«Erkek toqty – qúrbandyq»...

Ótken ghasyrdyng basyndaghy jappay qughyn-sýrgin jyldary qazaq dýniyetanymyndaghy osy sózding maghynasy kәdimgidey ózgerdi. Qazaq analary, әieli, balasy da qan sasyghan sayasattyng qúrbanyna op-onay ainalghanyn osy kýni bәrimiz de bildik qoy. ÚQK múraghaty qyzmetkerimen әngime barysynda bala-shaghasy ashtan ólmeui ýshin egis dalasynan bir uys biday alyp, sonysy «әshkere bolyp», «Kenes ókimeti ekonomikasyna zalal keltirgen ziyankes» retinde aidalyp, qamalghan qanshama analar, әielder taghdyrynyng obaly jýiening moynynda ketkenin aittyq. Odan ózge, «Halyq jaularynyn» jary, balasy bolghany ýshin Sibirding suyghyna denesin tondyryp, Qaraghandy dalasyndaghy lagerde azap shekkender sany qanshama? 1921-54 jyldary Qazaqstanda 100 mynnan asa adam repressiyagha úshyrap, 25 mynnan asa adam eng auyr jaza – atu jazasyna kesilgen degen derek bar. Qazaqstandaghy NKVD qyzmeti 183 úiymdy «әshkerelep», jalpy sany 3720 «tynshylardy» tapqan...

Bizding әngimemiz, sol alasapyran uaqyttyng qúrbany bolghan, eng auyr jaza – atu jazasy ýkim etilgen әiel adamdar turaly.

IYә, «Erkek toqty – qúrbandyq» dýniyetanymy ózgergen uaqytta, әiel zaty da, «halyq jauy» dep tanylyp, ózgelerdi ulamau ýshin «atu jazasyna» kesilipti.

Sonymen, mәlimetterding úzyn yrghasyn bilu ýshin «Stalindik qughyn-sýrgin zamanynda ýshtikting ýkimimen atu jazasyna kesilgen qazaq әielderining deregin súrap» ÚQK-ge hat jónelttik. Bizge kelgen jauap hatta «1993 jylghy 14 sәuirdegi «Jalpy sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn aqtau turaly» Qazaqstan Respublikasy Zanynyng 16-shy babyna sәikes, Sh.Shonanova, T.Sýleymenova, M.Tanatovalardy aiyptau boyynsha qylmystyq istermen (prosessualdy emes qújattarmen) Departamentting (Almaty qalasyndaghy) qabyldau bólmesinde tanysa alatynymyz» jóninde habarlama aldyq...

Tóre túqymy

«Han balasynyng moynynda qazaqtyng ótelmegen qaqysy bar edi, sony aqtaugha tyrysam, qazaqqa qaytsem de qyzmet qylam» degen Álihan Bókeyhan múratyn súltan túqymy, tekti tóre qyzy Shahzada Shonanova ómirining temirqazyghy qylugha úmtylghanday bolyp kórinedi bizge.

ÚQK múraghatyndaghy № 06007 is Shonanova Shahzadagha arnalghan. Shahzada Shonanova – ótken ghasyr basyndaghy kózi ashyq sanauly qazaq qyzdarynyng biri bolghan edi. Onyng Alash múrasyna, qazaq halqyna sinirgen, sinirgisi kelgen kóp enbegin týgeldey sanamalap jatpay-aq, bir-aq auyz mysal keltirsek te jetkilikti ghoy dep oilaymyz. Alash arysy Mirjaqyp Dulatovtyng qyzy Gýlnar Dulatova óz esteliginde «Baqytsyz Jamaldy» birinshi ret Shahzada Shonanovanyng auzynan estigenin aitady. Taghdyrdyng jazuymen eki ret túrmys qúrghan Shahzadanyng alghashqy jary Teljan Shonanov Alash isi boyynsha aiyptalyp, ol da «Halyq jauy» esebinde atu jazasyna kesilgen bolatyn. Shonanova 1937 jylgha deyin Almaty qalasynda, Krasina kóshesi, № 51 ýide túrghan. Dәl osy ýiden tútqyngha alynghan. 1903 jyly 5-shi sәuirde Batys Qazaqstan oblysy, qazirgi Syrym audanynda dýniyege kelgen Shahzada Aronqyzynyng «tútqyn anketasynda» әkesi – bay-jartylay feodal dep kórsetilgen. Qarataev Aron – belgili qogham qayratkeri, zanger Baqytjan Qarataevtyng tughan inisi. Orta Aziya memlekettik uniyversiytetining (Tashkent) medisina fakulitetine (1920), keyinnen Almaty medisina institutyna (1931) týsken Shahzada «tap jauynyng qyzy» degen aiyp taghylyp, ekeuinde de oqudan shygharghan. 1922-26 j. Oralda guberniyalyq atqaru komiytetinde is jýrgizushi, Syrdariya guberniyalyq partiya komiytetinde núsqaushy bolyp qyzmet isteydi. 1928 j. Qyzylordagha auysyp, Halyq aghartu komissariatynyng mektepke deyingi balalar tәrbiyesining núsqaushysy boldy. Pedagogikalyq ghylymiy-zertteu institutynda jauapty hatshy, Últtyq mәdeniyet ghylymiy-zertteu institutynda kishi ghylymy qyzmetker, Halyq aghartu komissariatynda ghylymy qyzmetker, bastauysh jәne orta mektep bólimining ghylymy hatshysy, keyinnen әdisker-kenesshi bolyp qyzmet atqarady. 1936 j. qyzmetten eriksiz bosaghan Shahzada QazMU-ding biologiya fakulitetine oqugha týsedi. Biraq ony da ayaqtay almaydy. 1937 jyly osy fakulitetting 3-kurs studenti Shahzada tútqyndalady (Derekter Múhit Merәli atyndaghy Qaratóbe audandyq tarihiy-ólketanu muzeyinen alyndy). Taghylghan aiyp: «1926 jyldan burjuaziyalyq-últshyl, tónkeristik baghyttaghy úiymda bolghan, Kenes ókimetinde tónkeris jasap, Qazaqstandy Kenester odaghynan alastatudy kózdegen, Japoniyanyng basshylyghyndaghy qazaqtyng burjuaziyalyq memleketin ornatpaqshy terroristik, diyversantty-ziyankestik úiymnyng basshylary Sәduaqasov, Jýrgenovtermen baylanysta bolghan. 1936 jyly Almaty qalasyndaghy Qazaq Memlekettik uniyversiyteti ghimaratyn órtegen. Úiymnyng tónkeristik jәne terroristik baghyttaghy josparlarymen tanys bolghan, ziyankestikpen ainalysqan, mektepke deyingi balalar tәrbiyesine keri әserin tiygizgen... Jasaghan qylmystaryna kinәli dep tabylghan Shonanova Shahzada eng jogharghy jaza – atu jazasyna kesilip, onyng iyeligindegi dýniye-mýlki týgeldey tәrkilensin». (ÚQK múraghaty, № 06007 is, 1938 jyldyng 9 nauryzyndaghy jabyq sot otyrysynyng Ýkimi. Tóragha – A.D.Goryachev, mýsheleri G.A.Alekseev, A.IY.Miklyaev. Hatshy – 3 dәrejeli әskery zanger N.IY.Shaposhnikov).

Ýshtikting ýkimi sol kýni oryndalghan. Ótken ghasyrdyng 30-shy jyldaryndaghy qazaq intelliygensiyasynyng kórnekti ókili, stalindik repressiya jyldarynda atu jazasyna kesilgen qazaq qyzdarynyng biri Shahzada Aronqyzynyng isine kóz jýgirtip otyryp, onyng sauatty bolghanyna kózimiz anyq jetti. Tipti, «Tútqynnyng qoly» degen jerde de «Shonanova» degen marjanday tizilgen jazu túr. 1958 jyly «qylmys qúramynyng joqtyghyna» baylanysty aqtalghan. Ókinishke qaray, jazyqsyz qúrban qazaq әielderining qay jerge jerlengeni osy uaqytqa deyin belgisiz. Alash isterine qatysty «Halyq jauy» degen aiyp taghylghan Teljan Shonanúly 1938 jyly 27 aqpanda atu jazasyna kesilse, aragha nebәri 10 kýn salyp, 9 nauryz kýni әigili Qarataevtardyng tegi, Shahzada Shonanova atylyp kete barady...

Jiyrma jyldan keyingi joqtau

1957-1958 jyldary Stalindik jappay qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandary shetinen aqtala bastady. 1937 jyly atu jazasyna kesilgen Mәjen, Torghay Sýleymenovterding «ókimet pen partiya aldynda esh kinәsi joqtyghy» aitylghan KSRO Jogharghy Kenesi Prezidiumynyng aqtau qaghazy marqúmnyng otbasyna jóneltiledi. Mәjen men Torghaydan qalghan perzentteri – nemerelerin bauyryna basyp, auzymen tistep ósirgen osy ýiding keyuanasy aqtau qaghazyn qolyna ústap, kózinen jas parlap, dauys sala zar eniregen eken. Jiyrma jyl boyy ishte bulyqqan zar әiteuir syrtqa bir aqtarylar, bozdaqtardy joqtar kýn tughanyna da shýkirshilik etken shyghar, bәlkim. Jiyrma jyl ótken son. Alayda Sýleymenovterge jiyrma jyl boyy «Halyq jauynyn» túqymy degen tanba ne kórsetpedi desenshi?..

...O zamanda bú zaman ýiine kelgen qonaghyna dastarhan jayyp, asyn úsynghan qazaq balasy aiypty boldy degenge senesiz be? Senbeseniz, bizding kelesi keyipkerimizding ýstinen qozghalghan is tikeley osyghan baylanysty.

Torghay Sýleymenova 1937 jyldyng nauryz aiynda, onyng Qúday qosqan qosaghy Mәjen Sýleymenov 1937 jyldyng sәuir aiynda tútqyndalghan. Ayyptary: 1936 jyly Qaraghandy óz aldyna jeke oblys bolyp qúrylghanda, oblystyq atqaru komiytetining tóraghasy, belgili qogham qayratkeri Abdolla Asylbekov Sýleymenovterding ýiinde qonaqta bolady. Mine, osy Abdolla Asylbekov «Halyq jauy» atanyp qamalghanda, auyldyng keybir jalaqorlary «erli-zayypty Sýleymenovter «Halyq jauynyn» sybaylastary, sonyng astyrtyn úiymynda bolghan» dep NKVD-gha aryz týsiripti. Erli-zayyptylardy birinen song birin tútqyndap, Qaraghandygha alyp ketedi. Sonyra Torghaydyng әkesi Qiqymdy «moldasyn» dep qamap qoyady.

Torghay Sýleymenovany tútqyngha alghanda sonynda shyryldap ýsh birdey balasy qalady. Onyng alty jastaghy túnghyshy, Saydaly Sýleymenov keyin búl oqighany bylay eske alady:

«1937 jyly, shamasy nauryz aiynyng ortasy bolsa kerek. Týn jarymynda bizding ýiding esigin әldekimder sartyldata qaqty. Ákemning esikti ashuy múng eken ónkey qara kiyim kiygen, bir top adam ýige sau etip kirdi. Olar birden shesheme dýrse qoya berip, aqyra sóilep, bol-boldyng astyna aldy. Ózderi ýiding ishin tintip, astan-kestenin shyghardy. Biz qaryndasym ekeuimiz әjemizding qoltyghyna tyghylyp, torgha týsken elikting laghynday qaltyrap otyrmyz. Ájem dauys salyp, jylaumen boldy. Ákem men sheshemning qanday kýide bolghany esimde qalmapty. Tek qara kiyim kiygen qorqynyshty adamdar sýirep bara jatqanda, sheshem úmtylyp kelip Erkin ekeuimizdi kezek-kezek qúshyp, «Qúlyndarym-ay, ne kýige týstik! Qúlyndarym-ay!» dep aiqaylay jylaghany әli kýnge kóz aldymda qalypty» («Jana jol», 1993, 25 qyrkýiek).

Torghay Qiqymqyzy Sýleymenova 1904 jyly Núra audanynyng «Kókmóldir» degen jerinde dýniyege kelgen. «Tútqyn anketasynda» «molda, baydyng qyzy, sauatty, «KPSS-ke 15 jyl» belgisimen marapattalghan, KPSS mýshesi» ekeni kórsetilgen (ÚQK múraghaty, № 0867 is). Taghylghan resmy aiyp: «Álsenevting kontrrevolusiyalyq últtyq úiymyna 1935 jyldyng qazan aiynda kirip, Álsenevting búiryghymen kolhozdarda tónkerisshil kadrlardy dayyndap, kontrrevolusiyalyq, últshyl úiymgha Shahman auyldyq kenesining tóraghasy, partiya mýshesi Sýleymenov Mәjendi tartqan. Kolhozdyng júmys kýshin әlsiretu maqsatynda «Isaev» kolhozynyng tóraghasy qyzmetin atqarghan Sýleymenova kolhozdan 1404 rubli jymqyrghan, stahanovshylardyng qozghalysyna kedergi keltirgen, «Isaev» kolhozynda mal basyn kemitip, 45%-gha qysqartqan...». 1937 jylghy 11-shi tamyzda Qaraghandy oblystyq UNKVD ýshtigining (Tóragha – joldas Adamovich, mýsheleri – Pinhasiyk, Makatov, Shankiyn. Hatshy – Ivanenko) ýkimimen atu jazasyna kesilgen. Ýkim 15-shi tamyzda oryndalghan. «Óte qúpiya» dep belgi soqqan qaghazda ýshtikting sot otyrysyndaghy ýkimine qatysty 11 adamdy (tizimi tolyq berilgen) atqany turaly akt toltyrylghan.

Torghay Sýleymenova «Álsenevting últshyldyq baghytaghy kontrrevolusiyalyq úiymyna mýshe bolghanyna» baylanysty aiyptalghanyn aittyq. Álsenev Raqymjan degen kim edi? Atu jazasyna kesilgen jәne bir top bolyp atylghan bozdaqtardyng tizimin bastap túrghan Raqymjan Álsenov «1896 jyly tughan, bay túqymy. Últshyl úiym qúryp, Kenester odaghyn qiratqysy kelgen, Qazaq KSR-in KSRO-dan bólip әketudi kózdegen...».

Atylghan 11 adamnyng ishinde Torghaydyng jary Mәjen, әkesi Qiqym da bar.

KSRO-ny Qazaqstannan bólip әketpek týgili, elding o sheti men bú shetin aralay almaghan, Qazaqstannyng bir týkpirinde kolhoz sharuashylyghy ýshin qysta sauyqqa tonyp, jazda aptap ystyqta jýrip enbektengen, Kenes ókimetining búiryghyn adal oryndaugha tyrysqan, shala sauatty qazaq әieli Torghay osylay atylyp kete barady. Áldeqalay kóterilis-tónkeriste emes, ozbyrlyqpen, qiyanatpen, jalamen, kәdimgidey zandyq negizde ýkim shygharyp, ýiining shanyraghyn ortasyna týsirip, bala-shaghasyn shyryldatyp jetim qaldyryp, qazaq әielin ata saludyng obaly kimning moynynda?

...1989 jyldyng 29 qazanynda «Industrialinaya Karaganda» gazetining № 274 sanynda «KPSS qataryna qayta alynghandar» degen maqala basylady. Ol maqalada «Qaraghandy obkomynyng partiyalyq komissiyasy sheshimimen Shahaman auyldyq kenesining tóraghasy Sýleymenov Mәjen, Shahaman kolhozynyng tórayymy Sýleymenova Torghay KPSS qataryna ólgennen song qayta alyndy» dep jazylghan. Áriyne, KPSS qataryna qayta alynu jýzin baqigha bayaghyda búrghan qos bozdaqqa qanshalyqty kerek boldy – bir Qúdaygha ayan, әiteuir jany jaraly bala-shaghasynyn, sol zamannyng iyleuine kóndikken zamandastarynyng kóniline bir sәtke medet bolghan shyghar.

1993 jyly 6-shy shildede Kiyevka kenti túrghyndary jinalysynyng hattamasy jәne halyq deputattary Kenesining «Kóshe attaryn ózgertu turaly» №32 qaulysy negizderinde audan әkimining sheshimimen osy kenttegi Kiyevskaya kóshesi Mәjen jәne Torghay Sýleymenovter kóshesi bolyp ózgertildi. Birinshi Mamyr auyldyq kensesining qabyrghasyna «Torghay Qiqymqyzy men Mәjen Sýleymenúlyna artta qalghan úrpaqtarynan mәngilik eskertkish» taqtasy ilindi...

Kedey tendigi

Sәtiyev Zaytty aiyptau jónindegi tergeu isinde (ÚQK múraghaty, № 0638 is) Tanatova Mәmiylә esimdi әiel aty úshyrasady. 1937 jyldyng 29 tamyzynda súraqqa alynghan. Latyn qaripimen, qazaqsha alynghan súraq-jauaptan bayqaghanymyz: «Mәmiylә Tanatova 1907 jyly, Qaraghandy oblysy, Qu audany, № 2 auylda dýniyege kelgen. Kedey sharua otbasynan shyqqan, kolhozda júmys istegen, revolusiyagha deyin әkesining tәrbiyesinde bolghan, shala sauatty. Otbasy qúramy degen jerge «ózinen basqa jan joq» dep kórsetilgen. Biraq odan keyingi qújattarda kýieui bar ekeni aitylady. Revolusiyagha deyin sottalmaghan, tónkeristen keyin «ózining aituynsha sottalmaghan» dep jazylghan. Marapattalmaghan, banda qatarynda bolmaghan, kontrrevolusiyalyq úiymdar men tónkeristerge qatyspaghan.

Kenes ókimeti ýshin múnday ómirbayannyng minsiz sanalghany ótirik emes. Endeshe, Mәmiylә atu jazasyna kesiletindey, neden «kinәli» boluy mýmkin? Búl jaghy bizge de júmbaq. Al aiyptalghan Sәtiyev Zayyt – VKP (b) qatarynan shygharylghan, bay balasy.

Qaraghandy oblystyq UNKVD ýshtigining otyrysynda (8 qarasha, 1937) jyl 39 adam atu jazasyna kesiledi. Ayyp: «1935 jyly Qu audanynda Shamsutdinov qúrghan diyversanttyq-ziyankestik, últshyldyq baghyttaghy úiymgha mýshe bolghan, audanda kolhozdyng qirap-býlinuine, kolhoz malynyng jappay qyryluyna qatysty diyversantty-ziyankestik júmystar jýrgizgen. Stalindik konstitusiyany jalaqorlyqpen týsindirgen, Kenes ókimetine qatysty enbekkerlerding tolquyn úiymdastyrghan, Qazaqstandy KSRO-dan alastatqysy kelgen...».

Áriyne, aiyptylardyng barlyghy «kinәsin moyynyna alghan». Mәmiylә da. Sóitip, «Qazaqstandy KSRO-dan bólip alyp ketkisi kelgen» qarapayym kolhozshy – Mәmiylә 38 bozdaqpen birge, 39-shy bolyp, әiel adam ekenine qaramay, búryn eshqanday qylmystyq úiymda bolmaghany, kedey otbasynan shyqqany elep-eskerilmey, atu jazasyna kesiledi. Bir tanqalarlyghy, akt jasalyp, 39 adamdy atu jazasyna keskenmen, 18 qarasha, 1937 jyly atyldy degen protokolda Tanatova Mәmiylәnyng aty-jóni joq. Qyzyl terror qúrbandarynyng azaly kitabynda atu jazasyna kesilgenderding tiziminde Mәmiylә Tanatovanyng esimi jazuly.

1957 jyly «qylmys qúramy anyqtalmaghandyqtan» aqtalghan.

Aqtyq sóz

G.Panfilov týsirgen «Bastau» atty filimde fransuzdardyng otqa órtelgen qaysar qyzy Janna D,Ark óler aldynda: «qorqyp túrmyn» deytini bar edi ghoy. 30 (M.Tanatova), 33 (Torghay Sýleymenova), 35 (Shahzada Shonanova) jyl ghana ghúmyr keshken qazaq qyzdary, analary suyq qarudyng únghysy ózderine baghyttalghanyn sezgen sәtte, talqany tausylghanyn úqqan kezde oiyna neni aldy eken? Ayauly jary, ayaly bala-shaghasy kóz aldyna kelgen bolar? Ómirin bir sәtte alasapyrangha ainaldyrghan qandyqol sayasatty qarghady ma eken? Aspangha qarap, mún-zaryn eline jetkizer alty qazdy izdegen shyghar bәlkim?

Ony biz bilmeymiz. Torghay Sýleymenova men Mәmiylә Tanatovalardy eng bolmasa suretke tartyp aludy artyq sanaghan jýiening «ýzdik» qyzmetkerleri nәzik jandy tirshilik iyesin «qylmysty» dep tauyp, «tas qoparyp, tau tesedi» dep oilasa kerek, ýsh qazaq qyzyna da «KSRO-ny ydyratady» dep «kina artypty»...

P.S.

Búl materialdy dayyndauda arnayy qújattarmen, materialdarmen tanystyryp, qújattardyng fotokóshirmesin aluda kómek qolyn sozghany ýshin QR Últtyq Qauipsizdik komiyteti, QR ÚQK Almaty qalasy boyynsha departamentine, Múhit Merәli atyndaghy Qaratóbe audandyq tarihiy-ólketanu muzeyine, N.V.Gogoli atyndaghy Qaraghandy oblystyq ghylymy әmbebap kitaphanasy qyzmetkerlerine alghys aitamyz.

Qaragóz Simәdil

"Elarna" sayty