«Jyn» sózi negizinen «insan» (adam) sózine antonim retinde qoldanylyp, sezim mýshelerimizben bayqaugha kelmeytin ruhany әlem iyelerine berilgen esim. Sondyqtan da búl úghym perishte, shaytan men jyndardyng jalpy atauy retinde qoldanylady. Biraq, әrbir perishte kózge kórinbeytin jalpy (jinni) jyn atauynyng maghynalyq úghymyna kirgenimen әrbir jyn perishte emes. Atalmysh ýsh әlemning (perishte, jyn, shaytan) әrqaysysynyng ózindik erekshelikteri bar. Mysaly, әrdayym Allah Taghalanyng әmirimen qayyrly, ong isterding basynda perish-teler túratyn bolsa, shaytan – pendeni tek aldap‑arbaumen, jamandyqqa iytermeleumen ainalysady. Al, jyndarda osy eki ruhany әlemning de qasiyetteri bar. Olardyng músylmandary da, kәpirleri de bolady. Asylynda, bizding úghymymyzdaghy dii, peri degen ataular parsy tilindegi «jyn» sózining balamasy. Sondyqtan jyn, dii, peri degen sózder kóbine bir maghynada qoldanyla beretindegin aita ketken oryndy.
Jyndar bizding sezim mýshelerimizge beymәlim bolghandyqtan, olardyng bolmysyn – qisyndyq yaky ghylymy túrghydan tәptishtep týsindiruge kelmeydi. Desek te, negizgi salmaqty dәlelder men naqty mәlimetterdi Qúran ayattary men sahih hadisterden alamyz. Al, ayat pen hadis olardyng naqty bar ekendigin rastaydy. Qala berdi Qúran Kәrimde óz aldyna «Jyn» sýresining bar ekendigi barshamyzgha mәlim.
Birinshi bólimde aityp ótkenimizdey adam Allah Taghalagha qúlshylyq etu ýshin jaratylghany siyaqty, perishteler de Allahqa qyzmet etu әri Jaratushyny madaqtap, dәripteu ýshin jaratylghan. Al endi jyndardyng jaratylystaghy maqsaty qanday bolmaq? Búghan jauapty «Zәriyat» sýresining 56-ayatynan tabamyz: «Men jyndar men adamdardy tek qana maghan qúlshylyq etu ýshin ghana jarattym». Olay bolsa jyndar da adamdar sekildi jәnnәt pen jәhәnnamgha baratyndyghy anyq. Búghan dәlel retinde myna ayatty keltiruge bolady: «Senderden búrynghy ótken tozaqtaghy jyn jәne adamdar tobynyng ishine kirinder deydi» (7.Aghraf-38).
«Ras tozaq ýshin de kóptegen jyn men adamdar jarattyq. Olardyng jýrekteri bar, alayda olar onymen týsinbeydi. Kózderi bar onymen kórmeydi. Olardyng qúlaqtary bar, onymen estimeydi. Olar hayuan siyaqty tipti odan ótken adasushy. Mine solar naghyz qúr qalghandar»(7.Aghraf-179).
Adam men jyndardyng jaratylu maqsatyna say Allah Taghala olargha qúlshylyq zandylyqtaryn jetkizetin payghambar jiberedi. Adamzatqa 124 myng payghambar kelgendigi bәrimizge ayan. Al «jyndargha payghambar kelgen be» deytin bolsaq, olargha da payghambar jiberilgenine kóz jetkizemiz. Múnyng aighaghy tómendegi ayat:
«Áy, jyn men adamdar toby! Senderge ishterinnen ayattarymyzdy bayan etip, búl kýnge kezdesulerindi eskertetin elshiler kelmedi me? - delinedi. Olar: Rabbymyz! Ózimizge kuәmiz, deydi. Olardy dýnie tirshiligi aldaghan. Olar ózderining anyq qarsy bolghandyqtaryna aighaq bolady» (6.Ángham-130).
Mәsele osylay bola túra, birqatar ghalymdar jyndar әlemine payghambar kelmegen degen tújyrymdy ústanady. Búl mәselege arnayy jauap beruge tura keledi. Birinshiden, jyndar arasynan payghambar kelmegen bolsa, olar Jaratushygha qalay qúlshylyq etpek? Ekinshiden, Allah Taghala jyndardy da tek Ózine ghana qúlshylyq etu ýshin jaratpap pa edi? Ýshinshiden, «Isra» sýresining 15-ayatynda: «Payghambar jibermesten biz eshkimdi jazalamaymyz» delingen. Sonda jyndargha tura joldy kórsetushi óz aralarynan elshi kelmese, Payghambarymyzgha deyin kelip ketken jyndar aqyrette jazagha úshyramaydy degen úghym shyghady. Búlay deyin desek, «Ras tozaq ýshin kóptegen jyndar men adamdar jarattyq»(7.Aghraf-179) ayaty jyndardyng da tozaqqa baratyndyghynan habar berip túr. Osy ayattardy negiz etip ala otyryp, jyndardyng da arasynan elshi kelgendigi jóninde aita alamyz.
Al endi jyndardyng ózindik bolmysy men keybir tabighy erekshelikterine toqtalyp ótsek:
1) «Men jyndar men adamdardy ózime qúlshylyq etu ýshin ghana jarattym» (51.Zariyat-56). «Ras tozaq ýshin kóptegen jyndar men adamdar jarattyq» (7.Aghraf-179). Osy eki ayattyng maghynasynan (eng bastysy bastauysh sózderding ornalasu rettiliginen) jyndardyng adam jaratylmastan búryn jaratylghandyghy túrghysynda tújyrym shygharugha bolady. Eger mәsele kerisinshe bolghanda, jogharydaghy eki ayatta da «jyndar men adamdar» tirkesining rettiligi «adamdar men jyndar» bolyp ornalasqan bolar edi. Demek, búdan shyghatyn qorytyndy – jyndar adam balasynan búryn jaratylghan. Tipti, jyndar Adam ata jaratylmastan eki myng jyl búryn jaratylghan degen naqtyly pikirler de joq emes.
2) Adam topyraqtan, perishte núrdan jaratylsa, jyndar ottan jaratylghan: «Jyndardy ottyng jalynynan jaratty» (55.Rahman-15). «Rasynda adamdy beynelegen qara balshyqtyng synghyrlap qúrghaghanynan jarattyq. Jyndardy da (adamnan búryn) týtinsiz ottan jaratqan edik» (15.Hijr, 26-27). Al endi búl jerden: «Jyndar ottan jaratylghan bolsa, tozaq oty olardy qalay jaghady?» degen qisyndy saual tuyndaydy. Asylynda, Allah Taghala olardy әu basta ottan jaratqanymen, olar ot halindegi maqlúqtar emes. Mysaly, adam balasy topyraqtan jaratylghanymen tәni topyraq emes qoy. Sol sekildi jyndardyng da tozaqtyng otyna januynyng óz erek-shelikteri bar. Allah Taghala barlyq nәrsening jýiesin әu bastan rettep, taghdyrgha jazyp qoyghandyqtan búl mәselede eshqanday ekiúshty yaky týsiniksiz jaytqa oryn joq.
3) Jyndar da adamdar sekildi iship-jeydi, ýilenedi, kóbeyedi, er-әiel bolyp bólinedi jәne óledi. Olardyng ómir sýru úzaqtyghy óz uaqyttary boyynsha, 60-70 jylday bolady. Biraq, olardyng jyldyq ólshemderin bizding uaqyt ólshemimizge shaqqanda shamamen myng jylgha jaqyn, yaghny bir jynnyng ómir sýru merzimi osynsha uaqytqa teng dep týsinemiz.
4) Jyndar da adamdar sekildi músylman, kәpir, jaqsy, jaman bolyp bólinedi. Ayatta búl jayynda bylay deydi: «Rasynda jaqsylarymyz da, odan tómenderimiz de bar, týrli joldarda edik. Shynynda jer jýzinde Allahty esh jene almaytyndyghymyzdy, qashyp qútyla almaytyndyghymyzdy anghardyq.... Bizding aramyzda músylmandar da, turalyqtan adasqandar da bar. Sonda kim músylman bolsa, al mine solar turalyqty izdeydi» (72.Jyn, 11, 12, 14).
Jyndardyng muminderi adamdardyng muminderimen birge jәnnәtqa, kәpirleri kәpirlermen birge tozaqqa kiredi.
5) Jyndar da adamdar sekildi estu, oilau jәne sóileu qabiletine iye: «Múhammed olargha: «Jyndardan bir tobynyng Qúran tyndaghany maghan uahy etildi, - dep ait. Sonda jyndar: «Shynynda bir ghajayyp Qúran tyndadyq, - dedi. Qúran bizdi tura jolgha salady. Endi soghan iman keltirdik. Rabbymyzgha eshkimdi ortaq qospaymyz»(72.Jyn, 1-2). Sonymen qatar Sýleymenning (a.s.) Yemendegi Bәlqis hanshanyng taghyn jyndargha әkeldirmek bolyp, olarmen sóileskendigin de jyndardyng sóiley alatyndyghyna qatysty mysal retinde aitugha bolady (qaranyz: 27.Nәml – 39).
6) Jyndardyng týrli beyneler men pishinderde kórine alatyn qasiyeti bar. Sonymen qosa olar asa auyr isterdi de isteuge qabiletti. Allah Taghala jyndardy Sýleymen payghambardyng qúzyryna bergende, Sýleymen payghambar olardy týrli auyr júmystargha jekken bolatyn. Qúran Kәrimde búl mәsele jóninde: «Olar Sýleymenning qalauynsha qúrylystar, mýsinder, kóldey ydystar jәne ornatylghan qazandar jasaytyn edi» (34.Sәbә-13) degen joldar bar.
Birde, Sýleymen (a.s.) payghambar Yemendegi Sәbә patshasynyng hanshasy Bәlqistyng taghyn Yerusalimge әkeluge niyettenedi. Sebebi, Bәlqis hansha Sýleymen payghambardyng haq payghambar ekendigin moyyndap, onyng eline kelmek bolady. Mine, osyghan oray Sýleymenge (a.s.) hanshany tandandyru qajettiligi tuyp, jyndargha: «Taqty kim әkeledi?», - dep súraghanda, jyndardyng biri Ifriyt: «Ony ornynnan túrmastan búryn keltiremin», - dedi. Kitap ghylymyna ie kelesi biri: «Ony kirpik qaqqansha әkelemin», - dedi. Sýleymen sol sәtte janyna әkelip qoyylghan hanshanyng taghyn kórip: «Búl Rabbymnyng kenshiligi», - dedi» (27.Nәml – 40). IYә, Yemen men Qúdystyng arasy eki ne ýsh myng shaqyrymday qashyqtyq ekenin eskersek, jyndardyng qanshalyqty dәrejede kýsh iyesi әri jyldam ekendigin payymdau asa qiyn bolmas.
7) Jyndardyng ghayyppen baylanysty ilimi joq. Olar tek Allahtyng ózderine bergen rúqsat mólsherinde ghana adamdargha beymәlim keybir mәselelerdi bilip, kóre alady. Perishtege iman mәselesinde olardyng ghayypty bile almaytyndyghyn aitqan bolatynbyz. Sol sekildi jyndar da ghayypty bile almaydy. Pikirimizdi bekite týsu ýshin aita keteyik, eger jyndar ghayypty, kózge kórinbeytin nәrselerdi biletin bolsa, Sýleymenning (a.s.) asa tayaghyna sýienip túryp qaytys bolghanyn biler edi. Al olar bolsa, kerisinshe, asa tayaqty qúrt jep, әbden shirip, synyp, Sýleymen payghambar qúlaghansha jyndar onyng ólgenin beyhabar bolyp, Qúdys meshitting qúrylysyn toqtatpady. Búl oqighany ayat bylay bayan etedi: «Biz onyng (Sýleymenning (a.s.)) ólimine ýkim bergen zamanda jyndargha onyng ólimin, onyng tayaghyn jegen bir jerding qúrty ghana kórsetti. Sonda ol jyghylghan sәtte jyndargha ayan boldy. Eger jyndar kómesti bilgen bolsa edi, auyr mashaqatta qalmas edi» (34.Sәbә-14).
8) Kәpir jyndar ózderine dos retinde keybir adamdardy әdeyilep tandap alady. Sóitip olardy aldap‑arbau arqyly, týrli ailakerlik әdistermen óz yrqyna kóndiredi. Kóbine biz múnday jandardy balger, baqsy, tәuip dep te aityp jýrmiz. Negizinen jyndar ghayyppen baylanysty maghlúmattardan beyhabar ekeni anyq, olar tek adamdargha belgisiz keybir mәlimetterdi ghana jetkize alady. Kóbine olar kóktegi perishtelerding әngimesine tynshylyq jasaydy. Osy tynshylyqtan alghan mәlimetterin jerdegi dostaryna ótirik qosyp jetkizedi. Al jyndardyng kóktegi perishtelerding әngimesine tynshylyq jasauy jayynda Qúranda: «Áriyne, kókke qarmanghanymyzda ony qatal kýzetshi jәne atylghan jalyndargha toltyrylghan týrde taptyq. Álbette, tyndau ýshin aspannyng key oryndarynda otyratyn edik. Endi bireu tyndamaqshy bolsa, ony kózdegen júldyzdy kóredi»(72.Jyn 8-9) degen joldar bar.
Jyndardyng kóripkel, balshylargha jetkizgen keybir habarlary key jaghdaylarda dúrys shyghuy da mýmkin. Biraq, mәsele solay boldy eken dep, olargha pal ashtyryp, keleshekti biluge әrekettenu islam dini boyynsha ýlken kýnә bolyp esepteledi. Jalpy palshylyq pen kóripkeldikke degen senim – Hazireti Múhammedting (s.a.u.) әkelgen habarlaryna qarsy shyghumen ten. Qarsy shyghu - kәpir bolu degen sóz. Osy mәselege baylanysty mynaday ghibratty hadis bar: «Hazireti Aysha anamyz (r.a.) bylay deydi: «Keybir adamdar Rasulullahqa kelip, kóripkel palshylardyng ghayypty qalay biletindigin súrady. Rasulullah olargha:
- Negizinen olardyng ghayypqa qatysty aitqan sózderi bos, maghynasyz sózder, - dedi. Sahabalar:
- Ya, Rasulullah! Keyde olardyng ghayyptan aitqan sózderi dúrys bolyp shyghady. Búl qalay? – desti. Rasulullah:
- Búl dúrys sóz. Jyndar perishtelerding bir-birimen әngimeleskenin tynshylyq jasap, estiydi de, ony tauyqtyng shaqyrghany siyaqty palshy dostarynyng qúlaqtaryna dauystap jetkizedi. Biraq, olar sol uahiyden úrlap alghan bir dúrys sózding ishine jýzdegen ótirik sóz qosady, - dedi».
9) Ghalymdardyng kópshiligining aituy boyynsha – Payghambarymyzdyng payghambarlyghy adamdargha da, jyndargha da ortaq. Sol sebepten Payghambarymyzgha «Rasulus-saqalayn» degen at berilgen. Hazireti Payghambarymyz islamdy jyndargha da týsindirgen jәne islamdy qabyl etken jyndarmen qatar, qarsy shyghushy kәpir jyndar da boldy. Búl jayynda ayatta Allah Taghala bylay deydi: «Sol uaqytta saghan jyndardan Qúran tyndaytyn bir topty keltirgen edik. Olar jetip kelgen sәtte «Ýndemender» desti. Sonda oqyluy bitken kezde ózderine eskertushi bolyp qaytty. Olar: «Áy, elimiz! Shyn mәninde biz Músadan keyin týsirilgen aldynghy rastaushy, sonday-aq shyndyqqa jәne tura jolgha salatyn bir kitap tyndadyq, - dedi. Áy, halqymyz! Allahtyng shaqyrushysyn qabyldandar jәne Allahqa iman keltirinder. Kýnәlaryndy jarylqap, kýizeltushi azaptan qorghaydy»(46. Ahqaf, 29-31).
Smayyl Seytbekov
