TÚNGhYSh ROMAN. J.AYMAUYTÚLYNYNG QARTQOJASY OKOP QAZGhAN...
Biyl 1916 jylghy Halyq kóterilisining 100 jyldyghy. Elimizding әr aimaghynda týrli dengeyde atalyp ótilude. Ghylymiy-tanymdyq, mәdeni-aghartushylyq sharalar úiymdastyrylyp, tarihy oqigha jayynda maqalalar, zertteuler, jeke jinaqtar jaryq kórdi. Osy oqighagha qatysty 2003 jyly jazylyp, aimaqtyq gazette, shaghyn tirajdy jinaghymyzda ghana jariyalanghan maqalamyzdy tolyqtyryp «Abay» elektrondyq portaly arqyly qalyng oqyrmangha úsynudy jón sanadyq.
Roman talabyna tolyq jauap beretin qazaq әdebiyeti tarihyndaghy túnghysh epikalyq shygharma – «Qartqoja» 1926 jyly Qyzylorda qalasynda jaryq kórgende, onymen sol uaqytta әdebiyetimizde kólemi jaghynan da, kórkemdigi túrghysynan da boy týzeytin birde-bir tuyndy bolghan joq. Qazaq sóz ónerin birden biyik dengeyge kótergen «Qartqoja» – sanauly shygharmalar qataryndaghy әdebiyet tarihymyzda altyn әrippen jazylatyn tuyndy.
Omby oblysynyng tarihy arhiyvinde qújattardy paraqtap otyryp, tizimde Qartqoja esimdi qazaqty kezdestirdik. Jalpy arhiv materialdarynda qazaq úshyrasyp jatsa, ol turaly derek kózin kórsetip otyrudy әdetke ainaldyrghan edik. Sol uaqytta ózimiz biletin Qartqoja bireu-aq edi. Ol J.Aymauytúlynyng belgili romanyndaghy bas keyipker bolatyn. Al endi Omby múraghatyndaghy Qartqoja kim eken?
Qartqoja esimdi qazaq turaly arhiv qyzmetkerinen qosymsha qújat alugha súranys jasadyq. Súraghan qaghazdy bir kýnnen keyin әkeletin boldy. Taghatsyzdana kýtken kelesi kýni Qartqoja Toghanbaev degen Omby ónirinde múghalim bolghan qazaqtyng jeke is qaghazy qolymyzgha tiydi. Birneshe paraqtan túratyn arhiv qújaty orys tilinde toltyrylghan eken. Toghanbaev Qartqojanyng ómirbayanyn oqyp otyrghanymyzda, Jýsipbek Aymauytúly romanynyng sujeti eske týse bastady. Bayqasaq, Omby múraghatyndaghy Qartqoja da Bayanauylda tughan. Ol da shygharma keyipkerindey, 1916 jylghy Halyq kóterilisinen keyin okop qazugha alynyp, maydangha baryp kelgen eken. Shyqqan әleumettik toby romanda kórsetiletindey, qarapayym sharua kedeyden eken. Jalghyz-aq, romandaghy Qartqojanyng әkesi Júman, al arhivte Janan dep jazylypty. Tarihta bolghan Toghanbaev pen romandaghy Qartqoja ómirbayandarynda birneshe úqsas jerler baryna kóz jetken son, aqiqat anyq boldy. J.Aymauytúly shygharmasynyng prototiypi – Omby arhiyvinde kórsetiletin Qartqoja Toghanbaev.
Múraghattan tabylghan Qartqoja Jananúlynyng jeke is qaghazy 1924 jyldyng 4-shi mausymynda bastalyp, sol jyldyng 12-shi qarashasynda ayaqtalghan eken. Múqabasynda «Omby atqaru komiyteti janyndaghy Omby guberniyalyq halyqqa bilim beru bólimi» degen jazuy bar is-qaghazda Qartqoja Toghanbaevtyng atyna berilgen kuәlik te saqtalypty. Onyng týpnúsqasy tómendegidey:
RSFSR UDOSTOVERENIYE
Omskiy Pred”yaviyteli sego tov. Toganbaev gubernskiy Kartkoja komandiruetsya v raspoyajeniya ispolniytelinyy Kalachinkogo UONO dlya naznacheniya na komiytet doljnosti likvidatora negrom.
4.02.1924 Sredn. Kirgiyz. Andreevsk. rayona
№ 2629 gorod Omsk. Upravdelamy Misurev
(RF Omby oblystyq tarihy arhiyvi. 318-qor, 2-tizim, 1780-is.)
Atalmysh kuәlikpen birge is-qaghazda Qartqojanyng jeke is paraghy da bar. Ony qazaq tiline erkin audaryp, oqyrman nazaryna úsynamyz.
QARTQOJA JANANÚLY TOGhANBAEVTYNG JEKE IS PARAGhY
| № | Súraqtar | Jauaptar |
| 1 | Aty-jóni, әkesining aty (әdeby býrkenshik esimi) | Toghanbaev Qartqoja Jananúly |
| 2 | Qashan jәne qay jerde tudy? | Semey guberniyasy, Pavlodar uezi, Aqkelin bolysy, № 5 auyl. |
| 3 | Áleumettik shyqqan teginiz? | Sharua. |
| 4 | Últynyz? | Qazaq. |
| 5 | Qay ólkening azamaty bolasyz? | Kirkray. |
| 6 | Ana tiliniz | Qazaq. |
| 7 | Qay tilde qosymsha erkin sóileysiz, jazasyz? | Orys tili men arab tili. |
| 8 | Alghan biliminiz. Oqyghan oqu oryndarynyz? | Omby júmysshy fakulitetining 4 semestri. |
| 9 | Otbasylyq jaghdayynyz? | Ýilengenmin. Sheshem – Aqbala, 69 jasta. Áyelim – Manisha, 37 jasta. Úlym – Safolla, 7 jasta. Qyzym – Sharban, 3 jasta. Inim – Elubay, 13 jasta. |
| 10 | KSRO-nyng qay ólkelerimen jaqsy tanyssyz? | Sibirdi jaqsy bilemin. |
| 11 | Shetelde túrdynyz ba? | Joq, túrghan joqpyn. |
| 12 | Shetelde nemen ainalystynyz? | – |
| 13 | Qay uaqyttan bastap óz-ózinizdi asyrap, júmys isteysiz? | 13 jastan. |
| 14 | Mamandyghynyz? | Júmysshy. |
| 15 | Qansha uaqyt osy mamandyq boyynsha júmys istediniz? | Bala kýnnen. |
| 16 | Tónkeriske deyingi ailyq tabysynyz? | Ayta almaymyn. |
| 17 | 1917 jylgha deyin jeke menshiginizde sauda, óndiris oryndary boldy ma? | Joq. |
| 18 | Aksiya, nesie qaghazdarynyz boldy ma? | Joq. |
| 19 | Ata-ananyzdyng mamandyghy jәne olar qazir qayda túrady? | Ata-anam joq. |
| 20 | Ata-ananyz alysta bolsa, olarmen qarym-qatynas jasaysyz ba? | Anam mening qolymda túrady. |
| 21 | Otbasynyzdyng tónkeriske deyin bolghan dýniye-mýlkiniz? | Bolghan joq. |
| 22 | Shetelde tuystarynyz túrdy ma? | Joq. |
| 23 | Eski armiyada bolghan sheniniz? | Joq. |
| 24 | Qyzyl armiya qatarynda boldynyz ba? | Joq. |
| 25 | Resey men Germaniya soghysy uaqytynda nemen ainalystynyz? | Resey men Germaniya soghysy uaqytynda okop qazdym. |
| 26 | Áskery jattyghulardan óttiniz be? | Joq. |
| 27 | Qazirgi uaqytta qyzyl әsker qataryndasyz ba? | Joq. |
| 28 | 1905-1919 jyldar aralyghynda qanday qyzmet istediniz? | Batyrak boldym. |
| 29 | Kenester qyzmetine, mekemesine qashan júmysqa túrdyghyz? | Joq. |
| 30 | Qúqyq qorghau qyzmetterinde istediniz be? | Joq. |
| 31 | Songhy qyzmet ornynyz? | Júmysshy fakulitetining studenti. |
| 32 | Qazirgi ainalysatyn qyzmetinizge qanaghattanasyz ba? | Bilmeymin. |
| 33 | Qosymsha qyzmet isteysiz be? | Joq. |
| 34 | Auylmen qatynasyz ba? Auylda jeke menshiginiz bar ma? | Joq. |
| 35 | Qanday sayasy partiyadasyz? Mýshelik biylet nómiriniz? | Joq. |
| 36 | Búryn sayasy partiyalar qatarynda boldynyz ba? | Joq. |
| 37 | Sayasy qyzmet ýshin repressiyagha úshyradynyz ba? | Joq. |
| 38 | Qazan tónkerisine, Azamat soghysyna belsene qatystynyz ba? | Joq. |
| 39 | Partiyada qanday júmys atqardynyz? | Eshqanday. |
| 40 | Sottaldynyz ba? | Joq. |
| 41 | Meken-jayynyz? | Omby júmysshy fakuliteti [3, 1-2]. |
(RF Omby oblystyq tarihy arhiyvi. 318-qor, 2-tizim, 1780-is.)
2000 jyly Almaty qalasynda Qartqoja Toghanbaevtyng balasymen kezdesuding sәti týsti. Tólesh Qartqojaúly óz әkesining Jýsipbek Aymauytúly romanyna prototip ekenin aityp, onyng da 1937 jyldyng qandy qyrghynynda repressiyagha úshyraghanyn bayan etti. Asyldyng úrpaghy Tólesh agha kóp jyl boyy Qazaq auylsharuashylyq institutynyng dekany bolyp, әke jolymen ústazdyq etipti.
Á.Bókeyhan bastaghan Alash qayratkerlerining azamattyq jolyn ústanghan, 1916 jylghy qandy qyrghyndy kózimen kórgen kórnekti qalamger J.Aymauytúly «Qartqoja» romanynda kóteriliske qatysty ózining jeke pikirin bayqatady. Shygharmanyng bas keyipkeri qara júmysqa alatyn tizimge iligip, okop qazugha attanyp ketkeni tegis emes sekildi. Bile bilsek, Alash qayratkerleri kóteriliske shyqqan halyqqa basu aitty, ony qúptamady. Shygharmada el men jer kórgen, әskerding ne ekenin sezingen, maydangha baryp qaru ústap kelgen Qartqoja tughan jerine aman oraldy. Romandaghy: «Talaylar dertke úshyrady, talaylar jarymjan boldy, neken-sayaqtar ólip te qaldy. Alayda kópshilik jankeshtilik ete almady. «Kóppen kórgen – úly toy», «Qyryq jyl qyrghyn bolsa da ajaldy óledi» syqyldy dәtke quatpen kóndigip ketti»,- degen romandaghy ýzindiden avtordyng 1916 jylghy kóteriliske qatysty jeke kózqarasyn týsinemiz.
Halyqqa zobalang bop tiygen kóterilisting shyghuy, barysy, taralu aimaghy, oghan qatysty Alash qayratkerlerining ústanymy eski kenestik kózqaraspen emes, býgingi kýn biyiginen, tәuelsizdik múraty túrghysynan әli de jan-jaqty zerttelui tiyis dep esepteymiz.
Qayyrbek KEMENGER, f.gh.k., L.N.Gumiylev atyndaghy EÚU qazaq әdebiyeti kafedrasynyng dosenti
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Qartqoja Toghanbaevtyng taghdyry turaly 2014 jyly S.Torayghyrov atyndaghy Pavlodar memlekettik uniyversiytetining saytynda Ayman Zeynulina, Dmitriy Larionov, Janar Eleshova avtorlyghymen berilgen «Qartqoja Toghanbaev: ótken kýnder janghyryghy» atty kólemdi maqaladan oqugha bolady.
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