Sýbedey ómirbayanyndaghy oqighalarmen kelispeushilik turaly mәselelerge baylanysty jazbalar

Sýbedey ómirbayanynda kezdesetin dauly mәseleler ghylymy zertteusiz jәne taldausyz, olar mәsele kýiinde qala bermek.

Sýbedeyding shyghu tegi turaly aitatyn bolsaq, onyng shyghu tegi boyynsha eki geneologiya bar ekenin esten shygharmaghan jón. Shyghu tegi turaly ghajayyp anyzdargha sýiensek, ol ústa Chjarchiudayanyng úly men Chjelmening aghasy dep atalady [4,44]. Mongholdardyng Manyzdy anyzdarynyng mәtininde ol Chaurhan-Subedey dep, biraq, bizding oiymyzsha búl eki Djelme aghayyndylardyng esimderi: Chaurhan men Sýbedey [9,101] [8,105]. 1206 jyly Djelme, Chaurhan (Chaurhay) men Sýbedey mynynshylar retinde atalghan. Yuani Shy boyynsha: Sýbedey "monghol uryanhaylarynan" shyqqan, Huluhura degen aghasy bar, olardyng әkesi Habal, atasy Hachiun, arghy atasy Bohuduk bolghan, biraq ony kóbi Chjelima (Djelme) degen laqap atymen ataghan. Bohuduktyng әkesi Nelibe [2,225-226]. Biraq búnyng ishinde Yuani Shy boyynsha, Huluhur naymandarmen soghysta jýzbasy bolghan, әuel basta Sýbedey Shynghyshannyng gvardiyasynda qyzmet etip, al keyin jýzbasy bolghan [2,226]. R.P.Hrapachevskiy jazghanday: Sýbedeyding shyghu tegi Manyzdy Anyzdaghy Chjelimening aitqanymen mýldem sәikes kelmeydi. Olar Sýbedeymen tek alys tuystar bolghany anyq. Al Chjelime men Sýbedey esimderi búl obok ýshin jay dәstýrli bolghan, әsirese  atyshuly Chjelime esimine qatysty [2,287]. V.A.Zlygostev geneologiya turaly eki faktini týsindire otyryp, Sýbedeyding Djelme jәne Huluhur esimdi aghalarynyng bar ekenin aityp, eki geneologiyanyng bir jaghynan dúrys ekenin jazady [1,28].

Bir tanqalarlyghy, Yuani Shiyde Sýbedey ómiri turaly bir-birin tolyqtyratyn eki jazbanyng boluy [2,225-233] [2,241-242].

Rashid ad -Dinning uryankattar turaly әngimesinde Sýbedey turaly (eki týrli adam turaly aitylghanday) eki ret aitylghan: "Shynghyshan zamanynda búl uryankat taypasynyng ýlken әmiri Djelme-Uhe boldy. Uhe maghynasy "dóreki adam" batyr jәne qaraqshyny" bildiredi. Ol osynday qasiyetterge ie bolyp, osylay ataldy. Ol sol eki ýsh әmirden basqa joghary eshkim túrmaytyn zamanda ómir sýrdi. Ol Shynghyshan zamanynda qaytys boldy. Onyng eki úly boldy: Esu-Buka-tayshy esimdi úly әkesining ornyna ie bolyp, sol jaq qanattaghy әmirlerge tiyesili boldy, ekinshisi Esun-Buka-tarky [hazare] onmyndyqqa ie bolyp, ong jaq qaghanatty iyemdendi. Sýbedey bahadur da osy taypagha kirdi. Onyng úldarynyng biri- Timur-Buka-[baurchiy]; Timur-Bukiyding úldary: Baytmysh, Kýndjek jәne Kutlug-hoja» [7,157-158].

Orman uryankattary turaly әngimelerinen keyin Rashid ad-Din bylay jazdy: "Búl Udachy túqymy negizinde qarapayym qúldar, yaghny qyzdaryn basqalargha bermeydi jәne ózderi jat elding qyzdaryn almaydy". Djebe noyanmen birge Irangha kelgen Ámir Sýbedey-bahadýr de uryankat taypasynan shyqqan. Onyng Kukudju esimdi ong qaghanattyng әmiri bolghan úly bar. Ol Sýbedeyden keyin әkesining ornyn iyelendi. Onyng Uryankatay esimdi taghy bir úly bar. Mengu kaan zamanynda ol bas әskery qolbasshy boldy [lashkarkash-jәne buzurg]» [7,159].

Ári qaray 1229 jyly Kokoshay men Sýbedeyding (Qypshaqty, Saksindi, Búlghardy jaulap alu ýshin) batysqa bastaghan joryghy qarama-qayshy fakti bolyp otyr [5,86-87]. Áuel basta biz Kokoshayany Kuky kiyatpen tenestirgenbiz [9,109] [8,111]. Biraq, búl jerde negizgi qarma- qayshylyq mynau bolyp otyr: 1229 jyly Sýbedey Qypshaq, Saksiyn, Búlghargha qarsy jiberildi, biraq 1230-1231 jyldary ol Qytaymen soghysuda [10,344-345]. Ýgedeyding taqqa otyruynan keyin, Sýbedey Tumegani hanshayymgha ýilenedi jәne onyng 1229 jyly batys joryghyna qatysuy turaly Yuani Shiyde eshtene aitylmaghan [2,229-230]. Kersinshe Yuani Shy boyynsha 1229 jyly Sýbedey ýilengen song Qytaydaghy soghysqa qatysqan. R.P.Hrapachevskiy Sýbedeyding 1229 jyly qypshaq joryghyna qatysqanyn jazghanymen, alayda onyng Qytaygha qalay tez jetkenin týsindirmeydi [10,339-340]. V.A.Zlygostev 1229 jyly Sýbedeyding Qypshaq, Saksin jәne Búlghargha jiberilgenimen kelisedi de, [1,198], biraq Qytaygha kelesi jyly onyng shaqyrylghandyghyn jazady [1, 209]. Qarama-qayshylyqsyz núsqasyn tabugha әrekettengen T.T.Ollsen eki derekti keltire otyryp, Kokoshaymen birge Sunitaydyng jiberilgenin jazady. 1.ngani Shy 1229-1232 jyldardaghy Sýbedeyding qatysuymen Qytayda. 2.Djuveyniydegi jazbalary men Rashid ad- Dinning keybir kóshirmelerinde Sunatay [6,356]. Arab grafikasynda N men B әripterin (diakretikalyq belgilerden aiyrmashylyghy). onay shatystyryp alugha bolatynyn búl jerde aita ketken jón. Mysaly, Muizz al Ansabta Nukay (Nogay) Buky dep atalghan [3,42]. Osylaysha, bizge Dj.Boyldyng týzetuleri negiz siyaqty bolyp otyr. Onyng ýstine atalghan Sunitaydyng ómirbayanyn eskergen jón. Onyng Shaghataydyng әmiri bolghan, Sunit taypasynan shyqqan Shaghatay kuchuk dep atalghany mәlim. Muizz al Ansabta jazghanday, onyng esimine Shaghatay qazasynan keyin tiym salynyp, Sunitay esimine almastyryldy [3,47]. Sol sebepti ol 1240 jyldary ghana Sunitay atandy, al 1229 jyly Shaghatay kýshik atalghan kezde ol eshqanday Sunitay bola almas edi. Sonymen, 1229 jyly Batys joryghyna Sýbedey jiberildi (onyng ekinshi pozisiyada aityluy Kokoshaydyng qol astynda bolghandyghymen týsindiriledi). Mongholdardyng Manyzdy anyzdarynda 1235 jyly Sýbedeyge kómekke әsker jiberilgeni aitylady [2,309]. Búl jandaydy odan sayyn shyrmay týsedi. Eger barlyq derekterge senetin bolsaq, 1229 jyly Sýbedey Batysqa jiberilgen, biraq birden Qytaygha shaqyrylyp, sodan keyin qaytadan Batysqa jiberilipi, oghan 1235-36 jj. kómekke «ýlken úldaryn» jiberilgeni shyghady.

Eger barlyq derekterdi qarastyratyn bolsaq, R.P.Hrapachevskiy aitqanday uryankat úrpaghynan eki Sýbedeyding bolghandyghy turaly negizdelgen pikir qalyptasady. Tómende biz olar turaly әr týrli derekterden alynghan mәlimetterdi bólip qarastyramyz:

Sonymen, jogharyda aitylghandardyng negizinde, biz eki Sýbedeyding bolghandyghyn aita alamyz. Mongholdardyng Batysqa joryghyna qatysqan Habalanyng úly Sýbedeyding ataghy, Qytaydaghy әskery әreketterimen tanylghan, 1206 jyly mynbasy bolghan, Jelmening bauyry Sýbedeyge qaraghanda kenirek tanymal.

Jaqsylyq  SÁBITOV.

Abay.kz

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