Jazushy, alashtanushy ghalym Túrsyn Júrtbaydyng (surette) «Besigindi týze!..» kitabynyng jalghasy. Ótken bólimderin myna siltemelerden oqy alasyzdar:

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=7271       

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=7292    

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=7363    

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=7851    

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=7819    

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=7851

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=7963

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=8004

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http://abai.kz/post/view?id=8190

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=8438

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=8635

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=8747

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=8925

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=8955

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=9050

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=9536

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=9857

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IV

 Úly adamdardyng shygharmashylyq ómirbayanyn salalau óte kýrdeli qúbylys. Árbir derekke óte saq әri nәzik te sergek sezimmen qaraudy talap etedi. Qarama-qarsy kórinisterding ózinen de negizgi arnany dәl jәne dәleldi ajyrata bilu kerek. Onyng ishinde oy pikirinin, azamattyq túlghasynyng qalyptasu kezeni tarihtyng tolghaqty tústarynda ótken, eski tanym-týsinikterding týbegeyli qoparylysqa úshyraghan alasapyran shaqtaryn basynan keshirgen adamnyng ómirdegi jәne ónerdegi ústanghan baghyttary toghysa bermeydi. Tvorchestvonyng túnghiyq tylsymy da sonda.

Ásirese tarihy qúbylystardy saralau tvorchestvo iyelerine óte qiyngha soqty.

Patshanyng otarlau sayasaty halyqty qorlap, óner men ghylymyn, mәdeniyetin túnshyqtyryp, oilau qabiletin shektep, pikir aitu qúqynan aiyryp, el arasyna óshtik pen qatygezdikti, alauyzdyq pen arandatushylyqtyng úryghyn seuip, әbden mezi etken edi. Nikolaydyng taqtan qúlauy búlyqqan júrttyng aldyndaghy tosqauyldy ashyp jiberdi. Jan týkpirine úyalaghan ashu-yza birden syrtqa shyqty... “Alash” partiyasynyng tóniregine toptasqan últ intelliygensiyasy osy ekpinmen qazaqtyng irgesin Reseyden ajyratyp almaq boldy. Birazy oghan qarsy shyqty 1918 jyly nauryzda Semey shaharyna kenes ókimeti ornap, ýsh ay ghana әkimshilikti qolyna alghan Kenesting yqpaly qyr eline erkin taray almady.

1918 jyly 2 shildede býkil qiyr shyghys pen Sibir temir joly boyynda Chehoslovak korpusy kóterilis shygharyp, aq qazaqtardyng kómegimen Semeydegi bolisheviktik ókimetti qúlatty. Jergiliki halyqtyng mýddesin qorghaytyn “Alashordany” Kolchak moyyndamady da, eski biylik tәsilin algha tartty. Bolystyq partiyagha әbden eti ýirengen baylar ókimetting jii almasuynyng tarihy tamyryn týsinbey, shardy kóp alghan jaqtyng jenisindey kórdi. Búrynnan jaghalasqan jauy qay partiyany joqtasa, soghan qarsy partiyagha mýshe boldy. Sony, partiya dep úqty. Oghan, Múhtar jaqsy biletin, 1915-16 jyldary auylynda bala oqytqan Shynghys bókterindegi Shaghan bolysynyng baylary – bir әkeden tughan IYke men Músataydyng arasyndaghy “partiya tartysy” mysal bolady. Sәken Seyfullin “Tar jol, tayghaq keshude” osy eki kókjaldyng “partiyashyldyghyn”:

“Semey uezinde, Tobyqty degen elde, Músatay degen jәne IYke degen kisiler bar. Ekeui de auqatty adam bolsa kerek. Ekeui aghayyn ishinde bәseke, araz. Ekeui qazaqtyng belgili partiyagershilgimen, bәsekelestigimen eldi eki jaryp júlqysady. Birining ýstinen biri aryz jaudyrady. Bir-birine pәle jabady. Qalagha shabysady. IYke jenedi. Ýitkeni Semeyde “Alashorda” bastyqtarynyng biri – IYkening tuysqany. Sonan song Músatay turashyldyqty sovdepten izdeydi. Áriyne, turashyldyqty Sovdepten tabady. Sovdepti, bolishevikterdi quattap shyghady. Búl 1917 jyldyng aqyrynda. Al 1918 jyldyng basynda sodan Sovdep qúlap, “Alashorda” kýsheyinkirep shygha kelgen son, Músatay qúghyngha týsedi. Músataydy “qazaqtan bolishevik bolghan”, “sosialshyl” bola qalghan, aldaushy búzyq dep “Alashorda” jazushylary gazetine jazady. Áriyne, Músatay IYkeden tayaq jegen son, IYkeni “Alashordalar” sýiegen son, turashyldyqty Sovdepten tapqan song bolishevikterdi, Sovdepti quattamay qaytsin! “Músatay jauyz, ústalsyn!” dep “Alashordanyng ýkimeti” jarlyq shygharady, -dep mysqyldady.

“Ýitkeni Semeyde “Alashorda” bastyqtarynyng biri – IYkening tuysqany” dep Sәken megzegen adam – Halel Ghabbas úly. Ol 1917 jyly jeltoqsandaghy ótken Semey oblystyq “Alash” komiytetining jinalysynda onyng tóraralyghyna saylandy. Júmysshy jәne soldat deputattary ókimetining túsynda astyrtyn úiym qúryp, jarna jinaghan. Alash (qazirgi jana Semey) qalasyn astana dep jariyalaghan. Qazaq komiytetining keyingi aqparynda: “Kókek aiynyng basynda bizding maqsatymyzdy kózdegen taghy bir jasyryn úiymnyng bar ekeni anyqtaldy. Sol úiymmen taghyz baylanys jasau ýshin olardyng qataryna óz adamdarymyzdy engizdik: әskery sharalar jóninen – kapitan Toqtamysov, azamattyq is jóninen Biahmet Sәrsenov pen Halel Ghabbasov jiberildi. Az uyqyttyng ishinde qalalyq jasyryn úiymnyng qoryna 35.000 som qarjy jinaqtalady”- dep týsindirme berilgen. Shildede kontrevolusiyalyq tónkeris túsynda Músataydy qamaqqa alugha búiyrghan Halel de IYke men Músataydyng ortaq bauyry bolatyn.

Halyqtyng taghdyry sheshilip jatqan kezde rushyldyqtan aryla almaghan, biylikting kezek almasuyn ózara kek qaytarugha paydalanghan jylpostyq Múhtardyng janyn týrshiktirdi. Tipti qiyanattan aulaq Shәkirimdi de oghan aralastyryp ýlgiredi. “Qazaq ishindegi partiya neden?” -degen maqalasynda rushyldyq indetin ashyna jazghyryp, onyng halyqqa tiygizetin qasireti men kesirin taldap berdi. Ataman Annenkov pen últshyl reaksionerlerding qatty qysymyna qaramastan 1918 jyldyng kýzinde “bizding endi eskeretin nәrsemiz sol juan men nashar arasyndaghy aiyrmashylyqty joghaltyp, júrtty býliksiz tynyshtyq ómir qalpyna týsiru”- dep ashyq jazdy. Áriyne, múnday pikir býlikshilikti úiymdastyrghandargha jaqpady. Sebebi: búl – sol uaqytta týrmede jatqan, keyin atyp óltirilgen Núrghaly Qúljanov siyaqty bolishevikterding isin qostau edi. Múhtar 1919 jyly jazda gimnaziyany bitirisimen qalany tastap auylgha ketip qaldy.

Tarihy tónkeris túsyndaghy bir kýnning oqighasynyng ózi tvorchestvo adamynyng sanasyna erekshe әser etedi. Ákimshilik, biylik, sayasy baghdar qalay qúbylsa da, Múhtar kýndelikti tirshilik tolqynynyng aghysynda ketpedi. Óshpeytin, ózgermeytin maqsaty – halaqtyng aqyl-oyyn biyleytin oqu, ghylym, mәdeniyet ispetti ruhany qajettilikti damytudy múrat tútty.

Kónil kózimen boljay otyryp Múhtardyng basynan keshken kýiinish-sýiinishin, taghdyr talqysyndaghy tolghanysyn jýielep, búdan da qyzyqty tәsilmen bayandap beruge bolar. Biraq biz maqsatty týrde, Múhtardyng sol kezdegi belgili-belgili ózgeristerine qatysty tek ómirlik derekterdi ghana nazargha saludy úighardyq. Sonyng ishinde, әrbir oqighanyng tikeley kuәsi bolghan adamdardyng búryn-sondy belgili-belgisiz, avtordyng ózi әngimelesken sәtinde qaghazgha týsirgen estelekterin uaqyt jýiesimen bayandau tәsilin sanaly týrde qoldandyq. Ol – tek әdeby әdis emes, barynsha shyndyqty kórsetu niyetinen tughan qajettilik. Shygharmashylyq enbekteri jóninde keyingi tarauda tolyq maghlumat berilgendikten de, jeke basyna, qyzmetine qatysty jaylar qamtyldy. Ózge oqighalardy osy kezeng turaly derbes zertteuding enshisine qaldyramyz. Al shygharmalaryna arqau bolghan ómirlik kórinister әr tuyndynyng jazylu tarihy aitylatyn taraularda bayandalady. Eskerte keterimiz, zamandastarynyng estelikterinen túratyn shygharmashylyq – ómirbayandyq portret jasau ejelden bar dәstýr.

Sol ýrdisti de ústanamyz.

Qaladaghy qarbalas tirshilikten qajymasa da, 1919 jyly jazda Múhtar qyrgha shyghyp ketti. Áuez ata úrpaqtarynyng tizginin ústaghan Razaqtyng bórilidegi ýiinde jas kelinshegi – Rayhan yqylasy búzylmaghan qalpynda jarynyng jolyn tosyp otyrghan. Kóktemnen keyingi soqqany osy. Túnghysh Múghamilanyng da tili shyghyp qalyp edi. Shoqan atty úly da dýniyege keledi.

Sonymen, 1919 jyl. Jaz aiy.

Múhtardyng tughan әpkesi Zúbaylanyng kýieui Qabdesh Ásirjanúlynyng jiyeni tarihshy, professor Músatay Aqynjanov:

“Biz Ásirjan aulyna kelgende Múhtar bastaghan top Qabdesh aghanyng otauynda qaryndasy Ýmiyanyng ýiinde eken. Ýi-ishi lyq tolghan jastar men tileules dostary eken. Ortalarynda Múhtar bir tóbe, jazbay tanydym. “Tekshening bauyrynda” degen, osy Qabdesh aghalardyng kósh asuy jayynda jazghan bir әngimesin oqyp otyr eken. Biz barghan song әngime bólindi...

Múhtar sózi әri sheshen, nanymdy kórindi. Ol otyrghandardyng barlyghyna, әsirese men ýshin mýlde tyng janalyqtardy aitty. Osy uaqytqa deyin Shynghys jerin mekendegen (ol kezde ony tek ru atymen Tobyqty, Qanjyghaly, Sadyr, Matay dep ataytyn) júrttyng esinen qalmay kele jatqan “Enlik-Kebektin”, “Qalqaman-Mamyrdyn”, “Birjan-Saranyn” әngimelerin mysalgha aldy. “Qalqaman-Mamyrdyng dauynday...” Nemese “Erkek toqty qúrbandyq, Kebek qany tambasa, Shynghys bizge qonys bolmas edi...” dep, barlyq eskishilik pen óreskeldikti, rushyldyq-feodaldyq ospadarlyqty juyp-shayghysy keletinderge qarsy Múhtar shyndyqty ashatyn kitaptar jazatynyn aitty.

Sonymen birge Múhtar búl әngime-jyrlar ishinde halyq tilining ne bir asyl-qazynalary jatqanyn sóz qyldy. Ólen-jyrdyng baghasyn óz aldyna bir sala etip dәlelmen kórsete kelip, “qara sózdin” odan qalyspaytynyn aitty.

Endi bir sәtte Múhang Kengirbay men Qaramende biyding Shynghys bókterin mekendeu ýshin bolghan dauyn kópke týsindire otyryp, úzaq bayandap aityp berdi. Sózden útqan Kengirbay osy Shynghysty mekendep qalypty da, útylghan Qaramende Tobyqty tobyn bastap Balqash jaqqa, Kenqaq degen jerge kóshipti.

...Sol kýni keshke Múhtardyng súrauymen auylda altybaqan qúryldy. Týni boyy auyl aldy, qoy sheti sauyq-sayran, әn-kýige bólendi. Men sauyq sayranda júmysym joq, naghashy apam Jekebaydyng ýiine baryp ishtey Múhtar sózin pysyqtaumen boldym...

Úmytpasam, shildening bas kezinde, dýisenbi kýni Jýken ýiinde, Bóbikey shoqysynyng aldynda Ásirjan auyldarynda túnghysh jazghy mektep ashyldy. Mektepti ashushy da, jetekshi de Múhtar boldy. Segiz jasar Babirannyng qolynan ústap Múhtar, Qabdesh ekeui mektepke birinshi bolyp kirdi. Kelgen balalar ishinde Babira, Saduaqas syqyldy segiz jasar balalarmen birge, Kenjetileu Dolambekúly syqyldy on jeti jasar, mening ózimnen ýlken birneshe auyl jastary da bar edi. Múhtar men Qabdesh aghany kórgen auyl eresekteri tegis jinaldy. Jinalghan auyl adamdary aldynda Múhtar sóz sóiledi...

Mektep ashylghan alghashqy kýnderi Múhtar Qabdesh aghanyng auylynda boldy. Auyl arasy óte jaqyn bolatyn. Múhtar meni osy kýnderi kóp nәrsege ýiretti. Jana әlippe joq. Múhtar men Qabdesh aghanyng oqyghan inisi Qaduәshim ekeui oryssha jazylghan azbukanyng ýlgisimen qazaqsha әlippe jasap berdi. Men ol әlippelerdi jeke-jeke dәpterge baspaday etip kóshirip, ózderine kórsetkenimde, olar qatty quandy. Men kóshirip jazghan әlippening bireuin tandap alyp, jiyenining qolyna ústatyp, Múhtardyng balamen balasha quanyp qaqyldap kýlgeni әli esimde. Reti kelgen song aita keteyin, Múhtargha mening qolym únaghany sonsha, ol keyinnen kóptegen qoljazbalaryn maghan kóshirtetin boldy, sebebi Múhtardyng arapsha qoljazbasyn kózi qanyqpaghandar tanuy qiyn edi. Múhtar ózi keyde “Samarbaydan qalghan múra ghoy” deytin. Shyndyghynda da Samarbay syqyldy eski moldalardyng qolyn tanu qiyn edi.

Kýzge qaray Múhtar aghasy Razaqty jiberip, mening әkem Bekbolatpen sóilesip, bir jaghynan balalaryn oqytpaq, ekinshi jaghynan mening ózimdi oryssha oqyttyrmaq bolyp, Shynghystyng bauyrynan seksen shaqyrym jerdegi óz aulyna alyp keldi. Búl mening ýiden úzap túnghysh shyqqan úzaq saparym boldy. Anam marqúm Bibighaysha “alys sapargha attanyp bara jatyrsyn, balam...”, - dep jylap qaldy.

Men baryp qojalar aulyna múghalim bolyp ornalasqan kezde, Múhtar Semeyde edi. Men Múhtardyng ózi ýiinde túryp, sol ýidi bala oqytatyn mektep ornyna paydalandym. Múhtardyng qyrdaghy ýiindegi kitaphanasyn paydalanugha shama joq bolatyn. Oryssha kitaptardyng tek suretterin kórip, suret astyna jazylghan birdi-ekili adam, hayuan attaryn ghana oqy biletinmin”.

Demek, jaz ailarynda Múhtar auylda demalghan. Kýzde qalagha qaytyp oralghan. Qarashada qalada tótenshe jaghday ornady. Ol Qyzyl Armiyanyng Kolchakty Semey tóniregine tyqsyra yghystyryp, qyspaqqa aluynan keyin tipti kýsheye týsti. Kolchaktyng 43-shi jәne 46-shi polki, Semeyding týbindegi auyl stansiyasynda “Týrkistan” bronepoezynyng qúramy qyzyldar jaghyna shyqty. 29 qarasha kýni barlyq biylik ataman Annenkovtyng qolyna kóship, sayasy tútqyndardy jappay atu bastaldy. Onyng ishinde Núrghaly Qúljanov ta bar edi. I jeltoqsan kýni 85 bolishevikti atu jazasyna búyrdy, 30 qarasha kýni keshki 20 saghat 30 minutta bolishevikterding astyrtyn úiymynyng sheshimimen temirjol bataliony, eserler men zenbirekshiler qúramynyng qoldauymen qaruly kóteriliske shyghyp, qaladaghy serb rotasyn qarusyzdandyryp, týrmeni, korpus shtabyn basyp alyp, general Brjezovskiydi tútqyngha týsirdi. Korpus komandiyri Annenkovqa: “Barlyq әskery bólimsheler kóteriliske shyqty. Olar Semeyde qaldy, maghan elu shaqty ofiyser ghana erdi”-dep telegramma salyp, ózi Alash qalasyna (Ertisting sol jaghyndaghy qazirgi jana Semey) bas saughalady. Annenkov jantalasa qimyldap, kýdiktilerdi jappay jazalaugha búiryq berdi. Ústalghandardy últyna, tegine qara tekserip jatpady. Birden týrmege qamady. Múhtargha da qauip tóndi.

(jalghasy bar)

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