomikalyq odaqtasular osy kezge deyin de qúrylghan. Qazir de qalyp­ty júmys istep keledi. Osyghan qatysty birneshe naqty mysaldar keltireyik.

1. Europalyq odaq (EO)

– 1951-1957 jyldary kómir jәne bolat óndirisining Europa qauymdastyghy;

– 1957-1967 jyldar aralyghynda Europa ekonomikalyq qauymdastyghy;

– 1967-1992 jyldarda Europa qauymdastyghy bolyp, tek, 1993 jyldyng qarasha aiynan beri qaray Euroodaq retinde óz qyzmetin jalghastyryp keledi.

27 memleketting basyn biriktiretin atalmysh odaqtyng aumaghy 4,3 mln. sharshy shaqyrym, al tútynushy halqynyng sany 506,8 mln. adamdy qúraydy. Euroodaq múnshama memleketting osynshama halqyna ne berdi?

Jalpygha ortaq naryq qúryldy, birynghay europalyq ortaq valuta engizildi, ekonomikalyq ortaq sayasat pen syrtqy jalpy sayasat jәne bir-birining qauipsizdigine qatysty ortaq saya­sy ústanym qalyptastyrdy. Sonymen qatar, EO elderining ortaq budjeti jәne eng manyzdysy, azamattardyng teng qúqyly boluy.

1. Soltýstikamerikalyq erkin sauda qauymdastyghy (NAFTA)

AQSh pen Kanada jәne Meksika memleketterining ózara kelisimderining nәtiyjesinde 1994 jyldan beri qyzmet etude. 21,8 mln. sharshy shaqyrym aumaqta ornalasqan 463,1 mln. adam sanyn qúraytyn alyp naryqtyng jalpy sauda ainalymy 1993 jyly 289 mlrd. dollardy qúrasa, 2008 jyly 946 mlrd. dollar, al 2012 jyly 1,1 trln. dollardan asyp týsti. Memleketterding ishki jalpy ónimi 1993 jylda 7,6 trln. dollar, 2008 jyly 17 trln. dollar, al 2012 jylda 18,6 trln. dollardy qúraghan. Búl әlemdegi eng ýlken әri erkin sauda men qarjy ainalymdary orasan zor alpauyt naryqtyq alang bolyp tabylady. Múnda da sol Euroodaqtaghy sekildi adam qúqyqtarynyng teng saqtaluymen qatar, ekonomikalyq ósu, halyqtyng ómir sýru dengeyining jogharylauy aiqyn kórinis beredi.

1. Aziya-Tynyq múhity aimaghy ekonomikalyq yntymaqtastyghy aimaghy (APEC)

1989 jyly qúrylghan búl úiymgha Avstraliya, Malayziya, AQSh, Bruney, Tayland, Chili, Ontýstik Koreya, Peru, Singapur sekildi 21 memleket mýshelik etedi. Al naryqtaghy tútynushy halqynyng sany – 3 mlrd. adam. Búl әlem halqynyng 40 payyzyn qúraydy. Atalghan úiym әlemdik sauda ainalymynyng 44 payyzyna, dýniyejýzilik IJÓ-ning 55 payyzyna iyelik etedi.

1. Shyghys Afrika qauymdastyghy (EAC)

1967 jyly qúrylyp, on jylday uaqyt júmys istegenimen, 1977 jyldan 2000 jyldargha deyin óz qyzmetinde ýzilis bolghan. Ghasyr auysqan kezennen bastap Burundi, Keniya, Ruanda, Tanzaniya jәne Uganda sekildi memleketterdi qúramyna alyp, belsendi әreket ete bas­tady. Al 2008 jyldan beri qaray ShAQ (EAS) Shyghys jәne Ontýstik Afrika ekonomikalyq qauymdastyqtary (COMESA) óz aralarynda erkin sauda jasau turaly mәmile jasap, aumaghyn keneytti. Atalghan aimaqtar arasyndaghy ishki sauda kólemi 1980-jyldary 337 mln. dollardy qúrasa, 2000-jyldary 689 mln., al 2010-jyldary 1997 mln. AQSh dollaryn qúraghan. Keden odaghy men erkin sauda aimaghy arqyly ekonomikalyq әleuetin kótere bastaghan elder arasynda býginde birynghay shekaralyq tólem jýiesi engizilgen. Sonday-aq, aimaq ayasyndaghy el azamattary óz aralarynda birynghay vizamen jýrip-túru mýmkindigine de iye.

Odaq ayasyndaghy sauda ainalymy

Mine, búlar – jer-jahandaghy ózara yntymaq ornatqan, seriktestigin senimge jalghaghan memleketterding odaqtasuynyng bir parasy. Al endi geografiyalyq túrghydan jaqyn ornalasqan Qazaqstan men Resey jәne Belorussiyanyng ózara odaqtasuynyng negizgi basymdyqtary qaysy bolmaq eken? Soghan nazar audarayyq:

Eng aldymen, últtyq-memlekettik qúqyqtardyng beky týsui, júmys kýshi men sauda, kapitaldyng jәne qyzmetterding erkin qozghalysy, ishki naryqtardyng keneni, sauda ainalymynyng ósui, jana tehnologiyalar men jabdyqtardyng keng taraluy, ekonomikalyq aktiv belsendiligi, aimaqtyq qauipsizdik pen investisiya aghynynyng artuy sekildi salalyq ilgerileuding barlyghyna da osy EAEO ayasynda jol ashylmaq. Búl sózimizdi sandy dәiektermen naqtylay týsu ýshin 2010 jyly qúrylghan Keden odaghy men Qazaqstannyng ózara sauda ainalymynyng kórsetkishterine nazar audarayyq.

Endi elimizden syrtqa eksporttalyp jatqan otandyq tauarlarymyz jayynda birer sóz. «Hundai» markaly az tonnaly jýk kólikteri óndirisi boyynsha 2011 jyly Belarusike – 4, al 2013 jyly 470-ke juyghy jetkizilgen. Múnday kólikting Qazaqstan byltyr 510 birligin saudalaudy josparlaghan bolatyn. Sol sekildi, Óskemennen shyghatyn bekitkish armaturanyng satyluy 1,4 esege (43,1 mln. AQSh dolllary) artqan. Býginde onyng 72 payyzy Reseyge jóneltilude. Osy aimaqtaghy «Óskemen kondensator zauyty» JShS qúny 8,5 mln. dollardy qúraytyn óz tauarlarynyng 73 payyzyn KO elderine eksporttaghan. Býginde óz elimizde óndirilgen shólmek tyghynynyng 60 payyzyn Kentau transformator zauyty 20 mln. dollargha, al «Qaynar-ABK» JShS 30 mln. dollargha akkumulyator batareyalaryn syrtqy naryqqa shygharghan.

Integrasiyanyng investisiyalyq әleueti

EAEO-gha mýshe memlekettermen ózara ekonomikalyq odaqtasu arqyly Qazaqstannyng ishki alanynda óndiristik kәsiporyndardyng sany artuda. Atap aitsaq, otandyq «QazAgroQarjy» AQ jәne reseylik «Rostselimash» kompaniya­lary Kókshetauda «Vektor» kombayn qúrastyru zauyty» JShS bazasynda «Vector 410 KZ» markaly kombayndar qúrastyruda. Onyng jobalyq quaty jylyna 300 kombayn qúrap shyghugha jetkilikti. Germaniyalyq «Funke» kompaniyasy da jylyna 1 mln. sharshy metr tereze profiliderin shygharatyn kәsiporyngha 24 mln. euro investisiya qúidy.

«Qazaqstan temir joly» ÚK» AQ teplovozdar men elektrovozdar qúrastyru óndirisin úiymdastyru baghyty boyynsha fransuzdyq «Alstom» jәne reseylik «Transmashholding» kompaniyalarymen birlesip, qúny 50 mln. eurogha baghalanghan eki seksiyaly elektrovozdar shygharatyn zauytty sәtti iske qosty. Sonymen qatar, Jambyl oblysynda «Keshendi miyneraldy tynaytqyshtar shygharatyn zauyt qúrylysy jәne fosforly basseyn ken oryndaryn әzirleu» birlesken investisiyalyq jobasy jýzege asyryluda. Quaty 1 mln. tonnagha juyq fosforly, azotty jәne keshendi miyneraldy tynaytqyshtar shygharatyn kәsiporyngha 356,5 mlrd. tenge investisiya tartu kózdelgen. Búlar elge tikeley investisiya әkelu arqyly óz kýsh-jigerimizben qolgha alyp jatqan jobalarymyz.

Al endi EAEO ayasyndaghy eldermen ózara birlese iske asyryp jatqan jarqyn jobalarymyz jayynda aitsaq, «KamAZ» markaly avtotehnika óndirisi (qúny 330 mln. tenge), ShQO avtomobilider óndiretin tolyq sikldi zauyt qúrylysy (jylyna 120 myng avto), Qaraghandydaghy farmasevtikalyq preparattar óndiru jobasy, Qostanaydaghy «AgromashHolding» pen «Gomselimash» kәsiporyndarynyng kombayn shygharu kәsiporny jәne «QazBelAZ» BK» JShS bazasynda «BelAZ» karierlik jәne shahtalyq tehnikasyn shygharu kәsipornynyng ónimderi Odaq ayasyndaghy elderding ortaq iygiligine ainalmaq. Búlar Qazaqstanda shygharylyp, ekonomikalyq qauymdastyqqa mýshe memleketter arasynda qyzmet kórsetetini belgili.

Al endi ózgede joq, ózimizde ghana bar, al әlem boyynsha bәsekelesi sanauly ghana biregey óndiris oshaqtary Qazaqstanda kem emes. Sonyng biri – moyyntirekter men tegershikter, tisti donghalaqtar elementterin shygharatyn «Stepnogor moyyntirek zauyty» AQ. Relistik kólikke arnalghan rolikti silindrlik moyyntirekter óndirisimen ainalysatyn búl kәsiporyn ónimining 100 payyzyn Reseyge jóneltedi. «QazArmaÓnerkәsibi» JShS men «Óskemen armatura zauyty» AQ shýmekteri men ventilideri, Almaty oblysyndaghy «Qaynar-AKB» JShS men «Zhersu power» JShS batareyalary men akkumulyatorlary otandyq ozyq ónimder sanatynda ghana emes. Búlardyng ónimderi әlemdik naryqta joghary súranysqa ie bolyp keledi.

Týiin. Sóz basynda aityp ótkeni­mizdey, Elbasymyz osydan 20 jyldan astam uaqyt búrynghy alghashqy leksiya­synda Euraziyalyq odaq qúru iydeyasy turaly aitqan bolsa, ótken jyldyng sәuirindegi dәrisinde ekonomikalyq odaqty qúru turaly shartqa qol qoi men onyng qanday boluy tiyis ekendigine kenirek toqtaldy. Sonymen qatar, Memleket basshysy әlem әli de tolyqtay aiygha qoymaghan jahandyq qarjylyq-ekonomikalyq daghdarys pen planetanyng týrli arsenaldarynyng ónirlenu ýderisin jedeldetkendigin de atap ótti. Óitkeni, qazir jalpygha ortaq jahandanu jagh­dayynda, múnday odaqtasular memle­ket­terding ekonomikalyq jәne órkeniyetti damuynda olardyng jahandyq bәsekege qabilettiligin arttyrudaghy týbegeyli mәseleleri bolyp tabylady. Endeshe, XXI ghasyr ónirlik integrasiya týrli ja­handyq tәuekelderge qarsy túruda manyz­dy kezeng bolatyny belgili.

Baqtybay QASYMBEKOV,

tehnika ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor.

(Derekkóz: http://egemen.kz/2015/01/07/46628)

Abay.kz