Tәkejan (shyn aty - Tәnirberdi) - Abaydyng jalghyz aghasy. Mәsele sonda, tuystar   arasyndaghy arazdyq pen jaryqshaqtyng izderi Abay shygharmashylyghynda «meni bil, anyqta!» dep sayrap-aq jatyr.

Mysaly, 1886 jylghy «Kójekbaygha» óleninde aqyn:

                                   Árkimde-aq bar ghoy tuysqan,

                                   Qaysysy jaudy quysqan?

                                   Kýn jaughanda qoynynda,

                                   Kýn ashyqta moynynda,

                                   Arylmas mindet bolghan son,

                                   Árkimning kónili suysqan, -

dese, búl óz basynan keshken jәit.  Ýlkendi-kishili aluan oqighalardan býginge jetkeni - 1887 jyly Bazaraly bastatqan jigitek jigitteri Tәkejan baydyng bir qos jylqysyn (800 bas) shauyp alady. Soghan baylanysty keler jyly Semey qalasynda oyaz biyleri kenesining soty ótedi. Abay oghan qatysudan bas tartady. Elding әrekesin tilemey, berekesin tilegendikten jәne Oljay arasyn onan әri ushyqtyrmau jayyn oilaghandyqtan (Tәkejannyng daugeri retinde jýginiske jasy 30-gha endi ghana tolghan, ol kýnde Tәkenning tәrbiye-yqpalynda jýrgen, Shәkerim týsip, bir sәtte «sheshen», «jýirik» degen ataq-danqqa bólengenin aita ketuding orayy bar. «Mútylghannyng ómiri» degen ózi turaly dastanynda Shәkerimnin:

                                       Úlyq pen elge jaghyndym,

                                        Ártýrli ataq taghyndym.

                                       Ar ketip, aila jamyldym,

                                               Beyne aldamshy sopymyn.

                                       Qarasam maqtau ainadan,

                                       Álemnen ozghan men bir jan:

                                       El qútqarghan topannan

                                               Tobyqtynyng múqymyn, -

dep, ókinishpen san soghuy astarynda osy aty-shuly oqigha da jatyr.  

         Sol 1888 jyly Abaydyng «Qarasha, jeltoqsanmen sol bir-eki ai» degen óleni dýniyege kelgen. Onda Tәkejan men bәibishesining tastay sarandyghy men meyirimsiz it minezin kórip aqyn:

                       ...Ol da ózindey it bolsyn, azghyr, azghyr! –

dep, qatty yzamen jazghyrady.  «Búl ólendi, - deydi Túraghúl, - ózining Tәnirbergen degen aghasynyng auylynda, aghasy men jengesining Dinislәm degen nemeresin «tamaghyndy ýide otyryp ish» dep andyp otyrghanyn, onyng qúrbylarymen birigip ishkisi kelip otyrghanyn kórip aitqany» (bir tәuiri, ýshinshi buyn Abay ruhynyng shapaghatyn sezinip ósti, janaghy Dinislәm Ázimbayúly 1917 jyly Semey uezdik Zemstvosyna mýshe 30 qazaqtyng biri).

Ýsh jyl keyinde bolghan keyisti uaqighany da Túraghúl auzynan estiyik:

«1891 jyly Orazbay Ospanmen arazdasyp jaulasqanda Tәnirberdi degen aghasy Orazbay jaqqa shyqqan. Bylaysha bolmaqtyng sebebi - Tәnirberdi sýiegi bos adam edi, erterek qartayyp, biylikti Ázimbay degen balasy alghan. Ázimbaydyng jaulasqan sebebi: talaby bar oqymaghan jas jigit abúiyrly bolmaqty el biyleumen tabamyn dep oilap, ózin qoldaushy el tappaqqa eng qolayly jol - aghalarynyng jauyn el qylghany bolyp kórindi. Orazbaymen qúda bolghan. Orazbaylar oilaghan, búlardy bólmesek bolmaydy, óstip qúda bolyp bólelik dep».

Kórdiniz be, Tәkejan men Ázimbay jana qúdasy Orazbay jaghyna shyghyp, ózinikin ózekten teuip, tobyqtan qaqqan. Búl shiykilik, kezindegi Erboldyng opasyzdyghy siyaqty, Abaydy qatty qynjyltqan.  Kekete, múqata, dóp tiygize aitqan «Tәnirberdige» degen 7 shumaq arnau óleni sol keyisting janghyryghy esepti.

                                        Baysyp, pansyp,

                                        Kóringenge bәlsip,

                                        Ózi ghana kelgendey,

                                        Dýniyege jansyp.

                                             Man-mang basyp,

                                             Men-mendigi asyp,

                                             Mal bitti dep, kónili

                                             Kóterilip tasyp.

Óleng osylay bastalghan. Kelesi shumaqtarda aghasynyng sarandyghy, jaqyngha jany ashymastyghy men «ótirik, ósek, dau dese, bәige atynday shabatyn» minezi synalghan. Ólenning sonyn týiindegeni:

                                           Qolynnan keler týk te joq,

                                           Osynyng maghan boldy kek.

«Qolynnan keler týk te joq» deytini Tәnirberdi ot basy, oshaq qasy úsaq sharuadan boyy aspaghan adam (kim ónersiz, el júmysyna epsiz, biraq tәkabbar bolsa, sol kisi boyyna jaman minezder әmise ýiirsek keledi).

Abaydyng qatty ashynghan jayy oqyrmangha úghynyqty bolu ýshin sol 1892 jyly uayym, qayghylar qat-qabat kelgenin eske sala otyralyq. Birinshi, oqystan qaytqan inisi Ospandy jóneltu, onyng ornyn kýzetu. «Búl inisi elding mindetining barlyghyn Abaydan shygharyp, óz moynyna kóterip alghan edi. Ózge tuysqan ishinde Abaydyng eng jaqsy kórgen inisi edi» deydi Múhan. Ekinshi,     sýiikti úly Ábish syrqatynyng asqynuy. Osy jyly Ábish Peterbordan Kavkazgha baryp em-dom alady. Áytse de ókpe auruy - qúrt dertining beti qaytpaghan. «Ábdirahman ólimine» óleninde:

                         Peterborda-aq kidirmey,

                         Bilipti dertting barlyghyn.

                         Tәuekel qyp bildirmey,

                         Kýtipti Tәniri jarlyghyn, -

deuinde osy astar bar. Osyghan Abay men Áygerim arasynda payda bolyp, tym úzaqqa sozylghan qamyryqty, kirbing men týsinbeushilikti qosynyz.

Al Orazbay, Kýntudin  bolystyqtan ýmitker Ázimbaydy Abaygha qarsy aidap salghan әrekesi onsyz da jaysyz ahualdy qoylata týsedi. Abaygha Ázimbaydyng «Ospan múrasynan kem qaldym dep ókpelep jýrgeni» (Árham)  ayan-dy.                 Sonymen, jogharyda bayandalghan jәitterden Abaydyng «Tәnirberdige» degen óleni, sirә da, 1892 jyly jazylghan dep baylam jasaugha bolady. Áli kýnge «jazylghan jyly belgisiz» delinetin ólendi óz ornyna qoyatyn uaqyt jetti.

Tәnirberdi nelikten danqty da qasiyetti inisi qayghyrsa birge qayghyryp, quansa birge quana almaghan, qazaqy úghygha salyp aitsaq, qanyna tartpaghan? Endi osyghan keleyik. Ol atasy Óskenbaydyng qolynda ósti. Biraq basty sebep – ishki týsinbeushilik, joly bólektik. Búl rette qazaqtyng bas kitaby - «Abay joly» epopeyasy «Qastyqta» tarauynan bir ýzindige jýginelik. Esterinizde me, Ázimhan tóre (Álihan Bókeyhanov dep oqynyz) Shynghystaugha at basyn tirep, qúrmetti qonaq retinde kýtilmey me. Sony surettegen tústa Múhtar Áuezov bylay dep jazady: «Shúbar (Shәkәrim dep oqynyz) Abay ólenining bәrin biledi. Jatqa aitu kerek bolsa, Abay otyrghan jerlerde aghyzyp, sudyratyp aityp ta bere alady. Ázimbay, Tәkejandar bolsa, әriyne, «Abaydyng sózi» degen jalghyz auyz sózdi jattap kórgen emes. Al Shúbar bolsa, Abaydyng bar qoymasyn biletin, ol kórgendi qosa kórip, ol bilgendi birge bilip, odan «qalyspay jýrip qarasamyn» deytin adam».

Kórip otyrsyzdar, ghúlama Múhang tórt tuystyng araqatynasy qalay qalyptasqanyn astarlap, maydan qyl suyrghanday etip jetkizgen. Songhy ekeu - qúlqynnyng qúly bolyp, aldynghy ekeu - dýniyege boy aldyrmay ómir sýrdi. Joly birdi qazaq «joldas» deydi. Al joly bólek bolsa she? Qúday saqtasyn, onda birge tughan aghayynyng da jat bolady da shyghady.  

Sóitip, Abay men Tәkejan bólinisi túrmystyq arazdyqta emes, gәp dauasy joq ruhany alshaqtyqta jatyr. «Abay jolynda» bayandalghanday, óz tuysynyng opasyzdyghy Abaydyng janyn jaralap, kónilin qúlazytqan, aqyr sonynda qan qysymy dertine (giypertoniya) әkelip soqqan jaghdayattyng biri bolghan.  

Endi 1892 jylghy Abay ólenderine jýginelik.

         «Ne izdeysin, kónilim, ne izdeysin?» óleninde:

                                     Júrttyng bәri sóz satqan,

                                     Satyp alyp ne kerek?

                                      Eki sózdi Tәniri atqan –

                                      Shyr ainalghan dóngelek.

Osy joldar oilandyrady, aqynnyng elestetkeni Ázimbay beynesi, jýdә. Eki sózdi de, shyr ainalghan pysyq ta sol edi ghoy. «Jýregim, oibay, soqpa endi!» óleninde:

                                     Jýregim, oibay, soqpa endi!

                                     Bola berme tym kýlki.

                                     Kórmeysing be, toqta endi,

                                     Kimge sensen, sol shiyki.

 «Shiyki» sózi aghasy Tәkejangha ma? Júrttyng ony «solqyldaq, shiyki» sanaghany mәlim. «Boyy búlghan, Sózi jylman» óleninde:                                  

                                   Týzu bol degen kisige,

                                   Týzu kelmes yryqtap.

                                   Syrdang tartyp qashady,

                                   Ústaysyng qaytip qúryqtap?

Taghy da Ázimbay, bilem. Qalay bolghanda da qatty úqsaydy (osy jyly túnghyshy Aqylbay bir isimen Abaydy qapa qylghan-dy. Anqausoq Aqylbaydy «Sen de Erkejannyng әmengerisin, qapy qalma!» dep arandatqan osy Ázimbay-túghyn). «Jaqsylyq úzaq túrmaydy» óleninde:

                                   Kez kelse qayghy qat-qabat,

                                   Qanghyrtpay qoymas adamdy.

                                   Qasiyetsiz tughan - ol da jat,

                                   Kýnkildep berer sazandy.

Qazaqta «qasiyetsiz» sózi - kisilikten janylu degen maghynany bildiredi. Abay «qasiyetsiz tughan» dep búl joly da Tәkejandy menzegen dep boljam aitamyz. Onsyz da «mynmen jalghyz alysqan» aqyngha bir tughan aghasynyng «kýnkildep» aitqandary auyr tiymegende qaytedi. Ghaqliya sózinde oishyldyn:   «Eki sózding basyn qosarlyq ne aqyly, ne ghylymy joq bola túra, ózimdikin jón qylamyn dep, qúr «әi, Tәniri-ay!» dep talasa bergenning nesi sóz? Onyng nesi adam?» (34-sóz) deui osy boljamdy qúptay týsedi.

Baqsaq, 1892 jylghy tórt-bes ólenning shyghu tórkini bir. Týbinde, Abaydyng keybir ghaqliyasy men «Malgha dostyng múny joq maldan basqa» (1896), «Jýregim mening – qyryq jamau» (1899) siyaqty keyingi ólenderi de  «qasiyetsiz» tuystargha degen ókpe-syzdan ada emes. Zarly óleng shamdanghan, qorlanghan, ashynghan kónil-kýiden tuady әste. 

Eki tuysta  minez, oghan qosa, ómirlik ústanym-maqsat eki basqa bolghany azday, qúdanyng qúdireti, Tәkejannyng dene bitimi men bet-әlpeti de ózgerek bolghan (bir estelikte ol «úzyn aryq aq shal» delingen jәne jengeleri oghan «Qúsmúryn» dep at qoyghany ayan). Ne kerek, aralary ashylyp, asqynghan jaragha ainalghan, ol biteu jarany tesken biz – 1892 jylghy oqigha ekenine, taghy bir aitayyn, «Tәnirberdige» óleni kuә bolady.

Biraq Tәnirberdini «aramza, qaskóy bolghan» deuge auyz barmaydy. Ol Abaydyng bir auyz sózin jattap kórmegen qyrdyng nadan baylarynyng biri. Tiptik beyne. Ózgerektigi - Abaygha tuystyghy ghana. Ázelde kózi kórgender Tәkeng jayly sipay qamshylap qana aitady (Túraghúldyng «sýiegi bos adam edi» degeni siyaqty). Tósek tartqan songhy kýnderi «Anadan tórteu ek, endi sen de ketip, men jalghyz qalmaqpyn ba?!» dep kemsendey kirgen Tәkejangha Abay: «Er bir óledi, ez myng óledi» depti-mis.

Mynaghan qaranyz: 1893 jylghy saylauda Abay bolys, al onyng kandidatyna «oqymaghan» (Túrashtyng sózi) Ázimbay saylanypty. Búl tatulyqqa qadam ba, qúshaq jayghan tuystyq nyshany ma?

Biraq... songhy tuyndysynyng biri - 1901 jylghy «Úyalma degeni kónil ýshin» óleninde oishyldyn:

                           Tuysqanyn, dostaryng – bәri eki ýshti,

                           Sol sebepti dosynnan dúshpan kýshti.

                           Sýise jalghan, sýimese ayanbaghan,

                           Búl ne degen zamangha isim týsti?! –

dep qapa boluy kónildi taghy da kýpti qylary anyq.

Qoryta aitqanda, tuystardyng is-minezderi Abay shygharmashylyghynda  aishyqty iz qaldyrghany (Toghjangha uyz ghashyqtyghy, Erbolgha shyn peyili siyaqty) haq. Abaydyng ainalasyn tanyp-biludin  manyzdy bolatyny sol.  Kórse qyzarlyq, menmendik, kýnshildik qazir de qoghamdy jegidey jep, el ishin, aghayyndar arasyn alatayday býldirip jatyr. Onyng dauasy - Abay iydeyasy, salghan joly.   Ómir - sholaq, adam – qonaq. Sol sholaq ghúmyrda jol - ortaq, baghyt bir bolghangha ne jetsin. Sol ýshin barshamyzgha da Abay tilinde sóileudin, Abay sózin jattap ósuding qajettigi sózsiz.

Asan Omarov,

zertteushi.

Abai.kz