Songhy uaqytta elimizding damuyna baylanysty qabyldanghan industrialdy-innovasiyalyq baghdarlama boyynsha birneshe qajetti jobalar iske asyryluda. Sonyng ishindegi «Jenil ónerkәsip» salasyna memleket tarapynan aitarlyqtay kónil bólinip keledi. Búl saladaghy atqarylghan júmystargha baylanysty elimizding eng jas ghalymy, jenil ónerkәsip salasynyng mamany, akademik Sýndet Smahanúly Karimovty sózge tartqan edik.

‒ Sýndet Smahanúly alghashqy súraqty jenil ónerkәsip, maqta, toqyma salasynyng damuynan bastasaq. Osy salanyng damytu, ilgeriletu maqsatynda memleket tarapynan qanday sharalar jasaluda?

‒ Tәuelsizdik alghan jyldarda elimizding jenil ónerkәsip salasy onyng ishinde maqta, toqyma óndirisi biraz túralap qalghany ras. Qazaqstan Respublikasynda 1992 jylgha deyin «Jenil ónerkәsip» jaqsy júmys istegen. Búl salanyng býge-shigesimen ókimet ainalysqan. Toqsanynshy jyldardyng basynda naryqtyq ekonomikalyq jaghdaylargha baylanysty jipti óz elimizde iyirip, matany óz elimizde toqyp, terini óz jerimizde iylep, kiyimdi de óz jerimizde tikkennen góri, kórshiles elder men alys-jaqyn shet memleketterden satyp alghan tiyimdi degen týsinik boldy. Osyshaysha týrli syltaular men taghy basqa da jeleuler búl salanyng qyzmetin toqtatyp, qolda bar óndiris oryndaryn, zauyttar men fabrikalardy jeke-menshikke ótkizuge jol berildi. Sol kezde jenil ónerkәsip orny qazirgi Almaty qalasy, Furmanov kóshesi, 50-shi ýide bolatyn.

Kenes uaqytynda búl salada bir Qazaqstannyng ózinde 402 000 adam júmys istegen. Odaqqa belgili Jambyldaghy jenil jәne toqyma ónerkәsibi instituty men onyng filialy retinde ashylghan qazirgi Almaty tehnologiyalyq uniyversiytetinde jas mamandar dayarlanghan. Qazirgi uaqytta jenil ónerkәsip salasynyng mamandaryn birden bir dayyndaytyn oqu orny M.O.Áuezov atyndaghy Ontýstik Qazaqstan memlekettik uniyversiyteti. Al respublika kóleminde býginde barlyq joghary oqu oryndary osy sala boyynsha jylyna ýsh myngha tarta maman dayyndaydy.

Elbasymyz N.Á.Nazarbaev jenil ónerkәsip salasyn janghyrtuda ýlken kóregendik tanytyp keledi. Qazirgi tanda zaman talabyna say el damuyna qajetti innovasiyalyq baghdarlamalar qabyldanyp, iske asyrylyp keledi. Qazaqstan Respublikasyndaghy «Arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaqtar» turaly 1996 jyly 26 qantarda qabyldanghan zangha sәikes shitti-maqtany qayta óndeu, toqyma óndirisi men tigin ónerkәsibin damytu maqsatynda «Ontýstik» arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaghyn qúru jóninde úsynys qabyldanghan. 2006 jyldyng 6 shildesinde «Ontýstik» arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaghy turaly ereje bekitilip, manyzdy qújatqa qol qoyyldy.

Atalghan ekonomikalyq aimaqtyng negizgi maqsaty mynaday:

- toqyma ónerkәsibindegi dayyn búiymdardy óndep damytu;

- QR ekonomikasynyng әlemdik jýiesine kiruin jandandyru;

- elimizge dayyn toqyma ónimderin óndirushilerdi tartu;

- joghary tehnikalyq óndirister qúru jәne óndiriletin toqyma ónimderining sapasyn jaqsartu bolyp tabylady.

Elbasymyz N.Á.Nazarbaevtyng tapsyrmasyna sәikes Ýkimet «Toqyma klasterin» damytu josparyn bekitti. Sonymen qatar «Maqta salasyn damytu» turaly zang әzirlendi. Búl jospardyn, zannyng negizgi mazmúnynda sharualardyng mýddesin qorghau, fermerler men shitti-maqtany qabyldaytyn zauyttardyng arasyndaghy baylanysty aiqyn jәne әdil belgileu, shitti-maqtany teru kezindegi sharualardyng basty mәselesine ainalghan baghany túraqtandyru qamtylghan.

Elimizdegi shitti-maqta sharuashylyghynyng auqymdylyghy, jay-kýii turaly ne aitasyz? Osy sharuashylyqtarmen ainalysatyn óndiris oryndary jetkilikti me?

Álemde shitti-maqtany óndiretin jetpisten astam el bar. Bizding elde shitti-maqta egu, talshyghyn óndeu júmystarymen Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysy ghana ainalysady. Yaghny shitti-maqtagha qatysty barlyq óndiris oryndary sol aimaqta ornalasqan. Jogharyda atap ótkenimizdey el damuyna baylanysty qabyldanghan sheshimderge sәikes shitti-maqta salasy da qarqyndy damuda. 2010 jyldan beri egilgen shitti-maqta talshyghyn óz elimizde óndep kelemiz. Elbasymyz N.Á.Nazarbaevtyng bastamasymen negizi qalanghan fabrikalarda «Melanj», «iteks», «South Textilene, Oxy Textile, Hlopkoprom-selluloza» jylyna 10 myng tonnadan artyq maqta talshyghynan jip iyirip mata toqidy. Shygharghan dayyn búiymdar Fransiya, Italiya, Baltyq jaghalauy memleketterine eksporttalady.

Elimizde egilgen shitti-maqtanyng kólemi óndeushi fabrikalar ýshin jetkilikti. Júmysshylardyng ailyq jalaqysy 90-120 myng tenge kóleminde. 2005  jyldan beri óndiris oryndary men fabrikalardy, sharualardy qorghau maqsatynda memlekettik budjetten on miliard tenge kóleminde subsidiya bólinedi. Maqtaral audanynda songhy tehnologiyamen júmys jasaytyn jylyna 78-80 myng tonna shitti-maqtany óndeytin zauyt salynghan. Jylyna 7-8 myng tonna sapaly úryq dayyndaytyn memlekettik kәsiporyn iske qosylghan.

Elimizdegi shitti-maqta óndirisining qarqyndy damuyna baylanysty 2005 jyly Qazaq maqta sharuashylyghy ghylymiy-zertteu instituty qúryldy. Qaramaghynda qajetti zerthanalar, ghylymy zertteu bólimderi, týrli eksperiymenttik ortalyqtary bar. Ghylymy instituttyng zertteui nәtiyjesinde janadan shygharylghan shitti-maqta sorttary aimaqtaghy egis alqaptarynda egilude.

Elimizdegi shitti-maqta sorttary turaly aittynyz. Jalpy, Ontýstikte qanday sortty talshyq týrleri egiledi, olardyng qanday qasiyetteri bar?

Álem elderinde shitti-maqta sorty óte kóp. Talshyqtyng ýsh týri bar. Olar úzyn talshyqty, orta talshyqty jәne qysqa talshyqty bolyp bólinedi. Osynyng ishinde Ontýstikte orta talshyqty Ózbekstanda búrynnan kele jatqan AnBauyat-8, S-4727 sekildi shitti-maqta sorty toqtausyz otyz jyldan beri egilip keledi. Qazaq maqta sharuashylyghy ghylymiy-zertteu instituty izdenu nәtiyjesinde alynghan jana sorttar PA-3031, PA-3044, M-4005, M-4077, M-4011 qazirgi tanda kóp audandargha jersindirilip egilude. Ónimning kólemi, talshyqtyng sapasy, shyghymdylyghy boyynsha Ózbekstannyng eski sorttaryna qaraghanda artyqshylyqtary jeterlik. Orta talshyqty otandyq ónimning shyghymdylyghy -41,7%, ýzilu úzyndyghy -28,4mm, beriktigi -5,1kg, talshyqtyng úzyndyghy -42,7mm. Gektaryna ónimdiligi 32-35 sentner. Osynday kórsetkishterding arqasynda elimiz shitti-maqtany óndep óndiruden әlem elderining ishinde 13-15 oryndarda keledi. Qazaq maqta sharuashylyghy ghylymiy-zertteu instituty qazirgi tanda kóptegen zertteu jәne shitti-maqtany damytu júmystarmen ainalysuyn jalghastyryp keledi.

Songhy jaldary shitti-maqta baghasyna degen sharualardyng renishi jii bayqalatyny jasyryn emes. Biylghy jiyn-terin kezinde búl mәselening sheshimi qalay bolmaq?

Súraghynyz óte oryndy. Shitti-maqta shash etekten júmys kýshin qajet etetin ónim. Sugharu, gerbisidter men pestisidterdi satyp alu, týrli óndeu júmystary taghy basqalaryn qospaghanda әdepki shyghyn sharuanyng qaltasyna týseri anyq. Búl kóp qarjyny talap etedi. Biylghy jyldyng birinshi terimi sharualar ýshin jaman emes. Qabyldau punktterindegi shitti-maqtanyng tonnasy 100-105 myng tengeden bastaldy. Jyldaghy zertteu júmystary boyynsha terimning sonyna qaray 135-145 myng tenge kóleminde bolady degen boljam bar. Shitti-maqta bir qar jaughansha terile beredi, kýnning kózi ashyq bolsa bolghany, qauashaghy ashyla beredi. Áriyne, sharualargha barynsha baghanyng kóterinki bolghany tiyimdi. Biylghy bagha jyldaghydan salystyra qaraghanda joghary dep aitugha bolady.

Rasynda búl sala ýlken óndiristi qajet etetini belgili. Búl rette shitti-maqta salasynda әli de týiini sheshilmegen qanday mәseleler bar dep bilesiz?

Mәsele degen barlyq salada bar, biraq kózge kórinbeytin dýniye. Eng birinshiden, shitti-maqta óndirisin qarqyndy damytu ýshin memlekettik baghdarlama jasap, sharualargha subsidiyanyng mólsherin kóbeytu qajet. Ekinshiden, memlekettik qabyldau punktterin kóptep ashyp, shiykizattyng tonnasyn sharuanyng mejelegen baghaghasyna deyin jetkizse, onda búl ýlken kómek bolary sózsiz. Sharua men memleket jylda ózgermeli ekonomikagha baylanysty bagha mәlelesinde bir sheshimge kelse deymiz. Óitkeni qabyldau bólimderi sharuanyng shyghynyn eskermey, baghany ózderi belgileydi. Jasyratyny joq, jylda ónim alatyn topyraqtyng sorlanuy men egistik alqaptardy qúnarlandyru boyynsha sharuagha tehnikalyq kómek kóptep qajet. Jana innovasiyalyq tehnologiyalardy paydalanyp, mol ónim jinap jatqan sharualargha bir rettik datasiya beru qarastyrylsa da artyq etpeydi.

Ózimizding elde egilip-jinalatyn shitti-maqtanyng mólsheri jetkilikti. Óz shiykizatymyzdy qazir Qytaygha tasymaldaymyz. Alayda basty mәselening biri – jergilikti túrghyndardy júmyspen qamtu. Búl da ontayly sheshimin tabar edi. Aytalyq, jeke-menshik qabyldau bólimindegi júmys merzimi 3-4 ay bolsa, qalghan merzimde olar júmyssyz. Eger memlekettik óndiristerdi ashatyn bolsaq jyl on eki ay adamdargha da túraqty júmys tabylar edi.

Ara-túra toqyma fabrikalary da toqtap qalady. Sebebi shiykizattyng joqtyghy. Óz jerimizde egilgen shitti-maqtany shet elderge satudy toqtatyp, elimizde ornalasqan kәsiporyndarda óndep, dayyn búiymdy kóptep shygharsaq Qytay men Týrkiyanyn, Europanyng qymbat tauarlarynan birshama tәuelsiz bolugha jol ashylady.

Sóz joq, Ontýstiktegi jogharyda atalghan fabrikalar qolghap, shúlyq, kórpe tys, sýlgi, t.b. týrli ónimderdi óndirude. Biraq oghan elimizdegi súranystyng azdyghynan, sapaly tauar, shet elderge shygharylyp, satyluda. Mine múnday ónimderding óz jerimizde óndiriletinin barsha júrt bile bermeydi. Sondyqtan tapsyrys mólsheri tym az. Osynday ónimderge elimizdegi auruhanalar, internat ýileri, qarttar ýii, joghary oqu oryndarynyng jataqhanalary, demalys oryndary men Qazaqstan temir joly, t.b. iri-iri kompaniyalar men újymdar kóptep tútynsa ónimning qoldanys ayasynyng da kenenine septigin tiygizer edi. Búl óz kezeginde ónimning mólsheri artyp, júmys ornynyng da túraqtylyghyna alyp keletin bolady. Múnday mәselelerdi sheshu ýshin sóz joq, memlekettik baghdarlama men memlekettik baqylau býgingi tanda asa qajet.

Toqyma salasynda biraz qiynshylyqtar barlyghy belgili. Al janadan qúrylyp jatqan óndiris oryndary ayaqtan túryp ketu ýshin býgingi tanda qanday sharalar jasalu qajet?

Býgingi tanda elimizde toqyma salasymen Almaty, Jambyl jәne Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblystaryndaghy toqyma kәsiporyndary ghana ainalysady. Almatydaghy himiyalyq talshyqtan onyng ishindegi jasandy jәne sintetikalyq talshyqtan jasalatyn búiymdar óndirilse, Jambyldaghy kәsiporyndar negizinen jýn talshyghynan jasalghan jipter men odan toqylghan matalardy, dayyn búiymdar shygharylady. Al Ontýstiktegiler shitti-maqta talshyghynan jasalghan kýndelikti túrmysta qoldanylatyn kóptegen búiymdardy jasap shygharuda. Búl kәsiporyndardyng barlyghy da jeke menshikting iyeliginde. Jasaghan dýniyelerin el tútynady. Kәsiporyndaghy mashinalardyng barlyghy derlik sheteldik stanoktar. Óz elimizde mýldem shygharylmaydy. Songhy innovasiyalyq tehnologiyamen jasalghan stonoktardaghy ónimder óte sapaly shyghady. Býginde biz óz elimizde avto kólikterdi qúrastyra bastadyq. Búl jaqsy ekonomika, al osynday óndiristik zauyttyq ónimderdi qúrastyrsaq el ekonomikasyna tiygizer paydasy zor bolary sózsiz. Shetelding óndiristik mashinalar shygharatyn «Reyter, Trusler» firmalarynyng filialdaryn óz elimizden ashsaq, onda aldaghy uaqytta industrialdy-innovasiyalyq damu jolyna týsken Orta Aziya memleketterining kóshbasshysyna ainalar edik.

Qazirgi tanda barlyq memleketterdegi basty mәsele óndiriske qajetti mashinalar, stonoktar, basqa da kerek jaraqtar shetten tasymaldanuda. Búl shygharylghan ónimning ózindik qúnyn tym jogharylatyp jiberedi. Sheteldikter bizge óz mashinalaryn lizingke bermeydi, memleketaralyq kelisimder joq. Tasymaldaytyn deldaldar óte qymbat baghamen әkeledi. Osy mәseleni jýieli týrde memleket sheshse biraz sharuanyng basy qayyrylghan is bolar edi.

Osy orayda jenil ónerkәsip salasyndaghy ghylymy jetistikter qay dengeyde? Olardyng óndiristerde qoldanylu jay-kýii qalay? Osy mәselelerge toqtalyp ótseniz?

Qazaq maqta sharuashylyghy ghylymiy-zertteu instituty shitti-maqta sortynyng jana týrlerin jasaumen, sapaly talshyq óndiru júmystarymen, auyl sharuashylyghynyng basqa da ónimderin shygharumen údayy ainalysyp keledi. Almaty ghalymdary negizinen mata, kiyim salasyna kóbirek den qoyghan. Jambyldaghy ghalymdar jýn matalaryn zerttep qajetti kiyimderdi jasaumen, sonymen qatar teri iyleu, bylghary, ayaq kiyimdermen ainalysady. Múnda jaqsy sehtar, fabrikalar barshylyq. Naryqqa jaqsy tauarlaryn shygharyp jatqan jaylary da bar. Ontýstik ghalymdary jip jasau, mata toqu, kiyim tigu, mashinalardyng mehanizmderin jetildiru siyaqty t.b. júmystardy damytudy qolgha alghan.

Barlyq ghalymdar da óndiriske innovasiyalyq janalyqtaryn engizumen shúghyldanady. Jogharyda atalghan jetistikter ghylymy izdenisterding arqasynda bolyp jatqan dýniyeler. Ghalymdardy qoldau memlekette jaqsy jolgha qoyylsa óndiris oryndarynyng ekonomikalyq әleueti, tehnikalyq jaghdayy óte jaqsy bolar edi. Ghalymdardyng elimizding jenil ónerkәsip salasynyng damuyna tiygizer paydasy óte zor.

Endi osy salagha tiyisti bolghan óziniz ainalysatyn ghylym jayly sóz etsek. Sizding ainalysqan izdenisteriniz, qanday zertteu júmystary jýrgizildi, ózinizding enbekteriniz turaly aitsanyz?

Ghylymnyng tehnika salasy boyynsha júmystar jasaymyn. Onyng ishinde mehanika jәne mashina jasau, matematika baghytyndaghy izdenister. Jenil ónerkәsip salasyndaghy mashinalardyng mehanizmderi men teoriyasy boyynsha zertteu júmystaryn jýrgizemin. Ghylymy zertteulerim shitti-maqta talshyghynyng qúramyndaghy iri qiqym-qoqystardy tazalau, shitti-maqta talshyghyn alghashqy óndeu mashinalaryn jetildiru, shitti-maqtany tazalau prosesining dinamikasy jәne taghy basqalardy zertteuge arnalghan.

Ónertabystyq júmystar boyynsha Germaniya, Resey, Ukraina, Belorusiya, Estoniya, Latviya, Ózbekstan, Qyrghyzstan, Tәjikistan siyaqty memleketterden alynghan birneshe ónertabystyq, innovasiyalyq, euraziyalyq patentter, 100-den astam ghylymy maqalalarym bar. Halyqaralyq konferensiyalarda, Tomsan Reytersting impakt-faktor jurnaldarynda birneshe maqalalarymdy jariyaladym. Ýsh innovasiyalyq zertteulerim janalyq retinde jenil ónerkәsip salasyndaghy óndiris oryndaryna engizilgen. Býginde nәtiyjeli júmys istep keledi.

Bolashaq mamandar ýshin «Shitti-maqta talshyghyn alghashqy óndeu әdisterin jetildiru», «Energosbereganshie avtomobiliy» degen monografiyalar men «Toqyma óndirisining materialtanuy», «Konstruksiyalyq materialdar tehnologiyasy» atty oqu qúraldary jaryq kórdi.  

Qolym bosay qalghanda әdeby tuyndylardy da jazatynym bar. «Qylyshtyng jýzinen de ótkir ómir», «Arpalysqan dýniye», «Ótken kýnning belgisi» atty shygharmashylyq kitaptar da baspadan jaryqqa shyqty.

Súqbatynyz ýshin ýlken raqmet. Aldaghy uaqyttarda da jas akademik retinde sizge ghylymy tabys, biliminizding artyp, shygharmashylyq izdenisterinizding de shyndala beruine tilektespiz.

Súhbattasqan – A. Múqabay