Biyl HH ghasyr basyndaghy ýlken sayasy oqighalar –  Aqpan jәne Qazan tónkeristerine 100 jyl tolady. 1917 jylghy  revolusiyalar tek  Reseyde ghana emes, býkil dýnie jýzi tarihyna ýlken ózgeris engizgen oqighalar boldy.  Ásirese, qazaq halqy ýshin búl tónkeristing saldary asa auyr bolghany mәlim. Býgingi kýngi eng ózekti problemalardyng týp-tamyryn izdesek te sol kezenge kelip tirelemiz. Osy orayda Qazan tónkerisi men sonyng nәtiyjesinde qúrylghan Kenes Odaghynyng qazaq ýshin paydasy men ziyany qanday degen saualdar tónireginde belgili sayasattanushy Rasul Júmalymen súhbattasqan edik.   

• Aqpan jәne Qazan tónkeristeri aldyndaghy Resey imperiyasynda

 jәne oghan baghynyshty elderde qalyptasqan qoghamdyq-sayasy jaghdayat qanday edi? Tónkeristing alghysharttaryn qysqasha qalay sipattaugha bolady?     

R.Júmaly: Ol kezde Resey imperiyasynyng  qúramyna engen qazaq ýshin búl tarihta búryn-sondy bolyp kórmegen nәubetting basy edi.  Aldymen atalghan revolusiyalardyng negizgi sebepterine toqtalsaq.  Birinshiden, búl patshalyq basqaru jýiesining irip-shirigeni. Ózin europalyq memleket sanaghanymen Resey eshqashan shyn mәnisindegi europalyq  órkeniyetke jatqan emes. XVIII-HIH ghasyrda Fransuz revolusiyasynan keyin Europadaghy últtar birinen keyin biri burjuaziyalyq-liyberaldyq qoghamgha ayaq basqany belgili. Tipti keybirinde monarhiyalyq jýie saqtalsa da, onysy  formaldy konstitusiyalyq dengeymen shekteldi. Al absoluttik monarhiya qalpynda qalghan Reseyde búnday qúlshynys tek HH ghasyrdyng basynda  bayqaldy. 1905 jylghy orys revolusiyasy onyng alghashqy kórinisi boldy.

Birinshi  dýniyejýzilik soghys elding sayasi, әleumettik jaghdayyn kýizeltti.   Ortalyq  basqaru jýiesi әlsirep, halyq aldynda abyroyynan  ayryldy. Esesine alyp imperiyada san aluan sayasy kýshter biylik ýshin talasqa týsip, arasynda sayasy sahna tórine bolishevikter shyqty.  Olardyng kótergeni «Halyqqa nan, sharualargha jer, júmysshylargha zavod pen   fabrikalar berilsin» degen populistik úran edi. Qalyng búqara búghan aldandy. Shyn mәnisinde biylik basyna kelgennen keyin kommunister búl   uәdesin oryndau bylay túrsyn, «qyzyl terror» atalghan jendettik sayasatqa kóshti. Búrynghy elitalar jappay janshylyp-atyldy, aman qalghany shetelge qashty. Lenin men Stalin bastaghan kommunistik diktatura Sovettik sosialistik respublikalar odaghynyng qúryluyna әkeldi.

• Qoghamdyq jýiedegi ishki qayshylyqtardyng asqynyp, eng songhy

shegine jetuine syrtqy sebepterding saldary qosylyp, Kenestik Odaq ydyrap tyndy. Biraq bizding aramyzda sol dәuirdi ansaytyndar әli de   barshylyq. Olar Sovet ókimetining jaqsylyghyn aityp tauysa  almaytyndar qatarynan. Degenmen, osy tónkeris qazaq halqyna ne berdi? Joq әlde búl býtin bir últqa - qazaqqa kelgen apat dep baghalau dúrys pa?             

R.Júmaly: Qazaq halqy ýshin búl oqighalar búrynghy patshalyq Resey zamanyndaghy otarshylyqtan beter ezgige ainaldy. Atap aitqanda KSRO qúramyndaghy 70  jyl boyynda qazaq halqy ózining etnostyq sanynyng teng jartysynan    ayryldy. Qoldan úiymdastyrylghan osy genosidting soqqysynan Qazaq әli  kýnge sheyin esin jiya almay keledi. Aytalyq, HH ghasyrdyng basynda Orta  Aziyada qazaqtan әldeqayda az ózbekting sany býginde 32 millionnan    asty.  Al qazirgi qazaqtyng sany 12 milliongha jeter-jetpes. Jan týrshigerlik kórsetkish. Alayda búl qandy kommunistik zamannyng bir ghana túsy.

Osy kezende qazaq ziyalylary týgeldey derlik qughyn-sýrginge  úshyrady. Nәtiyjesinde 1980-jyldargha qaray qazaq óz jerinde últtyq  azshylyqqa ainaldy. Sandyq jaghynan qúldyraudan halqymyzdyng sapalyq túrghydan kýizelgeni asyp týsti.  Jappay orystandyru sayasaty nәtiyjesinde qazaq mektepteri, mәdeni, ghylymy oshaqtar jappay qysqartyldy. Búl jaghday  tútastay birneshe úrpaqtyng ana tilinen, últtyq bolmysynan airylyp,  mәngýrttenuine әkep soqty. Ol indetten Tәuelsizdik alghanymyzgha 25 jyl  tolsa da aryla almay kele jatyrmyz.

Qazaq jeri  KSRO kezinde tolyqtay derlik asa ziyandy әskeri, yadrolyq, gharyshtyq poligongha ainaldy. Osynday qatigezdikpen jýrgizilgen  synaqtardyng qúrbany kem degende 2 million adamdy qúraydy. Kenes  biyligining sharuashylyq pen óndiristi ekstensivti jýrgizui saldarynan qorshaghan ortagha ólsheuge kelmeytin núqsan keltirildi. Sonyng saldarynan Qazaqstan jeri  býginde ekologiyalyq apat aimaghy dep tanylyp otyr.  Osynday qasiretti jaghdaydardy tize berse tausylmaydy.

• Kenes odaghy túsyndaghy Qazaqstan tarihyn tolyqqandy ghylymy

zerdeleu endi ghana bastaldy deydi tarihshylarymyz. Óitkeni 70 jyldyq kazarmalyq jýie tarihy sanamyzdy túmshalap, erkin oidy tútqynda ústady. Kenestik sayasy iydeologiyanyng qyspaghy últtyq tarih ghylymyn tejedi. Tek Tәuelsizdikten keyin ghana biz óz tarihymyzgha, últtyq dýniyetanymymyzgha bet búrdyq. Biraq týrli sebeptermen Qazan revolusiyasynyng tarihy baghasy әli berilmey keledi.  Jalpy Qazan tónkerisi tarihynan qanday taghylym alugha tiyispiz?   

R.Júmaly: Egemen el bolghanymyzgha shiyrek ghasyr tolsa da KSRO zamanyndaghy shyndyqtyng әli de ashylmay kele jatqany jasyryn emes. Býgingi kýni Alash  ýkimeti men ziyalylary, asharshylyq, qazaqtyng mal-mýlkin tәrkileu, mal  sharuashylyghymen ainalasyp otyrghan eldi jerinen aiyryp, kolhozgha  mәjbýrlep kirgizu, últ janashyrlarynyng jappay kózin qúrtu, ekinshi  dýniyejýzilik soghys kezindegi qylmystar, Aral men Semey apaty, Jeltoqsan  qantógisi, taghy basqa kóptegen oqighalargha sayasy bagha berilui bylay túrsyn, olardy tipti ashyq talqylaugha qauqarsyz ekendigimiz qynjyltady. Qazaq eli  qanshama jyl sóz jýzinde tәuelsiz sanalghanymen, sayasy elitalary búrynghy metropoliyagha jaltaqtauy, onyng aldynda seskenui, tipti orys tilin dәripteu  әdetinen shygha almay kele jatqany is jýzinde tәuelsiz ekenine kýmәn tughyzady. Shyn mәnisinde otarsyzdanu men qúldyq sana-sezimnen qútylu  ýrdisi Qazaqstanda jýrgizilmegenin aighaqtaydy. Óz kezeginde derbes te azat Últ retinde qalyptasu atalghan sheshushi isterdi oryndamay mýmkin emes sharua. Óz tarihymyzdy zerttep bilmey, әdil baghasyn bermey, onyng ishinde HH ghasyrdaghy KSRO men kommunisterding qandy qylmystaryn әshkerelemey aldygha jyljuymyz neghaybil.

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