Redaksiyadan:
Qoghamdyq qúrylystar kýtpegen tústa ózgergen shaqta kóptegen adamdardyng janany qabylday almaytyny, býgingige kónili tolmay, búrynghyny ýnemi ansaumen bolatyny qalypty jaghday. Tipti, zandylyq dese de oryndy. Ásirese, tumysynan sezimge elitkish, konservatorlau keletin qazaq júrty ótkendi jadynan tez óshiruge beyim emes. Ol-ol ma, "Ótkenge topyraq shashsan, bolashaq seni taspen atady" dep ýreylendirip qoyatyny da bar. "Týrkistan" gazetining janashyry, belgili qalamger Júma-Nazar Somjýrek myrzanyng kelmeske ketken sosializmge degen saghynyshtan tughan kólemdi maqalasyn oqyrmandarymyzdyng nazaryna úsyna otyryp, sosializm jer betindegi júmaq boldy deushilerding әli kýnge aramyzda bar ekenin joqqa shygharmaymyz. Al shyn mәninde Kenes odaghyndaghy sosializm sonshalyqty ghajayyp qúrylys pa edi? Álem halyqtarynyng barshasy derlik sol maqtauly sosializmnen nege bas tartty? Kóptegen kemshilikterine qaramastan kapitalistik qúrylys nege nyq túr, al sosialistik qúrylys nelikten kýirep qaldy? Sosializm shyn mәninde birjola tarih qoynauyna ketti me, әlde uaqyt óte kele qaytyp ainalyp sogha ma?
Mine, osy jәne basqa da saualdyng tónireginde gazet oqyrmandary oy tolghaydy dep senemiz.

1. ORNATQANYMYZ QAY QOGhAM?

Redaksiyadan:
Qoghamdyq qúrylystar kýtpegen tústa ózgergen shaqta kóptegen adamdardyng janany qabylday almaytyny, býgingige kónili tolmay, búrynghyny ýnemi ansaumen bolatyny qalypty jaghday. Tipti, zandylyq dese de oryndy. Ásirese, tumysynan sezimge elitkish, konservatorlau keletin qazaq júrty ótkendi jadynan tez óshiruge beyim emes. Ol-ol ma, "Ótkenge topyraq shashsan, bolashaq seni taspen atady" dep ýreylendirip qoyatyny da bar. "Týrkistan" gazetining janashyry, belgili qalamger Júma-Nazar Somjýrek myrzanyng kelmeske ketken sosializmge degen saghynyshtan tughan kólemdi maqalasyn oqyrmandarymyzdyng nazaryna úsyna otyryp, sosializm jer betindegi júmaq boldy deushilerding әli kýnge aramyzda bar ekenin joqqa shygharmaymyz. Al shyn mәninde Kenes odaghyndaghy sosializm sonshalyqty ghajayyp qúrylys pa edi? Álem halyqtarynyng barshasy derlik sol maqtauly sosializmnen nege bas tartty? Kóptegen kemshilikterine qaramastan kapitalistik qúrylys nege nyq túr, al sosialistik qúrylys nelikten kýirep qaldy? Sosializm shyn mәninde birjola tarih qoynauyna ketti me, әlde uaqyt óte kele qaytyp ainalyp sogha ma?
Mine, osy jәne basqa da saualdyng tónireginde gazet oqyrmandary oy tolghaydy dep senemiz.

1. ORNATQANYMYZ QAY QOGhAM?

Ótken ghasyrda Kenes ókimeti ornaghangha deyin de, odan keyin de әleumettik-qoghamdyq mәseleler boyynsha da, qoghamdyq qúrylystar jóninde de san qily ghylymiy-teoriyalyq diskussiyalar ótip túrghan. Sonyng biri, 1951 jyly qarasha aiynda Sayasy ekonomiya oqulyghynyng jobasyna baylanysty ekonomikalyq diskussiya. Aytysty IY.Stalinning ózi qorytyndylaghan. Onyng "Ekonomikalyq diskussiyagha qatynasushylargha" degen arnau-aydarmen "KSR Odaghynda sosializmning ekonomikalyq problemalary" atty 100 betten túratyn ghylymiy-teoriyalyq enbegi kelesi 1952 jyly jaryq kórdi.
Sol kitap, mine, aldymda jatyr. Stalin diskussiyany tilge tiyek ete otyryp, sosializmning ekonomikalyq problemalaryn tarau-tarauda taratyp aityp, taldap bergen. Sonymen birge aitysqa qatynasushylardyng әrqaysysyna arnap jauap qaytarghan, qatelikterin óktemdik kórsetpey, obektivti-mәdeniyetti týrde dәleldep kórsetken. Rasynda sayasi-ekonomikalyq diskussiya barysynda da artyq-auyz sózder aitylyp, týrli-týrli pikir tirester bolyp jatatyny, san oilar ortagha salynatyny zandylyq emes pe?!. Batyl, keybireulerge jaghymsyz oy aitudan ýnemi qashqaqtau qoghamdyq oidy daghdarysqa tireytini beseneden belgili.

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M.Gorbachevting ishki ekonomikalyq sayasattaghy biliksizdigi men Elisinning taqqúmarlyq avanturizmi aqyry elimizdegi sosialistik qúrylysty kýiretip tynghany belgili. Elisin preziydenttik taq ýshin, jeke dara biylik ýshin Odaqty da oilanbay qúrbandyqqa shalyp jiberdi. Sonyng arqasynda biz san ghasyrlar boyy armandaghan tәuelsizdikke qol jetkizdik. Birikken Últtar úiymyna mýshe bolyp kirip, egemen el, jeke memleket bolyp, býrkitti kók bayraghymyz jelbiredi.
Mine osy kezde, óz biyligimiz ózimizge tiygen kezde qay jolmen jýruimiz kerektigi jóninde oilanyp-tolghanuymyz kerek edi, baspasózde sayasi-ekonomikalyq aitys úiymdastyrylu kerek edi, halyqpen de aqyldasu kerek edi.
Biraq onday aitysqa ortamyzdan bir de bir akademiyk, sayasattanushy ne sosiolog ghalym suyrylyp shyghyp múryndyq bolmady; memleket basshysy - preziydentimizge keleli kenes beruge jaramady, sóitip jýzdegen ghalymdarymyz sayasi-ekonomiya ghylymynda shala sauatty ekendikterin kórsetti. Onyng aqyry osy kýige jetkizdi. Keri ainalmaydy dep jýrgen tarih donghalaghyn keri ainaldyryp, kapitalistik qogham ornattyq.
Ras, naryq atandyrylghan saudaly ekonomikagha kóshtik, ótpeli kezenderden auyr shyghyndarmen әupirimdep óttik. Ekonomikalyq qiyn daghdarystardy da bastan keshirdik. Býgin ózimiz ghana emes, әlem tamsanghan ghajap sәuletti jana Astana saldyq. Aqyndar ony jyrlauday-aq jyrlap jatyr. El túrmysy onalyp keledi, sanay bastasaq, basqa da jetistikterimiz barshylyq. Ol jetistikterdi basylymdar kýn sayyn jappay jamyray jazyp jatyr. Olardy quana oqyp jatamyz.
Alayda bórkimizdi aspangha ata bermey, barymyzdy aitumen birge joghymyz ben joghaltqan asyldarymyzdy da aitugha, salystyrmaly saraptau jasaugha da tiyispiz. Atap aitar bolsaq, ekonomika jaghynan tabystargha jetkenimizben, әleumettik salalarda joghaltqanymyz sanap tauysqysyz. Ásirese, adamgershilik, әleumettik әdildik atty asyldarymyzdy aqshagha aiyrbastaghanymyz ózegimizdi órteydi. Qylmys degeniniz jýgen-qúryq tiymegen shu asauday auyzdyghymen alysyp, boy bermey basqa shauyp,tóske órlep ketti. Ony auyzdyqtau mýmkin bolmay otyr. Eresek adamdardyng qylmystary az bolghanday, oghan әli kәmiletke tolmaghan jasóspirimder qylmysy qosyldy. Oqushylardyng basbúzar tóbelesterining kóbeyip asqynghany sonsha, qazir mektepterge polisiyanyng kýzet qyzmeti engizildi. Baspasóz betterinen oqushylardyng jaq-jaq tóbelesterinde mert bolghandar turaly oqu ýirenshikti jaytqa ainaldy.
Áleumettik tensizdik shekten shyqty. Bay men kedeyding arasy alshaqtaghany sonshalyq, sanagha sighysyz dengeyge jetti. Baylyghy milliardtap sanalatyn oligarhtar men latifundister atty ýstem tap payda boldy. Olardy ýstem tap demegende ne demekpiz?!
Kópshilik shet elderde, AQSh pen batys memleketterinde bankter nesiyeni 3-4 payyz kóleminde ghana berse, bizding bankir odan 4-5 ese artyq mólsherde berip, qarapayym halyqty tespey soryp, ayausyz qanauda. Sol qanaudyng esebinen bankirlerding bәri - milliarderler. Qazir ipotekamen pәter alghandar zar iylep otyr. 15-20 jyl boyy bankter bergen nesiyesin ýsh ese etip qaytaryp alady eken. Bankter 200 payyz payda tabady. Mysaly, 10 myng dollardy 30 myng etip qaytaryp alady. Bankterge toqtam salyp, elge jany ashyp otyratyn biylik te, ýkimet te, parlament te joq.
Jasyratyny joq, ýkimetimiz jappay qanaugha jol berip otyr. Astana, Almaty qalalarynda ortalyqtan 2 bólmeli pәter jaldaghandar ýy iyesine aiyna 70-75 myng tenge tóleydi. Tapqan aqshalarynyng kóbin pәterge tólep, ózderi qalt-qúlt etip kýn kórip jatady.
Qazaqstan jyl sayyn eginnen milliard pút astyq óndirip, qambalargha sighyza almay jatsa da nan baghasy 50-65 tengeden tómen týspeydi. Avtobustarda jol aqshasy - 60 tenge (Astanada). Mine, búlar qanaudyng naghyz asqynghan ýlgisi. Adamdy adamnyng ayausyz qanauynyng múnday mysaldaryn sanap tauysa almaysyz. Qayda barsang da betimen ketken betsiz baghagha tap bolasyz. Dәri-dәrmekterding baghasyn kórip jaghanyzdy ústaysyz. Qazir qalalarda dәrihana degender attap basqan sayyn aldynnan shyghady. Mysaly, Astanada "Abylayhan" danghyly boyynda Vstrecha atalatyn jerde ainalasy 100-150 metr ghana bolatyn aumaqta 7-8 dәrihana bar. Ortalyq dәri-dәrmek qoymasynan әkeledi de óz baghalaryn qosyp satyp, jatypisherlik tabys kózine ainaldyrghan. Janyng ýshin qymbat bolsa da alasyz. Al tis dәrigerleri tisine qosa ózindi de qan qaqsatady. Halyqty qanauda notariustar da aldyna jan salmaydy. Bәri de óz baghalaryn qoyyp alghan, óz erikteri ózderinde. "Áy deytin aja, qoy deytin qoja" bolmaghan son, әri eldi tonaugha solay erik berip qoyghannan keyin, bagha betimen ketpegende qaytedi. "Qazannan qaqpaq ketken son, itten úyat ketpegende" qaytedi. Al ýkimet basshylary men ministrlerding qaghanaghy qarq, saghanaghy sarq. Aylyq jalaqylary 5-6 myng dollar bolghan son, olardy baghanyng qymbattyghy onsha oilandyra qoymasa kerek. Qazaqstannyng Qarjy ministri Bolat Jәmishevting 2009 jylghy tabysy 10863976 tenge (73 myng AQSh dollary) bolghan. Sonda ay sayyn 900 myng tenge kóleminde jalaqy alyp otyrghan. "Samúryq-Qazyna" әl-auqat qorynyng tóraghasy Qayrat Kelimbetovtyng ótken jylghy jyldyq tabysy 185 myng dollardy qúraghan.
Mine, bizde ornatylghan kapitalizmning kelbeti men siqy osynday. Adamgershilik pen әleumettik әdildik, qanaghat atty qasiyetter kereksiz bolyp, olardyng ornyn tek tenge men dollar, evrolar basty. Búl ornatqanymyz qoghamdyq qúrylystyng qanday týri? Kapitalizm bolsa, onyng qay satysy? Osy qalpynda túra bermek pe? Álde kelesi satysyna kóshemiz be? Kelesi satysy bolsa, ol qanday bolu kerek? Endi osy súraqtargha sayasattanushy ghalymdar, sayasatker-qogham qayratkerleri, filosoftar jauap beruleri kerek emes pe! Olardyng ýnsiz jatqandary qalay? Baspasóz betterinde osy mәseleler jóninde pikir aitystar óristemese, qogham órge basa ala ma?
Elimizde býgingi qalyptasqan qogham - auyzsha aitylyp jýrgendey, jabayy kapitalizm. Kapitalizmning qazirgi jabayy týrinen onyng órkendegen, adamy pishindi satysyna qashan kóshemiz, oghan jetuge neshe jyl kerek? Álde onyng osy satysynda otyra beremiz be? Eger ony órkendeter bolsaq, qalay órkendetemiz, qalay ondaymyz? Qanday týzetuler engizemiz? Qarapayym halyqty qanay berudi qalay toqtatamyz? Onyng qanday joly, mýmkindikteri bar? Sosialistik prinsipterding bәrinen birdey bas tartyp mansúqtamay, ótkenning bәrinen bezbey mәngilik qúndylyqtaryn saqtap qaluymyz kerek emes pe!?
Mine, osy súraqtar men mәseleler jóninde keng kólemde salmaqty ghylymiy-teoriyalyq diskussiya ashuymyz kerek. Sonyng mezgili jetti. Ashyghyn aitayyq, qazir ghylymdardyng ishinde sayasi-ekonomiya ghylymy men әleumettanu, qoghamtanu ghylymdary toqyraugha úshyrap túr deuge bolady. Ghalymdardyng ýnderi shyqpaydy, endi olardyng óz oilaryn ortagha salularyn súrayyq.

2. SOSIALIZMNEN BAS TARTQANYMYZ JÓN BE EDI?

Endi sosiolog jazushy retinde jәne әdebiyet synshysy retinde (әdebiyet synshysy - qogham synshysy da) jogharyda ózim kóterip qozghau salyp otyrghan mәseleler tónireginde óz-payymdarymdy ortagha salayyn. Basshylarymyz da, basqalarymyz da eng aldymen basy ashyq bir shyndyqty moyyndauymyz kerek. Naryqtyq ekonomikagha barar joldy izdeude izdenis tanytpay, qiyn týiindi sheshude bas auyrtyp jatpay, soltýstiktegi kórshiden kózsiz kóshirip ala saldyq. Kóshiruding de kóshirui bar. Eger esepti dúrys sheshken adamnan keshirsek, oqasy joq. Biraq kórshi esebining birinen song birin qate shygharyp, shatysyp jatqanyn kýnde kózben kórip otyryp kóshirdik-au. Qanday ókinish, qanday bilmestik!
Al irgemizde naryqtyq ekonomikagha bizden on jyl búryn kirisip jәne sәtti qadam jasap, sharuasyn týzep alghan sosialistik el - úly Qytay túrdy. Olar sosializmnen bas tartpay, kapitalizmning milliondary men milliardtaryna kózderin satyp qyzyqpay, qytaylyq jol dep atalyp, Álem tanyp moyyndaghan sara jol saldy. Sosializm besjyldyqtarynda qol jetken qúndylyqtardy, sosialistik sananyng asa baghaly baylyqtaryn batystyng kózdi arbaghan jyltyraqtaryna aiyrbastamady; sosializmdi satpady. Ony biz siyaqty qoldan qiratyp talqandamay, jetildirudin, kemshilikterin týzeudin, jaqsartudyng amalyn tapty.

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Qytaylyqtar sosializmdi nege satpady? Onyng nesine qyzyghyp qimay, kapitalizmge aiyrbastamay otyr? Mәselening mәni osynda. Olar sosializmning nesimen qymbat ekenin bile bildi, aiyra bildi. Bir milliardtan astam halqy bar Qytay ýshin sosializm men kapitalizmning qaysysy tiyimdi ekenin aqylgha salyp, dúrys sheshimge keldi.
Qazirgi kapitalizm materialdyq baylyghymen qúndy, al sosializm sanadaghy baylyghymen baghaly. Ol baylyq - qauymshyldyq, qoghamshyldyq, asa baydy múrat tútpaytyn qanaghatshyldyq, qarapayymdylyq qasiyetter. Sosializmde sanada ghana emes, materialdyq túrmysta da artyqshylyq bar. Ol artyqshylyq - "qoghamdaghy barsha adam múqtajsyz ómir sýru ýshin, eshkimde de shamadan tys baylyq bolmauy kerek", degen Jan Jak Russo tendigining túrmysta jýzege asuy; ertengi kýnge alandamaushylyq; isher as, kiyer kiyimning arzandyghy, júmyssyzdyqtyng bolmauy; baylyq pen kedeylikting ara qashyqtyghynyng tym alshaq emestigi. Mysaly, bizde KSRO-da ministrlerding jalaqysy 400-450 som shamasynda bolsa, ózgelerding orta enbekaqysy 120-160 som mólsherinde boldy. Tipti, túrmystyng arzandyghy sonday, 80-100 som tómen jalaqymen adamdar kóshten qalmay, tamaghy toq, kóilegi kók ghúmyr keshti. Amerika jәne batys elderinde mýldem baspanasyz, kóshede týnep jýretin adamdar bolady degenge sener-senbesimizdi bilmey kýletinbiz. Býginde sol bomjdar qalalarymyzdyng bәrinde qaptap ketti. Jesir әielder, jalghyz basty analar balalaryn kem qylmay baghyp-qaghyp ósirip, oqytyp, qatargha qosyp jatty. Búl keshegi kýnning shyndyghy. Keshe bolghanda da kýni keshegi 1970 - 90 jyldardyng shyndyghy.
Qytaylyqtardyng danalyqtary sol - óz baqtaryn basqa teppey, baghalay bildi. Basqa jolgha týsse elde haos ornaytynyn, millionerler bolamyz dep jýrip qayyrshylyqqa úshyrap qalatyndyqtaryn sezdi. At tóbelindey adamdardyng millioner bolghanynan, jalpy halyqtyng Russo tendigimen qonyrqay bolsa da, qamsyz ghúmyr keshkeni әldeqayda artyq dep sanady. Túrmystaghy baylyq aldamshy, sanadaghy baylyq naghyz bayandy baylyq ekenin bildi. Sóitip dana halyq danalyghyn istedi. Tәnir de olargha bolysyp, Den Syao Pin siyaqty danany Mao tyrnaghynan aman saqtap, syigha tartty.
Sosializm jýk tiyelgen sostav desek, biz soghan osy uaqytqa deyin parovoz jegip, jýrisin tejep keldik, sóitip toqyraugha úshyradyq. Parovozymyz - jalaqy tengermeshiligi men bastamashyl-janashyldardy qoldau ornyna qughyn - sýrginge úshyratyp, qysymshylyq kórsetu edi. Sosializmning algha jyljuyn osy eki faktor qatty tejedi, ayaghyn algha bastyrmay qoydy. Tipti, "inisiativa - nakazuema" degen mәtel payda body. Sol sebepti adamdar janashyl bolyp, suyrylyp algha týsip, janyn ortagha salyp júmys isteuge yntaly bolmady. Enbekkerler ortasha enbek etip, ortasha jalaqy alyp jan qinamay jýrgendi jón kórdi. Janashyldar men ónertapqyshtardyng bastamalary men tehnikalyq janalyqtary elenbegendikten, tehnologiya batystan kóp artta qaldy, enbek ónimdiligi tómen boldy.
Biraq búl sosializmning kemshiligi emes, memleket pen ýkimet basshylarynyng bilmestigi emes pe. Eger bizdegi enbekaqydaghy tengermeshildikti batystaghy kapitalistik qoghamda qoldansa, sóz joq, olar da kóp úzamay toqyraugha úshyraghan bolar edi. Endeshe sosializmning "Árkimning enbegine qaray" degen basty prinsiypine mýldem say kelmeytin, memleket basshylarynyng ýkimet basqarudaghy jibergen óreskel tengermeshilik qatesi ýshin sosializmdi sotqa tartyp, dargha asugha bola ma?
Bizdegi sosialistik ekonomika men batystaghy kapitalistik ekonomikanyng beybit jarysynda kapitalister ozyp ketse, onyng sebebi sosialistik jýiening jamandyghynan, ómir sýruge qabiletsizdiginen emes-ti. Negizgi kinә toqyrau jyldarynyng toghyshar basshylarynda, solardyng solaqay basqaru әdisinde edi. Sosialistik jýieni emes, sol jýiening ayaghyna tejeu-oralghy bolghan, onyng ilgeri basqan ayaghyn keri tartyp jýrgen basqaru jýiesin reformalap ózgertu, jetildiru kerek-ti.
KSRO basshylary aldymen ózderi iydeyalyq jәne moralidyq toqyraugha úshyrady. Astamshylyq dertine shaldyqty. Eski gvardiya sol aurularynan aqyry aiygha almay ketti. Brejnev pen Chernenko eldi aljyghansha basqardy. Olar sosializmdi is jýzinde kemeldendiru ornyna sóz jýzinde ghana "kemeldendirdi". Shamalary soghan ghana jetti...
Ýkimet basyna seksendegi selkildegender ornyna er jasyndaghy M.Gorbachev komandasy keldi. Olar sosializmdi sóz jýzinde ghana emes, is jýzinde kemeldendiruge shyn niyetterimen-aq kiristi. Biraq Gorbachevting bar aqyl-oyy, barlyq kýsh-jigeri syrtqy sayasatqa júmsaldy. Onda býkil әlem moyyndaghan tamasha tabystargha jetti. Atom apatynyng aldyn alyp, adamzatqa tynysh úiqy syilady. Osy enbegi ýshin ghana onyng barlyq qatelikterin keshirip, kózi tirisinde eskertkish ornatugha bolady.
Alayda, ókinishke qaray, Gorbachev komandasynan elding qisayghan ekonomikasyn týzep, jana jolgha salatyn, sosializmdi is jýzinde jetildirip, kemeldendire alatyn iri túlghaly bir qayratker shyqpady. E.Gaydar, A.Yavlinskiy siyaqty jas ekonomist-reformatorlardyng bar nazary Batysta boldy. Kemeldengen kapitalizmning syrtqy kórik-kelbeti, ishki saltanaty, bay túrmysy olardyng aqyl-oyyn arbap tastaghan edi. Kapitalizm ózining ómir jolyn bastaghan alghashqy jýz jyldyq kezeninde býgingi bizding kýiimizdey kýy keship, jabayy, túrpayy týrde bolghanyn eshkim eskermedi. Kóbimiz ýshin Batys kapitalizmi qazirgi kýiinde dýniyege kelgendey bolyp kórindi. Eger sol jolgha týssek, bizde de sonday shalqyghan túrmys ornay qalatyn sekildendi. Kapitalizmning jaqsysynan jamany búryn keletinin boljamday almadyq.
Afrikanyng savannalarynda su izdep, bir jerden ekinshi jerge kóshken búghy, maral, elikter sonynan qalmay arystan, jolbarys, giyena siyaqty jyrtqyshtar eredi de otyrady. Bizde tipti kapitalizm ornamay jatyp, onyng alghashqy kooperativteri payda boluy múng eken, "reket" dep atalatyn soyqan sodyrlar qaptap, tús-tústan, tasa-tasadan andyzdap shygha keldi. Júmyssyzdyq, qymbatshyldyq, qayyrshylyq, qaghynghan qaraqshylyq, betimen ketken bagha, jeng úshynan jalghasu, zandastyrylghan alypsatarlyq, alayaqtyq jolmen ban, qorlyq, zorlyq, halyqtyng kópshiligining kýrt kedeylenui, әleumettik tensizdik, әdiletsizdik... taghysyn-taghylar qaptady.
Sóitip, baqytsyz kenes adamdary taghy da taghdyr tәlkegine týsti. Bir kezde jappay kollektivtendiru qanday qúrbandyqtarmen jýrgizilse, bizdegi qayta jekeshelendiru de sonday qúrbandyqtarmen jýzege asyryldy. Onda kulaktar men baylar tap retinde joyylyp, baylyqtary kedeylerge tartyp әperildi. Al búl joly kerisinshe boldy. Oilap otyrsaq, aqylgha syimaytyn orasholaq sayasat jýrgizilgen eken. Álemning altydan bir bóligin alyp jatqan alyp elde, onyng qúramyndaghy 15 respublikada 70 jyl ómir sýrgen qoghamdyq qúrylys býtindey 180 gradusqa ózgertildi. Ony ózgertkender Yavlinskiy, Gaydar, Chubays siyaqty jas teoretik ekonomister. Olardyng isterine yza bolghan sol kezdegi parlament spiykeri Hasbulatovtyng bir sózinde "boqmúryndar" dep sógis aitqany bar.
Sonda sosialistik qoghamymyzdyng sayasatshylary, ghalymdary qayda qalghan? Tipti, jan tәsilim aldynda túyaq serpuge de jaramaghandary ma? Jariyalylyq zamany ornap, baspasóz bostandyq alghan kezde elimizde sosializmdi joyyp, kapitalistik qoghamdy qayta ornatudyng oryndy-orynsyzdyghy jóninde eshkimning jaq ashpay, aitys-pikir bolmaghany qalay? Toqyrau jyldarynyng sayasy sanany, ghylymy aqyl-oydy da túsap, bas kótertpey túralatyp tastaghany ma? Áytpese, 70 jyl ózimiz ómir sýrgen sosialistik qogham kenes adamdaryna týk bermedi dep, bәrin joqqa shygharyp, auzymyzdy qu shóppen sýrtuimiz jón be, әdildik pe?
Shynynda, sosialistik qoghamymyzdyng aiyby tolyq dәleldenbedi.
Ýkim әdiletsiz shygharyldy. Sosializm ornatu barysynda onyng negizgi qaghidalary saqtaldy ma?
- Saqtalmasa, sosializmning qanday prinsipteri qalay búzyldy? Qay kezde, kim búzdy?
- Eger sosializm prinsipteri bilmestikpen nemese qasaqana búzylsa, oghan sosializm aiypty ma?
- Bizding elde demokratiya bolmady. Biraq sosializm men demokratiya syiyspaydy, bir-birine jat dep kim aitypty?
- Sosializmde jariyalylyq, baspasóz bostandyghy bolmaydy dep qay jerde jazylypty?
- Sosializmnen naryqqa aparatyn joldy izdep, talpynys jasadyq pa?
- Kooperativter men jeke kәsiporyndar iyelerining ne isteymin, qalay isteymin dese de óz erikterinde. Al sonday qúqyqty memlekettik zavod-fabrikalar men kolhoz-sovhozdardyng diyrektorlary men basqarmalaryna berip kórdik pe?
Sosializmdi sottap, ony ólim jazasyna búiyrmas búryn, jogharydaghy súraqtargha jauap alu kerek edi. Jariyalylyqty jariyalay otyryp, onday ashyq sot prosesi bolghan joq. Jәne sosializmdi syrttay, jasyryn sottap ýkim shyghardy. Ádette qoghamgha qúrylghan sotty zangerler, sayasattanushylar, sayasatshylar jýrgizer edi. Al bizde sotty qogham damuynyng zandylyqtarynan habary joq, shala bilimdi ekonomister jýrgizdi.
"At shappaydy, bap shabady". Eger dúrys baptalmay, teri alynbay, jaratylmay qosylghan at bәigede ozyp kelmese, oghan at kinәli me, әlde iyesi kinәli me? Bizding elimizdegi sosializm de sonday baby bolmaghan at sekildi. Ony 70 jyl boyy kim minbedi?! Leninnen keyin ony otyz jyl boyy etikshi minip, әbden jauyr qyldy. At emes jer betindegi býkil adamzattyng zәresin úshyratyn, úiqysynan shoshytyp oyatatyn qúbyjyqqa ainaldyrdy. Odan keyin shahter minip, biraz jauyryn jazyp, jaralaryn emdep bәigege qayta qospaqshy boldy. Qayta búrynghydan da beter siqyn búzdy. Qysqasy, Sәken sipattaghan "Qyzyl atqa" minbegen adam qalmady. Ókinishke qaray, ishterinen Aqanday bir atbegi shyqpady. "Er arysa - aruaq, at arysa - tulaq". Aqyry, mine, tórt ayaghynan túralatyp, kóterem etip tastady.
Sosializmdi búlaysha jerleuge moralidyq qaqymyz joq-ty. Halyqpen ghana emes, tipti, adamzatpen aqyldasuymyz, әlemdik pikir-aytys ótkizuimiz kerek edi. Nege deseniz, qansha kemshiligi, jetimsizdigi bolghanymen, biz qúrghan sosializm býkil adamzatqa ortaq-ty. Óitkeni, sosialistik qogham sonau Sokrat, Platon zamanynan bergi adamzattyng myn-myng jyldyq asyl armany, tarih ananyn, uaqyttyng perzenti bolatyn. Ol bir elde ghana emes, jarty әlemge qanat jaydy. Sosialistik lageri elderi KSRO-daghy 15 respublikamen qosyp eseptegende otyzgha juyqtady. Qazir de Qytay, Kuba, Albaniya, Soltýstik Koreya, Vietnam biz siyaqty sosializmnen mýldem bas tartqan joq. Ony jetildirudin, damytudyng joldaryn izdestirude. Qytay ol joldy tapty da.
Sosializmning eng basty túrmystyq prinsipterining birin Jan Jak Russo aityp ketkenin jogharyda keltirdik. Russonyng búl oiynyng jýzege asuy feodaldyq qoghamda qanday mýmkin bolmaghan bolsa, kapitalistik qoghamda da sonshalyqty mýmkin emes. Búl túrmys prinsiypining tek sosialistik qoghamda ghana mýmkin bolyp, birshama jýzege asqany belgili. Kenes halqy, әsirese, 1960-1990 jyldar aralyghynda, otyz jyl boyy túrmys tauqymetin tartpay, tarshylyq kórmey toqshylyqta, barshylyqta ómir sýrdi. Tamaq toq, kóilek kók boldy. Eki ýiding birinde avtomashina bolmasa alugha qarjy tappaghandyqtan emes, avtozavodtar jetkilikti etip shygharyp ýlgere almay jatty. Avtomashinagha degen kezegin júrt jyldar boyy kýtetin. Avtomashinadan búryn bizdegi eng qiyn túrghyn ýy problemasy boldy. Degenmen, ol mәsele de kezegimen sheshilip jatatyn-dy. Qysqasy, Jan Jak Russo aitqanday bizde qajetti nәrseler jetkilikti edi. Al avtomashinalar men asyl jihazdardy sәn-saltanatqa jatqyzsa da bolar. Tomas Mordyng iydealdy qoghamynda adamdar sәn-saltanat, baylyq qumaydy. Adamnyng kýndelikti túrmysyna onsha qajeti shamaly, olarsyz da uayym-qayghysyz ómir sýruge bolatyn maqtanshaqtyq, saltanattyq qana qyzmet atqaratyn artyq zattar men búiymdar shygharugha tyryspaydy. Soghan ketetin uaqytty ónerge, ghylymgha, maghynaly demalysqa, jan men tәndi jetildiruge, shynyqtyrugha júmsaghandy jón dep biledi. Olar adamnyng dýniyege kelip, jaralghandaghy negizgi maqsat-múraty materialdyq iygilikterdi kóp óndirip, jinap, solardy qyzyqtap otyru emes dep esepteydi.
Sanagha salyp salmaqtap, aqylgha salyp oilap otyrsaq netken danyshpandyq, danalyq pikirler. Shynynda adamnyng qamshynyng sabynday qysqa ghúmyrynda dýniye-mýlikke qazirgidey sonshama qyzyghyp, qúnyghyp, solardy óndiruge, jasaugha, tabugha altyn uaqyttardy sarp etuding qajeti bar ma? Óndiris tauarlary dýkenderine kirseniz qanshama ómirge, túrmysqa qajeti shamaly zattardyng shygharylyp syqap túrghanyn kóresiz. Olardy óndiruge qanshama shiykizattar, adamdardyng qanshama qymbat uaqyty, satyp alugha qanshama qarjy bosqa júmsalyp jatady desenizshi! Qysqasy, qazirgi adamdar óz ómirlerin ózderi kýrdelendirip, óz túrmystaryn ózderi qiyndatyp jiberip otyr. Kiyimge de, әshekey-ýshekeylerge de toyymymyz joq. Sәn-saltanatqa, dýniyege toyymsyzdyq, әsirese kapitalistik qoghamgha tәn qasiyet. Kapitalizmning ómirlik basty prinsiypi - jan talasa baiy. Jәne bayyghan ýstine bayy beru. Kapitalister býgin millioner bolsa, erteng milliarder boludy ansaydy. Al bir adamgha, bir janúyagha sonshama sheksiz baylyqtyng keregi, qajeti qansha? Erteng sonyng birin de kórine birge әkete almaydy. Jan Jak Russo sol sebepti de qoghamdaghy barsha adam múqtajsyz ómir sýrui ýshin eshkimde de shamadan tys baylyq bolmauy kerek deydi.
Bizding elimizde ornaghan sosialistik qoghamda osy prinsip jýzege asty dep aita alsaq kerek. Ras, qarapayym halyqqa qaraghanda, ýkimet basshylary, ministrler, basqa da bastyqtar әldeqayda jaqsy, auqatty túrdy. Biraq kapitalister siyaqty úshaqtary, jeke aqjelken kemeleri, shekten tys baylyqtary, kassalarda milliondaghan som aqshalary bolghan joq. Kenes adamdarynyng boyynda qanaghatshyldyq psihologiya qalyptasty. Qansha degenmen, kommunistik tәrbie dep atalghan 70 jyldyq ýgit-nasihat әser etip, adamdar baidy múrat tútpady. Újymshyldyq, qoghamshyldyq asyl qasiyetter kenes adamdarynyng qanyna sindi.
Mine, búlardy sosializmning jemisi, әleumettik tabysy emes dep joqqa shygharugha bola ma? Bolmaydy.
Kapitalistik sana men sosialistik sananyng aiyrmashylyghy jer men kóktey. Adamzat ózining tarihy damuynda erte me, kesh pe, әiteuir qauymshyldyq sana biyleytin túrmysta - Russo tendigi, ómirde - әleumettik әdildik ornaytyn qogham qúrady. Ol qogham qalay atalady, mәsele onda emes. Jer qoynauyndaghy tabighat baylyqtarynyng shekteuliligi, olardyng qazirgi rәsua bolyp, jyldar ótken sayyn azayyp jatqany, tipti, bara-bara tausylatyny kapitalistik sanamen mәngi ómir sýruge mýmkindik bermeydi. Al kapitalistik sana azshylyqtyng milliardtary men milliondaryn kópshilikpen beybitshilikpen bólisuge jibermeydi. Sóitip birshama uaqyt tynyshtyqta beybit ómir sýrgen eki sana qaytadan aqyrghy aiqasqa shyghady. Adamzat bolashaghy qauymshyldyq sana biyleytin, Russo tendigi ornaytyn qogham desek, oghan qazirgi qalyptasqan kapitalistik sana men sosialistik sananyng qaysysynan tóte jol shyghatyny ózinen-ózi týsinikti. Olay bolsa, sol qazaqtyng tabighatynda búrynnan bar qauymshyldyq sosialistik sanany joyyp, basymyzgha qaytadan kapitalistik sanany sinirip búzyluymyzdyn, orta joldan keri oraluymyzdyng jóni qaysy? Sosialistik sanany óshiruge de, óltiruge de tiyisti emespiz. Oghan uaqytsha tyiym salugha bolar, biraq ony joi, adamzatqa úmyttyru mýmkin emes.
Qazaqstanda bir mynnan astam ghylym doktorlary bar eken. Olardyng ishinde iydeolog sayasatshylar, politologtar, sosiologtar, filosoftar az emes ekeni anyq. Adamzat sanasy men qogham damuynyng zandylyqtary negizinde bolashaqty boljamdaugha, mynau aumaly-tókpeli kezendegi sayasatqa sol ghalymdarymyzdan at salyspay, óz kózqarastaryn bildirmey ýnsiz jatqan salghyrttyqtary, prinsipsizdikteri týsiniksiz. Olardyng jan dauystary shyghatyn kezenge keldik, biraq jay dauystary da shyqpaydy.
Qazaqstan tәuelsizdik alyp jeke memleket bolghanda, qoghamdyq oidyng úiyqtap jatqany qalay? Aldymyzda san tarau jol jatyr. Evropalyq, qytaylyq, týriktik, islamdyq, taghy basqa taram-taram joldardyng qaysysyn tandaymyz? Qaysysyna týskenimiz jón? Álde tek bireuine ghana týsip ketpey, әrqaysysynyng jaqsylyqtaryn iriktep, súryptap alyp qorytyp, "Qazaqstandyq jol" atalatyn jana jol salamyz ba?
Kapitalizmdi qazaqqa kýshtep tanyp últymyzgha ýlken orny tolmas tarihy zor qiyanat jasaldy. Kapitalizm qazaq halqynyng tabighatymen qabyspaydy. Qazaq - tabighatynan kópshil, qauymshyl halyq. Tughan halqymyzdyng qúday bergen darhandyq qasiyetin qoldan qúrtyp -joyyp, tabighatyn ózgertip, oghan Batys psihologiyasyn japsyryp jatyrmyz. Sonyng saldarynan qazaqtar ózimizdi ózimiz tanudan qalyp baramyz.
Búlardy bylay qoyghanda, sosializm "Ózim tughyzdym, ózim óltiremin" dep Taras Buliba aitqanday, bizding elding ghana menshigi emes-ti. Sosializm - jer ýstindegi barsha adamzat menshigi, tarih perzenti. Sosializm iydeyasynyng avtory utopist sosialister men Marks, Engelis, Leninder ghana emes. Sosializm iydeyasy әruaqytta әdildik izdeumen, ansaumen jýretin adamzattyng ózimen birge myn-myndaghan jyldar boyy mәngi birge jasasyp keledi.
Kóz aldymyzda tarihy qylmys jasaldy. Atalarymyz ben analarymyz qandaryn tógip kýresip dýniyege әkelgen, ayalap, әlpeshtep ósirip jetkizgen perzentin býgingi úrpaq asqan qatygezdikpen ólimge qiyp otyrmyz.
Adamzat tarihy aldynda bizding bir ghana, jalghyz ghana qúqymyz bar-dy. Ol sosializmdi tek jetildiru; kemeline keltire almasaq ta kelesi úrpaqqa jaqsartyp jetkizu. Ony sottap qúrtugha bizding esh qaqymyz joq-ty.
Qytaylyqtar Maodan qútylghannan keyin sosializmdi jetildiruding tetikterin tez tauyp, oghan ne kedergi bolyp otyrghanyn seze qoydy. Jerdi sharualargha arendagha ýlestirip berdi. Óndiris salalary men ónerkәsipte, saudada inisiativagha erkindik berip, jalaqy tengermeshiligin joydy. Qalada da, dalada da memlekettik baqylaudy qoldan shygharmay, eshkimdi aua jayyltpady; baghany betimen jibermedi.
Memlekettik baqylau, baghany betimen jibermeu degenimiz - eshkimge erkindik bermeu degen sóz emes, ishki ekonomikada óz halqyndy ózing tonamau, alypsatar alayaqtargha tonattyrmau degen sóz. Al Polisha men Reseydin, Elisinning sonynan elpildep ergen Qazaqstandaghy es tandyru terapiyasy, jekeshelendiru men betimen ketken bagha halyqty shyn mәninde esinen tandyryp esengiretip tastady. Sóitip jogharyda jazghanymyzday, qarapayym halyq eki jaqty, ýsh jaqty, tipti jan-jaqty qanaugha úshyrady. Áli de úshyrap otyr.
Týiindey kelgende, jogharyda kóterilgen mәseleler men qoyylghan saual-súraqtar boyynsha joghary dengeyde, keng kólemde ghylymiy-teoriyalyq diskussiya ashayyq; qoghamdyq qúrylystardyng satylary, sol qoghamdy, memleketti basqarushylardyng qogham mýsheleri aldyndaghy jauapkershilikteri men mindetteri, ghylymy oidyng qazirgi hali jónindegi pikir-payymdarymyzdy ortagha salayyq demekpiz.

Júma-Nazar SOMJÝREK, Qazaqstan Jazushylar odaghynyng mýshesi

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