2016 jyldyng ýsh toqsanynda Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qoryna (BJZQ) kelip týsken zeynetaqy jarnalarynyng somasy 510 milliard tengeni qúrady, al qordan tólengen zeynetaqy tólemderi 130 milliard tengeden asty.

Qor kórsetkishteri túraqtylyq pen senimdilikting dәleli boluda: tólemder tólenip jatyr, zeynetkerler ózderi jinaghan aqshasyn alyp jatyr. Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qorynda jinaqtalghan zeynetaqy aktivteri 6,5 trillion tengeden asady, al investisiyalyq tabys kólemi 9 aidyng ishinde ghana 432 milliard tengeden asty. «Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qory» AQ basqarma tóraghasynyng birinshi orynbasary Sәule DÝISENOVA Qordyng ondaghan jyldargha jeterlik ornyqtylyq jinaqtaghanyn aitady. 

"Egemen Qazaqstan" gazetinde jariyalanghan Sәule Dýisenovamen bolghan әngimeni "Abay" aqparattyq portalynyng oqyrmandarynyng nazaryna úsynudy jón sanap otyrmyz.

– Sәule Saghyntayqyzy, ja­­qynda Birynghay jinaq­taushy zeynetaqy qorynyng operasiyalyq zalynda boldym. Kelushiler kóp bolsa da, әbigerge týsip jýrgen nemese kýigelektikke salynyp jýr­gen adamdardy kórmedik. Kelu­shiler óz mәselelerin jedel týrde, sonymen qatar sabyrmen sheship, zeynetkerlik qújattaryn qolma-qol rәsimdep jatqandaryn bayqadyq. Alma­ty­daghy kenseler ghana osylay júmys istey me, әlde qyzmet kór­setuding jana standarty eli­miz­ding barlyq aimaqtaryna taral­ghan ba?

– Qyzmet kórsetu uaqyty, qújatty rәsimdeu men jabdyqtau, mamandardyng biliktiligi siyaqty standarttar bizding kenselerimizding barlyghyna birdey taralghan. Býkil elimiz boyynsha jýie osylay júmys jasaydy. Sonday-aq kliyent­terden qyzmet kórsetu dәrejesine mindetti týrde bagha berulerin ótinemiz. Búl mәlimetter jinaqtalyp, qyzmet kórsetu jәne sapany baqylau departamentinde avtomatty týrde óndeledi. Ázirge kliyentterding bergen baghasy standarttar ólsheuishi bolyp otyr, әitse de aldaghy uaqytta biz múny jer-jerde qyzmetkerlerding enbek­aqysyn tóleu barysynda jappay eskeremiz dep josparlap otyrmyz.

Qazir bizde respublika boyynsha 232 bólim júmys isteude. Kóptegen bólimderde – әzirge iri qalalarda, oblys ortalyqtarynda jәne Stepnogor, Lisakov, Rudnyi, Semey siyaqty qalalarda beynebaylanys jәne baqylau jýiesi oryn alghan.

– Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qorynyng qúryl­ghanyna ýsh-aq jyl bolghanyn, qordyng qyzmeti men shyghyn­dary qatang tәrtipke salynyp, baqylaugha alynghanyn eskeretin bolsaq, qordyng tehnikalyq jә­ne aqparattyq bazasyn jetil­di­ru ýshin qarjy qaydan alyndy?

– BJZQ qúrylghannan keyin, shynymen, kóp nәrseni janartyp, jetildiruge tura keldi. Jeke jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qorlaryn biriktirgennen keyin, olardyng әrqaysysy óz baghdarlamalary boyynsha júmys isteytinin jәne júmys isteu tәsilderi bir-birine úqsamaytynyn bayqadyq. Biz jalpy tәjiriybeden eng ýzdik­terin tandadyq. Osylaysha, baghdar­lamalyq ónim bizge Memlekettik jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qorynan qaldy. Qolymyzgha tiygen múrany janartyp, sonymen qatar halyqqa qyzmet kórsetuding basqa da týr­lerin jetildirip jatyrmyz.

Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynet­aqy qory qúrylghannan keyin әkimshilik shyghyndar aitar­lyqtay azaydy. 2014 jyly Qor­dyng komissiyalyq syiaqysyn búryn­ghysynan eki ese qysqartu turaly sheshim qabyldandy: yaghni, inves­tisiyalyq tabystyng 15 payy­zynan 7,5 payyzyna jәne aiy­na zeynetaqy aktivterining 0,05 payyzynan 0,025 payyzyna qysqartyldy. Sodan keyin komissiyalyq syiaqy taghy da investisiyalyq tabystyng 30 payyzyna jәne zeynetaqy aktivterining 10 payyzyna tómendetildi.

– Kenselerinizge halyq kóp kele me? Kóptegen adamdar Bir­ynghay jinaqtaushy zeynet­aqy qoryna halyq jeke zeynet­aqy shotyn ashugha jәne zeynetke shyghuyna baylanysty qújat­taryn rәsimdeuge ghana keledi dep oilaydy…

– Jyl sayyn, qantar aiynda jәne aqpannyng alghashqy kýnderi halyq múnda kóptep keledi. Almaty men Astana qalalaryndaghy iri kenselerimizge keletin adamdardyng sany 3000 – 4000-gha jetedi. Búl ailarda salymshylar ózderining jeke zeynetaqy shottarynyng jay-kýiin bilu ýshin ýzindi-kóshirme alugha keledi. Keyin kýndelikti kelushiler sany 1000 – 1500 adamgha deyin azayady.

Zeynetaqy tólemderin rәsimdeu jyl boyy aghymdaghy tәrtip boyynsha jýrip jatady. Búl rәsim barynsha jenildetilgen jәne az uaqyt alady. Adamnyng talap qoyyl­ghan jasy jetken kezde, qordan zeynet­aqy tólemderin rәsim­deu ýshin salymshynyng jeke basynyng kuәligi men banktegi esepshotynyng nómiri bolsa jetkilikti. Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qoryna tiyisti qújattar ótkizilgennen keyin berilui tiyis soma zeynetkerding banktegi esepshotyna 10 kýnge jetpey-aq týsedi.

– Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qoryn qúru kóp talas tudyrghan mәselelerding biri boldy. Ýsh jyl ótkennen keyin jeke qorlarmen salystyrghandaghy onyng tiyimdiligi jóninde aitugha bola ma?

– Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynet­aqy qorynyng tiyimdiligin dәleldeytin kórsetkishter bar. 2013 jyly kiristilik 2,2 % bolsa, 2015 jyly qúnsyzdanu 13,6 %-dy qúraghan kezde, bizding kiristiligimiz 15,65 % boldy.

Jýieni kólemdi týrde avtomat­tandyru jýzege asyryl­dy. Túrghyndargha aqparat beruding jana tәsilderi engizildi. Adamdar endi ózderining zeynetaqy jinaq­tarynyng jay-kýii turaly mәli­metter jazylghan konvertti bir jyl boyy kýtpeydi. Qazir әrbir adam kez kelgen uaqytta bizding www.enpf.kz saytymyz arqyly nemese ENPF úyaly qosymshasynyng kómegimen ózining jeke zeynetaqy shotyn baqylay alady. Ayta ketetin jaghday, 2016 jyldyng 1 qazanyna deyin búl tәsildi 2,3 million adam tandaghan bolatyn. Sonday-aq 214 myngha juyq adamnyng elektrondy mekenjayyna ýzindi kóshirme jiberilip otyrady. Osynday adamdar sany kóbeyde. Úyaly qosymshany jýktep alghandar sany 357 mynnan asty. Osylaysha, qazir 2,5 millionnan astam adam, yaghny әrbir tórtinshi salymshy elektrondyq tәsilmen aqparat alyp otyrady, osynyng barlyghy jýieni basqaru shyghystaryn azaytugha mýmkindik berdi.

Búdan basqa da artyq­shylyq­tary bar. Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qoryn qúru salym­shylardyng birynghay bazasyn jasaugha mýmkindik berdi. Osynyng negizinde joghary dәrejedegi parametrlik mәlimetterge monitoring jәne saraptau jýrgizip, elimizdegi jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy jýiesin damytudyng jana baghyt­taryn aiqyndaugha bolady.

2018 jyldyng 1 qantarynan bastap qoldanysqa engiziletin shartty-jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy jýiesining tújyrymdamasyn dayyndauda bizding Aktuarlyq or­talyqtyng esepteri negizge alyndy.

– Kýmәnshilder men úrys­qaqtar bolghan, bar jәne bolady da. Soghan qaramastan, jalpy alghanda, Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qoryna qatysty adamdardyng kónil-kýilerinde ózgerister bayqala ma?

– Búl jýiege senimsizdikpen qaraytyn adamdar sany azayghan. Biz adamdardy búl jýiemen «dos­tastyru» maqsatynda jýieni qoljetimdi, týsinikti, senim tudyratynday etu ýshin kóp júmys jasap jatyrmyz. Senimsizdik, eng aldymen, týsinbegendikten tuyndaydy. Biz zeynetaqy jýiesining barlyq qyrlaryn týsindiruge barynsha tyrysyp jatyrmyz. Mәselen, biz respublikalyq telearnalarmen birlesip júmys jasaudamyz: 24.kz telearnasynda «Zeynet.kz», al «Qazaqstan» telearnasynda «Beynet týbi — zeynet» dep atalatyn aqparattyq-týsindiru, tanymdyq baghdarlamalary apta sayyn kórsetiledi. Biz bilim beru baghdarlamalarymen oqu oryndaryna baryp túramyz. Qordyng resmy veb-sayty adamdardyng tez týsinip aluyna beyimdetilip jasalynghan, onda arnayy ýiretuge arnalghan bólimder bar. Sonday-aq onda, bizding oiymyzsha, jaqsy dep baghalaugha bolatyn «Zeynetaqy kalikulyatory» degen qúral bar, onyng kómegimen kez kelgen adam bolashaqta ózi alatyn zeynetaqy mólsherin shamalap eseptep bile alady. Biz jana pishimder men qúraldardy qoldanugha kýsh salyp jatyrmyz. Jaqynda zeynetaqy jýiesining negizgi mәseleleri turaly qysqa metrajdy aqparattyq filim kórsetetin bolamyz.

Áytse de barlyq mәseleler sheshile qoyghan joq: Qazaqstanda júmys isteytin halyq sany – 9 miyl­liongha juyq adam, biraq zeynetaqy jarnasyn jýieli týrde tólep otyratyndar sany – 6,4 millionnan sәl ghana asady. Sondyqtan enbekke jaramdy, júmys isteytin, biraq resmy týrde tirkelmegen jәne zeynetaqy qoryna aqsha audarmaytyn azamattardy jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy jýiesine tartu – qordyng jәne jalpy memleketting asa manyzdy min­detterining biri. Biz zeynetaqy jýiesine belsendi týrde aralasu arqyly әrbir adam memleketpen jәne aldaghy uaqytta júmys berushisimen birge ózining zeynetaqy aktiyvin jasap, ózine tiyimdi әri mýddeli әreket etetinin әrbir adamgha jetkizgimiz keledi.

– Kóptegen adamdar qar­jylyq túraqsyzdyqtan qauip­tenedi. Qorgha qansha aqsha týsip túrsa, tólem de sonday mólsherde bolyp qaluy mýmkin ghoy?! Mún­day kýdikterding boluyn týsi­nuge bolady: 90-shy jyldary qan­shama tólemder ótelmey qal­dy, depozitter qúnsyzdanyp ketti, zeynetaqylar da tólenbey qal­ghan bolatyn…

– Ortaq jәne jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy jýielerining arasynda birqatar týbegeyli aiyr­mashylyqtar bar. Ortaq zeynet­aqy jýiesinde júmys isteytin azamattar zeynetke shyqqan zey­netkerlerdi zeynetaqy tóle­mimen qamtamasyz etedi. Býgingi tanda múnyng 1998 jylgha deyin enbek ótili bar adamdargha qatysy bar. Olargha zeynetaqy budjetten tólenedi. Birtindep búl qúramdauysh jýieden shyghady. Sol kezde tәuekel de joyylady.

Al jinaqtaushy jýiede Bir­yn­ghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qorynyng әrbir salymshysy ózining jeke zeynetaqy shotyna aqsha audaryp otyrady, ol derbes týrde eseptelinedi jәne salymshy zeynet jasyna jetken kezde, zeynetaqy tólemderi onyng ózining zeynetaqy jinaghy esebinen tólenetin bolady. Salymshy qansha soma jinasa, sonsha aqsha alady. Son­dyqtan da demografiyalyq jagh­day salymshynyng zeynetaqy tólemderine әser etpeytin bolady.

– Zeynetaqy jýiesi damyp keledi, aldaghy uaqytta bizdi ne kýtip túr?

– Býgingi tandaghy kókeykesti mәsele – auystyru koefisiyentining jetkilikti boluyn saqtap qalu, yaghny adamdar zeynetke shyqqan kezde, Halyqaralyq enbek úiymy standarttaryna sәikes joghaltqan tabysynyng 40%-nan kem emes mólsherine ie boluy tiyis.

Ortaq zeynetaqy jýiesi bir­tin­dep azayyp, joyylghannan keyin onyng ornyn shartty-jinaqtaushy qúramdauysh basuy tiyis. 2015 jyly 2 tamyzda Elbasy «Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng key­bir zannamalyq aktilerine zeynetaqymen qamsyzdandyru mәseleleri boyynsha ózgerister men tolyq­tyrular engizu turaly» Zangha qol qoydy. Sonymen 2018 jyldan bastap shartty-jinaqtaushy qúramdauysh nemese júmys beru­shining mindetti zeynetaqy jarnalary (JMZJ) engiziletin bolady. Júmys be­rushi búl jarnany enbek jagh­daylaryna qaramastan barlyq júmyskerlerining shartty zeynet­aqy shotyna tóleytin bolady. Búl shot Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynet­aqy qorynda ashylatyn bolady.

Júmys berushi búl shotqa júmys berushining mindetti zeynet­aqy jarnasyn (JMZJ) qyzmetkerding ailyq tabysynyng 5%-y kóleminde óz esebinen tólep otyrady. Júmys berushining mindetti zey­netaqy jarnasynyng (JMZJ) artyqshylyghy sol, eger júmys berushi kem degende, ýzilissiz 60 ay osynday tólem jasasa, zeynetker shartty zey­netaqy shotyndaghy aqsha tausylyp qalsa da, osy jinaqtan ómir boyy zeynetaqy tólemderin alyp túratyn bolady.

Sonday-aq elimizdegi jinaq­taushy zeynetaqy jýielerining erekshelikteri turaly aityp óteyin: bir de bir jinaqtaushy zeynet­aqy jýiesinde, tipti joghary damyghan elderde de zeynetaqy jiy­naqtarynyng saqtaluyna ke­pil­dik beretin memleketting tikeley jau­apkershiligi joq. Al Qazaq­standa qúnsyzdanu den­geyin eskere otyryp, zeynet­aqy jinaqtaryn saqtalu jaua­pker­shiligin memleket óz moy­nyna alyp otyr.

Sondyqtan, mәselen, 2008 jyly jinaghan aqshasy qúnsyzdanyp qalghan bizding zeynetkerler, yaghny naryqtaghy qarjylyq túraqsyzdyq sebebinen jәne jeke jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qorlarynyng sayasaty sebebinen zardap shekken salymshylar zeynet jasyna jetken kezde budjetten tólemaqy alady. Múnday jaghdaygha qaray esep­teu algoritmi dayyndalghan. Eger salymshylar zeynetaqy jinaq­taryn jekemenshik qorlargha salyp, shyghyngha úshyraghan bolsa, sol shyghynnyng orny toltyrylady.

Ókinishke qaray, adamdar jaqsy zeynetaqy alu ýshin qajetti somany jinaqtay almay jatady. Sondyqtan qazaqstandyqtargha aitarymyz, erikti zeynetaqy jarnalaryn salynyzdar, júmys berushining der kezinde jәne toly­ghymen mindetti zeynetaqy jar­nalaryn audaryp túruyn qada­ghalanyzdar.

Aktuarlyq esepterge sәikes, 1998 jylgha deyin enbek ótili bolmaghan adamdargha ortaq zey­netaqy tólenbeydi, qúrmetti demalysqa shyqqan kezde olar ýshin bazalyq zeynetaqy tólenedi jәne olar ózderi jinaqtaghan somagha ie bolady. Búl jetkiliksiz bolyp tabylady, sondyqtan zannamagha ózgertuler engizilip, jana qúram­dau­ysh engizildi. Nәtiyjesinde zeynetaqymen qam­syzdandyru barysyna memleket, salymshy jәne júmys berushi qatysady. Jana shartty-jinaqtaushy qú­ram­dauyshty eskere otyryp, Qazaq­standa Ha­lyqaralyq enbek úiy­mynyng júmys isteushi azamat­tyng ailyq tabysynyng 40%-yn qam­tamasyz etu talaby oryndalady.

– Jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy jýiesining mindetti kәsiptik zey­net­aqy jarnasy siyaqty jana qúramdauyshtary qanshalyqty sәtti damyp keledi?

– Mindetti kәsiptik zeynetaqy jarnasy – júmys berushi 2014 jyldyng 1 qantarynan bastap enbek jaghdayy ziyandy jәne qau­­ipti júmyspen ainalysatyny júmyskerler ýshin tólep kele jatqan jana jarna týri. Múnday kәsipter tizimi Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ýkimetining qau­lysymen belgilengen. 2016 jyl­dyng ýsh toqsanyndaghy statistikany mysalgha keltireyin. 1 qazanda mindetti kәsiptik zeynetaqy jarnasy boyynsha salymshylar sany 411 220 adam bolyp otyr. Yaghni, ziyandy jәne qauipti kәsip ókilderi tolyghymen osy jarna týrimen qamtylghan.

– Búrynghy jeke qorlar siyaqty, Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qory da erikti zey­netaqy jarnasyn damyta almay otyr. Múnday jarna týrin 39 myngha juyq adam tóleydi. Mún­day salym týrin damytu ýshin yntalandyrular bar ma?

– Ókinishke qaray, erikti zeynetaqy jarnasy keng taralyp otyrghan joq. Múndaghy basty yntalandyru – salymshynyng ózi ýshin tiyimdi ekenin týsinui. Búl – ózining zeynetaqy kapitalyn aitarlyqtay tolyqtyrugha mýmkindik beretin tәsilderding biri. Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qorynyng saytyndaghy «Zeynetaqy kalikulyatory» bolashaq zeynet­aqynyng mólsherin esepteuge mým­kindik beredi jәne az salynghan jar­nalardyng ózi jinaqtardy aitar­lyqtay úlghaytugha bolatynyn kórsetip otyr. Olardy memleket te yntalandyruda: óz paydasyna salynatyn erikti zeynetaqy jarnasyna salyq salynbaydy. Múnday jarnany basqa adam ýshin de tóleuge bolady. Osynday jolmen jinaqtalghan jinaqtardy jalpygha ortaq belgilengen zeynet jasyna jetpey-aq, yaghni, 50 jastan bastap ala beruge bolady.

Búl mәsele býginde kókeykesti bolyp otyr. Óitkeni keybir salymshylarda auyr syrqattaryna baylanysty, bilim alu nemese ýy satyp alu jaghdaylaryna baylanysty, zeynetaqy jinaghynyng bir bóligin erterek alu qajettiligi tuyndauda. Álemdik tәjiriybe kórsetkendey, zeynetaqy jinaq­taryn merziminen búryn alu salymshy zeynet jasyna jetken kezde onyng jinaghan aqshasy naqty ómir sýru dengeyin qamtamasyz etken jaghdayda ghana mýmkin bolady. Zeynetaqy qoryna óz er­kimen jarna salu osy dengeydi qam­tamasyz etuding bir kózi bolar edi.

Qazir búl mәsele zerttelip, eseptelu ýstinde. Keyin tiyisti úsynystar engiziletin bolady.

– Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qorynyng ózining damu tújyrymdamasy bar. Qanday jana úsynystar aitasyzdar?

– Biz kliyenttermen jana qarym-qatynas ornatatyn bolamyz. Eger býgingi kýni kóp jaghdayda salymshy bizge keletin bolsa, búdan bylay biz oghan qaray jýretin bolamyz. Biz «Ónirlik jelini damytudyng jol kartasyn» jәne «Aqparattyq tehnologiyalardy damytudyng jol kartasyn» dayyndadyq. Býkil baghdarlama 2-3 jylgha arnalyp jasalynghan jәne ónirlik jelidegi jyldamdyghy joghary baylanys arnalary bar zamanauy kóshpeli kenselerdi damytugha baghyttalghan.

Sonday-aq vpn-avtomattar úiymdastyrghymyz keledi, olar operatormen qashyqtyqtan qaty­nas jasaudy qamtamasyz etetin bolady: adam Qazaqstannyng kez kelgen aimaghynda jýrip, Biryn­ghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qoryna habarlasyp, operatormen qashyqtyqtan qatynas jasau arqyly qújattaryn tapsyryp, onymen skayp arqyly sóilesip, ótinish jaza alady әri oghan sol jerde qyzmet kórsetiletin bolady.

Búdan ózge, 7-8 million adamda bankterding tólem kartalary bar. Biz bank jýiesi boyynsha adamdy sәikestendiru jýiesimen baylanys ornatyp, sol arqyly salymshygha ekinshi dengeydegi bankterding bankomattary arqyly qyzmet kórsetkimiz keledi.

Múnday tәsil kýnine 2-3-aq adam keletin shalghay jerden qyzmet kórsetu ortalyqtaryn ash­pay-aq qyzmet kórsetuge mým­kindik beredi. Biz mobilidi avtomobilider satyp aludy josparlap otyrmyz, olar baylanyspen, tehnikamen jabdyqtalatyn bolady jәne keste boyynsha elimizding shet aimaqtaryna baryp túrady. Áriyne, múnday avtomobiliderding keletini jóninde jergilikti ha­lyqqa aldyn ala eskertiledi. Zeynet­aqy jýiesin odan әri damytu boyynsha úsynystardy qarastyrghan kezde Birynghay jinaqtaushy zeynetaqy qory, eng aldymen, salymshylardyng mýddeleri men talap-tilekterin basshylyqqa alatyn bolady. Biz baylanys ortalyghy, operasiya zaly, sayt nemese búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary arqyly kelip týsken bir de bir mәlimetti nazardan tys qaldyrmaymyz. Bar­lyq úsynystargha, aqyl-kenes, tilek­terge, súraqtargha taldau jasaymyz, olardyng әrqaysysynyng sheshimin tabugha tyrysamyz. Osylaysha, salymshylargha halyq­aralyq standart­targha sәikes qyzmet kór­se­tuge tyrysamyz.

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Alevtina DONSKIYH

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