N. I. VESELOVSKIY

Aqqan júldyz

N. I. VESELOVSKIY

Aqqan júldyz

Qyrghyz handarynyng úrpaghy jәne orys armiyasynyng ofiyseri Shoqan Shynghysúly Uәlihanov shyghystanu kóginen qúiryqty júldyzday aghyp ótti. Orys shyghystanushylary ony bir auyzdan erekshe qúbylys dep moyyndap, bolashaqta týrki halyqtarynyng taghdyry turaly úly jәne manyzdy janalyqtar ashady dep ýmittengen edi, biraq Shoqannyng mezgilsiz dýnie saluy bizdi búl ýmitten aiyryp otyr. Ol 30-gha da tolmastan ókpe auruynan qaytys boldy. Batys Sibir general-gubernatory Gasfort Uәlihanovtyng airyqsha qabiletti ekenin bayqap, onyng ghylymmen ainalysuyna barynsha jaghday jasady jәne ghylym әlemine tamasha nәtiyje әkelgen Qashghar saparyna baruyna jәrdemdesti. Uәlihanov Qashghardan oralghan kezde Gasfort sapardyng esebin retteuge ózi qatysyp, keyinnen Uәlihanovqa Peterborgha baryp keluine jaghday jasady. Qashghar sapary turaly jazbalar osy tamasha adamnyng negizgi aituly enbegin qúraydy; qalghan maqalalarynyng basym kópshiligi tolyq ayaqtalmaghan nemese kirispe kýiinde qalghan jәne búl maqalalardyng deni qoljazba emes, ózgelerding kóshirmesi retinde saqtalghan1*1. Qoljazbany kóshirushi óz tapsyrmasyn mýltiksiz oryndady deuge kelmeydi, Uәlihanovtyng jazuy óte týsiniksiz bolghandyqtan, qaytalap kóshirude bos qalghan jerler kóp nemese sózderding maghynasy búrmalanghan, al avtor nege ekeni belgisiz, týzetuler jasamaghan. Degenmen de, Uәlihanovtyng barlyq izdenisterining manyzy sonshalyq, Orys geografiyalyq zertteu qoghamy 1867 jyldyng 24 sәuiri kýngi mәjilisinde Sh. Sh. Uәlihanovtyng sonynda qalghan barlyq múralaryn basyp shygharudy úighardy. Búl sheshim sol kezde jýzege aspay, Uәlihanovtyng óndeluge tiyis biraz maqalalary әrkimning qolynda ketti. Mәselen, V. V. Grigorievting qaghazdarynyng arasynan, men Shoqannyng eki dәpterin taptym, bireui Edige turaly qyrghyz anyzy, ekinshisi - onyng yqshamdalghan oryssha audarmasy*2.

1887 jyly G. N. Potanin Uәlihanov shygharmalaryn basyp shygharu turaly mәseleni qayta kóterdi jәne dala general-gubernatory G. A. Kolpakovskiy baspagha qajetti qarjy jayyn qarastyrugha kelisim berdi*3. Biraq Kolpakovskiy kóp keshikpey Peterborgha qyzmetke auysyp, búl mәsele taghy toqtap qaldy. Sol kezde G. N. Potanin menen Uәlihanovtyng jaryq kóruge tiyis jinaghyna redaksiya jasauymdy jәne baspager tabuymdy ótindi. Óz júmysym qiyn bolsa da, búl isting jenil emestigine qaramastan, Shoqan Uәlihanov aruaghynyng rizalyghy ýshin jәne shyghystanugha ýles bolsyn dep bas tartpay, onyng jazbalaryn qarap shyghugha kelistim. Búl júmys men oilaghannan da kýrdeli bolyp shyqty. Ókinishke qaray, G. N. Potanin maghan týpnúsqamen salystyrylmaghan kóshirmeni beripti, al olardyng birazynyng týpnúsqasyn tabu mýmkin bolmady2.

Keyinnen, Potanin myrza arqyly Uәlihanovtyng bastapqy jazbalaryn aldym. Ony K. K. Gutkovskiyding qyzy K. K. Gutkovskayadan aldym.

Mening ótinishim boyynsha G. N. Potanin men N. M. Yadrinsev Shoqan Uәlihanov turaly estelik jazdy. Sonday-aq, mening qolyma onyng otandasy, Týrkistan ólkesinde qyzmet etken jәne 1891 jyly Resey konsuly qyzmetinde jýrip Djidda3 qalasynda  tyrysqaq auruynan dýnie salghan I. I. Ibragimovtyng esteligi týsti. Uәlihanovty jaqsy biletin S. Ya. Kapustin búl basylymnan bólek, ózinshe onyng tolyq ómirbayanyn jazyp shyqpaq oiy bolghan, biraq onda Uәlihanov turaly esh maghlúmat aitylmaghan, kirispe sózben ghana shektelipti*4.

Orys geografiyalyq qoghamynyng kenesi, mening mәlimdememnen keyin Uәlihanovtyng shygharmalar jinaghyn basugha qajet qarajatty bóluge sheshim qabyldady, solaysha men baspa isine kiristim. Biraq meni óte qynjyltqan jaghday: Uәlihanovtyng negizgi júmysy «1858-59 jyldardaghy Altyshar nemese Qytay provinsiyasy Nan-Ludyng (Kishi Búhar) alty shyghystyq qalasynyng jaghdayy turaly» dep atalatyn maqalasynyng týpnúsqasyn ala almadym, búl maqala qoghamnyng «Jazbalarynda» úqypsyz redaksiyalanghan, óte kóp qate ketken. Tek maqalany teru kezinde men Uәlihanovtyng Syrtqy ister ministrligi múraghatynda saqtalghan esebimen tanysu mýmkindigine ie boldym. Esep kóshirmeshi qolymen jazylghan, key jerlerine Uәlihanov ózi týzetu engizgen.

Búl mәtinning osy tomdaghy barlyq kýmәndi tústaryn men bólek ornalastyrdym (398-403 bb.), qalghan qosymshalar ózgerissiz berildi.

Búl ghasyrdaghy Shyghys Týrkistan turaly bizding maghlúmattarymyz negizinen ol jaqqa baryp kelgen sibirlik kópester arqyly jinaldy. Osy saladaghy eng tamasha enbek bizding kazak korpusynda qyzmet etken qyrghyz súltany Uәlihanovtyng enbegi bolyp tabylady. 50-jyldardyng basynda ol Shyghys Týrkistangha saudager retinde baryp biraz qoljazba jinady. Ol Shyghys Týrkistan bolyp sanalatyn Jonghariya men Altyshardyng (Alty qala) sipattamasyn jasady. Búl enbek 1861 jyly jaryq kórgen «Geografiyalyq qogham jazbalarynda» jariyalanghan.