DÁSTÝRLI QÚNDYLYQTAR NEGE QÚNSYZDANYP BARADY?
Zayyrly memleket zannamalyq qaghidattar men qogham súranysyn eskerip, zamanauy baghdarlar men bilim jýiesine jasalatyn taldaulargha sýienedi. Sonyng negizinde qogham ómirin qúqyqtyq túrghydan rettep, últtyq ruhany qúndylyqtardyng saqtaluy men damuyna jaghday jasaydy.
Últtyq tanym men elge, jerge degen qúrmet sezimin qalyptastyratyn otbasynyng tәrbiyesi – adamnyng túlgha bolyp jetiluining kepili. Sebebi, «jasta bergen tәrbie jas qayyndy iygendey» bolatyny anyq. Áke otbasynyng tiregi bolsa, ana – berekesi. Kózin ashqannan kórgeni men estigeni bala jadynda tasqa basqan tanbaday jazylyp qala beredi. Baqytyn baladan izdeytin oily ata-ana «ne ekse, sony oratynyn» úmytpay, ózining әrbir sózi men әreketine mәn bergeni abzal.
Qazaqta «uyzyna jarymaghan» degen sóz bar, demek otbasynan ondy tәrbie almaghan balanyng dúrys ósip-jetilui qiyn. Otbasylyq, aghayyndyq, tuystyq qarym-qatynastardy ýiretetin, qazaq shanyraghyna ghana tәn, jazylmaghan qaghidalar – otanshyldyqqa tәrbiyeleuding ýlken mektebi.
Tabighatynan adaldyqqa, kirpiyazdyqqa beyim әiel-ana – izgi qasiyetterimen tektiliktin, iygilikting ýlgisi, sondyqtan olargha qoyylatyn talap qashan da joghary. «Alyp anadan, arghymaq biyeden tuady» deydi halqymyz. Bala tәrbiyesindegi әkening orny bólek, degenmen jasóspirimning jetiluinde ananyng atqaratyn mindeti – qisapsyz. Tipti әkesining kemshilikterin de balalaryna bildirmey, onyng jamanyn jasyryp, jaqsysyn asyryp, minsiz túlgha etip kórsetu arqyly tamasha úrpaq tәrbiyelegen qazaqtyng aituly analarynyng parasattylyghyn dәriptep, boyjetkenderding boyyna sinire alsaq, núr ýstine núr bolar edi.
Otbasylyq qúndylyqtardy qadirlep, dәstýrdi sabaqtastyratyn altyn kópir bolu – úrpaghynyng keleshegin oilaytyn әrbir qazaq әielining mindeti. Kókirek kózi ashyq, parasat-payymy tereng analardyng aq sýtimen boygha daryghan, «aynalayynymen» sanagha singen, biyazy da júmsaq ýnimen jýrekke ornyqqan aqyl-kenesteri ómir qiyndyqtarynan sýrindirmey, algha jeteleydi.
«Kóretin – qyzyghym, barlyq asyldarym – sender», – degen ananyng ýkili ýmitin arqalaghan perzentting bóten oiy, jaman pighyly boluy mýmkin emes... Ata-ana «Senderge qarap, el bizge bagha beredi», – dep perzentterine ýlken jauapkershilik artyp otyrsa, olar senimdi aqtaugha úmtylady.
Qyryq jylgha juyq pedagogika salasynda enbek etkende bayqaghanym – әrbir bala óz ýiining ainasy. Solargha qarap, ósirgen ata-anasy men alghan tәrbiyesin angharasyn. Sondyqtan «alysta jýrmiz, ata-anamyz qaydan biledi dep teris әreket, oghash qylyqqa barmandar, jaqsy ata-anadan jaqsy tәrbie alghan adam jaman iske úrynbaydy» dep salmaq artyp qoyatynmyn. Filologiya mamandyghynda oqityn studentterding toqsan toghyz payyzy qazaq qyzdary, sondyqtan da osy mýmkindikti paydalanyp, «qazaqtyng qyzy myqty bolmay, qogham myqty bolmaydy, sebebi ertengi úrpaqtyng anasy – sender, sharana qúrsaqta jatqanda sender arqyly kóp qasiyetti ala tuady, sәbiyge kóp qasiyet ananyng sýtimen beriledi, ananyng әldiyimen qazaqy ruh daridy, tәrbiyening bastau-búlaghy – ana» dep qúlaqtaryna sinire beretinmin. Bilgendi aitu – paryz, ony qabyldap, boylaryna siniru – olargha amanat.
«Últyndy tәrbiyeleymin desen, qyzyndy tәrbiyele» dep qazaq tekke aitpaydy, óitkeni býgingi – aru, ertengi – ana. Áyel-ana – jaqsy bolsa, bir әuletting shamshyraghy, qoghamnyng baylyghy. Aghayynnyng arasyn jaqyndatyp, erining mereyin ýstem etip jýretin әielding úyaltpaytyn úrpaq tәrbiyelep, qoghamgha ólsheusiz ýles qosatyny shýbәsiz.
«El bolamyn dese, besigin týzeytin» halyqtyng últyn, elin, jerin sýietin úrpaq tәrbiyesining qaynary – otbasy. «Erin syilaghan esikte qalmaydy» degen qaghidany ústanghan anamyz dәstýr sabaqtastyghyn ýzbey, er-azamattyng orny qashan da jogharyda ekenin, tamaqtyng da aldy otaghasyna qúiylatynyn, sózdi de otaghasy bastau kerektigin t.b. osynday syrt qaraghanda eleusiz kóringenmen, әke bedelin arttyra týsetin әreketterdi sanamyzgha ghana emes, sýiegimizge sinirdi. Ákemizdi asqaqtatu arqyly er-azamattyng balalary aldyndaghy abyroyyn arttyrghan anamyz, әkemizdi pir tútyp, betine qaramaghan boyy ómirden ótti...
Áyel-ana qoghamnyng eng bagha jetpes baylyghy – adamdy ómirge әkeledi. Sol bagha jetpeytin jәne qoldan eshkim jasay almaytyn «qúdiret tuyndysyn» dýniyege әkelgen әiel bala kýtu demalysynda azyn-aulaq qarjygha telmirip qalady. Qazir jana tuylghan sәbiyge beriletin ailyq jәrdemaqy nәrestening óz qajetin óteuge de jetpeydi. Býgingi sәbi, ertengi qogham mýshesin tәrbiyelep otyrghan anagha qyzmettik jalaqy tolyq tólense, ol balasynyng deni sau, tәrbiyeli bolyp ósuine jaghday jasap, ýiining berekesin kirgizip otyrar edi. Osynday kemel qadamdy jýzege asyryp, әiel-ananyng qorghaluyn, uayym-qayghysyz bala tәrbiyesimen ainalysuyn oilastyratyn uaqyt jetti.
Áyel baqyty – qogham baqyty, әielge jaghday jasay almaghan qoghamnyng keleshegi – kýngirt, óitkeni әielsiz tәrbie aqsaydy. Tәrbie aqsasa, úrpaq dúrys qalyptaspaydy. Keleshegining kemel bolghanyn qalaytyn el, aldymen, әiel-ananyng jaghdayyna kóp kónil bóledi. Eshqanday balabaqsha da, mektep te bere almaytyn ana tәrbiyesining kemshindiginen bala meyirim men sýiispenshilikke zәru bolyp, ruhany qúlazugha úrynady. Qúlazu sony qúldyraugha әkelse, onda balanyzdy sol shynyraudan shygharyp alu onaygha soqpasy anyq.
Asty-ýsti tolghan baylyq, úshan-teniz keng dalada tauyqqa shashqan taryday ghana shashyrap jatqan qazaqtyng sany men sapasyn kóteruden manyzdy mәsele bolmasa kerek, sebebi jasap jatqan iygilikter úrpaq ýshin. El men jerge ie bolatyn ar-namysty, imandy úrpaqty kóbeytip, ósire almasaq, últtyghymyzgha, eldigimizge syn. Sondyqtan úlan-ghayyr iyen dalanyng keleshek últjandy iyelerin tәrbiyeleu isine, osy bir kezek kýttirmeytin ózekti mәselege otbasy, qogham, býkil el bolyp júmylmasaq, erteng kesh boluy әbden mýmkin.
Búrynghylar dәstýrdi qalyptastyru ýshin ortaq qúndylyqtar men әdep zandaryn qatang ústandy, qasterlep damytty, qadaghalap saqtady. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde ruhy myqty, ar-úyaty teren, namysty úrpaq ósirip, el boldy.
Eldikting basty kórsetkishi – ortaq qúndylyqtar men dәstýrlerge adaldyq. Qazaq degen halyqty asyl qúndylyqtary men esh halyqta joq dәstýrlerin saqtay otyryp әlemge tanytu – agha úrpaqtyng aldyndaghy paryz, keyingi úrpaqqa – amanat. Ol ýshin amanatqa qiyanat qylmaytyn qazaqy dәstýrdi úrpaq sanasyna ghana emes, sýiegine sinirip ósiru kerek, sonda ghana artymyzgha qaraylamay kete alamyz. Týsingen balagha ata-anasynyng artyna qaraylap ketuining ózi – óte auyr salmaq.
Qazirgi úrpaqty otbasy tәrbiyesimen ghana jetildiru mýmkin emes ekeni belgili, aqparattar aghyny sel bolyp jatqan qoghamda birizdi tәrbiyemen shektelmeytini de ayan. Biraq sol aqparattardyng qoqysy qaysy, injui qaysy ekenin ajyratugha ýiretip, júrttyng qansyghyn tansyq qylmaugha balalarymyzdy baulysaq, dәstýrli qúndylyqtarymyzdy sózben emes ispen kórsetip, boyyna darytsaq, beleng alyp bara jatqan «keselderden» saqtandyrar edik. Jaman nәrse tez júqqysh keledi, qauipting aldyn almasaq, ertengi qýni býginimizge de zar bolyp qaluymyz әbden mýmkin. Mysaly, aitugha auyz barmaytyn, qazaqtyng tarihynda bolyp kórmegen «Qarttar ýii» – әleumettik dertting eng súmdyghy. «Jas kezimde beynet ber, qartayghanda dәulet ber» dep tileytin qazaqtyng qartayghanda barar jeri sol bolsa, kim ýshin beynettenip, ne ýshin ómir sýredi?..
Tayaqtyng eki úshy siyaqty, kez kelgen nәrsening eki jaghy bolady. «Balam – barym, nemerem – janym» dep, meyirim-shapaghatyn tógip tәrbiyeleytin ata-әjeler bar da, «ózimmen-ózim tynysh ómir sýrgenim jaqsy, qartayghanda sening balandy baghatyn shamam joq» dep ýilene salysymen balasyn shygharyp jiberuge asyghatyn ata-analar bar. Múnyng ózi últtyq dәstýrden alystap bara jatqanymyzdy bayqatady. Meyirim kórsetsen, meyirim kóresin. Qarttyqtan eshkim qashyp qútyla almaydy, búl – ómir zandylyghy. Búrynghyday bes-alty balasy bolsa, úyabasar-kenje bala qarashanyraqta qalady dep aldynghylaryna enshi berip jiberse jarasady...
Qazirgi qoghamdaghy dәstýrli qúndylyqtardyng qúnsyzdanuy, adamdardyng ata-ana aldyndaghy paryzgha, perzent aldyndaghy boryshqa, otbasy aldyndaghy mindetke salghyrt qarauy, bir-birine degen meyirim-shapaghatynyng kemui, týrli qylmystar men qatygezdikterding oryn aluy, ruhany jútandyq – bәri qosylyp dәstýrli otbasylyq qúndylyqtargha qauip tóndirip otyrghanyn jasyrugha bolmaydy. Qol qusyryp qarap jýrmegenimiz anyq, degenmen zattyq qúndylyqtar aldynghy oryngha shyghyp bara jatqan qazirgi qoghamda dәstýrli qúndylyqtardy jandandyryp, baghasyn kemitpey, qadirin qashyrmay ghasyrlar kóshine ilestiru – agha úrpaq aldyndaghy qasiyetti borysh. Jarty әlemdi jaulaghan Eskendir Zúlqarnayyn da (Aleksandr Makedonskiy) búl dýniyeden eshtene alyp kete almaghanymdy keyingiler kórsin, sabaq bolsyn dep, jerleuge alyp bara jatqanda eki qolyn shygharyp qoydy amanattaghan eken.
Qoghamdaghy qúndylyqtardyng bastau búlaghy – otbasylyq qúndylyqtar, otbasyndaghy tәrbie onalmay, qogham onalmaydy. Baylyqtyng eng ýlkeni – imandy, parasatty úrpaq. Dәstýrge adal, paryz ben qaryzdyng salmaghyn biletin, qúndylyqtar sabaqtastyghyn jalghaytyn bala tәrbiyelep, elimizding ertenine qyzmet eteyik degim keledi.
Qazaqtyng últtyq tәrbiyesining ainasynday halyqtyq pedagogika múralary – túnyp túrghan danalyq pen aqyldyng keni. Aqylgóy abyz babalarymyz kóz kórip, kónil qanyqqan ómir sabaqtaryn eki auyz sózding ayasyna syighyzyp, týiindi oimen tújyrymdaghan. Tek sony kóretin qyraghy kóz, úghatyn sarabdal sana bolsa bolghany. Ata-babalarymyzdan bastau alyp, san ghasyrlar boyy adamgershilik pen izgilikti dәriptegen qazaqtyng últtyq dәstýrleri keleshek úrpaq ýshin de ruhany azyq bolyp qala bereri haq, shynayy shyndyq pen izgilikke negizdelgen qúndylyqtar esh uaqytta qúnyn joymay, jasampaz bola beredi. Sondyqtan, ruhany búlaqtyng biteluine jol bermey, úrpaghymyzdy sol «búlaq suynan» qanyp ishuge jaghday jasau – agha buynnyng basty mindeti.
Tәuelsizdigimizding túghyrly, tuymyzdyng joghary boluyna qyzmet etetin zayyrly memleketting mýmkindikterin jasampaz úrpaqtyng jaqsylyghyna baghyshtayyq!
S.Duanaeva, Din mәseleleri jónindegi ghylymiy-zertteu jәne taldau ortalyghynyng ghylymy hatshysy, f.gh.k.
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