Orys aghartushylarynyng atyna kir keltiretin jaghday - Reseyge bodan elderden shyghyp, orys mektebinde bilim alghan bógde últ ókilderi sanynyng óte azdyghy. Osy sanauly topqa enetinderding biri, eng alghash orys jazushylarynyng tizimine óz esimin engizgen qyrghyz - Shoqan Uәlihanov. Ol qyrghyzdardyng Orta jýz hany Uәliyding nemeresi. Uәly hannyng óliminen keyin orys biyligi Orta jýzdegi handyq biylikti joydy. Uәlihannyng ýlken әielining otbasy taghdyr tәlkegine týsse, kerisinshe, kishi әieli Ayghanym orys әkimshiligining kónilinen shyghyp, Syrymbet mekeninde oghan arnap ýy salynyp, meshit túrghyzyldy, Qúsmúryn tútasymen onyng qarauyna berildi*2, al ýlken úly Shynghys Ombydaghy orys mektebine oqugha alynyp, Shynghys Uәliyúly Uәliyev degen atpen oqushylar tizimine endi, Uәlihanov bolmaghan sebebi qyrghyzdardyng esine handyq biylikti salmau bolsa kerek. Keyinnen Shynghys Uәliyúly qyrgha oralyp, manyzdy qyzmetter atqardy.

Orys aghartushylarynyng atyna kir keltiretin jaghday - Reseyge bodan elderden shyghyp, orys mektebinde bilim alghan bógde últ ókilderi sanynyng óte azdyghy. Osy sanauly topqa enetinderding biri, eng alghash orys jazushylarynyng tizimine óz esimin engizgen qyrghyz - Shoqan Uәlihanov. Ol qyrghyzdardyng Orta jýz hany Uәliyding nemeresi. Uәly hannyng óliminen keyin orys biyligi Orta jýzdegi handyq biylikti joydy. Uәlihannyng ýlken әielining otbasy taghdyr tәlkegine týsse, kerisinshe, kishi әieli Ayghanym orys әkimshiligining kónilinen shyghyp, Syrymbet mekeninde oghan arnap ýy salynyp, meshit túrghyzyldy, Qúsmúryn tútasymen onyng qarauyna berildi*2, al ýlken úly Shynghys Ombydaghy orys mektebine oqugha alynyp, Shynghys Uәliyúly Uәliyev degen atpen oqushylar tizimine endi, Uәlihanov bolmaghan sebebi qyrghyzdardyng esine handyq biylikti salmau bolsa kerek. Keyinnen Shynghys Uәliyúly qyrgha oralyp, manyzdy qyzmetter atqardy.

Shynghys Uәliyúlynyng bes úly boldy*3, Shoqan balalardyng ekinshisi. Ol Shynghys Uәliyúly dala okrugterining birinde basshy bolyp túrghan kezde ordasy bolghan Qúsmúrynda dýniyege keldi. Shynghys ómir baqy kóshpeli túrmys saltyn ústanghandyqtan, Shoqan balalyq shaghyn kiyiz ýide ótkizdi. Qyrghyz handarynyng barlyghynyng úrpaqtary «súltan» dәrejesin iyelenedi jәne qara halyqtan aqsýiektigimen erekshelenedi. Sondyqtan Shoqan shyghu tegi boyynsha qyrghyz aqsýiekterine jatady. On jasyna deyin ol qyrghyz baybatsha úl bolyp ósti, yaghny atqa minip, keng dalada qúighyta shapty, eresekterge erip súnqarmen sayat salyp, qyzmetshilerin әrtýrli әurege saldy. Sodan keyin ol Ombygha jiberilip, әkesi oqyghan, sol uaqytta mektepten kadet korpusyna auystyrylghan oqu ornyna berildi. Kadetke alynghannan keyin ol Uәliyev emes, Uәlihanov dep ataldy. Búl jerde onyng erekshe qabileti birden tanyldy, Ombynyng bilimdi qoghamy daryndy qyrghyz balasynyng payda bolghanyna qyzyghushylyq tanytty, eng ziyaly adamdar oghan qamqorlyq jasaudy óz boryshymyz dep sanady. Oqu kýnderin bala Shoqan korpus aimaghynda ótkizdi, al meyram kýnderi ony ýiine alyp ketushiler tabyla qalatyn. Alghashynda, ol mereke kýnderin Qazan uniyversiytetining shyghys fakulitetin bitirgen sheneunik Sotnikovtyng ýiinde ótkizse, keyinnen tarih pәnining múghalimi polyak Gonsevskiyding otbasynda, Bas shtabtyng ofiyseri Pomeransev2 pen polkovnik Gutkovskiyding ýiinde boldy. Búlardyng barlyghy qaladaghy eng kózi ashyq, oqymysty jandar bolatyn, olardyng ortasyna týsken Shoqan tez damyp, óz joldastarynan ozyp ketti, әsirese, sayasy oilar men әdeby janalyqtargha jetik boldy. Mektep basshylyghy oghan bolashaq Orta Aziya boyynsha sayahatshysy retinde qarady; Qytay europalyqtar ýshin әli ashylmaghan júmbaq әlem bolatyn, onyng shymyldyghyn kóteru europalyq ýshin keremet qyzyqty edi.

Omby kadet korpusy qyrghyz dalasynyng shekarasynda túrdy dep aitugha bolady, onyng jogharghy qabattaghy terezelerinen Ertis jaghalauyn kóruge bolatyn, ol úshy-qiyrsyz dalamen úshtasatyn, soghan qarap túryp qiyal Uәlihanovty ghana emes, basqalardy da tylsymdy alysqa, qazaq dalasynan әridegi elderge, Tyani-Shani men Nani-Shanigha, tiyinder patshalyq etetin Tiybet elindegi Kukunor kólining jaghalauyna jetelegen bolar.

Mektep qabyrghasynda jýrip Uәlihanov Qytaygha sapar shegetin sayahatshy rólinde dayyndala bastady, sol kezde-aq ol Pallas, Rychkov, Levshiyn, Veliyaminov-Zernovtardy jәne kóptegen kitaptardy qaytalap oqyp shyqty. Batys-Sibir general-gubernatorynyng shtabynda ofiyser bolyp qyzmet etken Shoqan Uәlihanov pen Geografiyalyq qoghamnyng qazirgi viyse-preziydenti P.P. Semenov Tyani-Shanigha saparynda kezdesken kezde, ol sol uaqytta jasóspirimning Omby siyaqty qiyrdaghy qalashyqtan shyqpay-aq shyghystanu salasynda úshan-teniz bilim jinap alghanyna tanqaldy.

Kóp keshikpey jergilikti biylik ókilderi jas jigitting kýsh-jigerin paydalanyp qaldy. Uәlihanovqa Qytay qalasy Qashghargha jasyrynyp kirip, Pekin ýkimetinen Qashgharda orys konsuldyghyn ashu turaly ótinish jasaugha túra ma degen mәseleni sheshu ýshin ondaghy sauda ainalymy turaly mәlimet jinap kelu tapsyryldy. Búl iske ondaghan jyldar Semeyde túrghan Búqash atty qashgharlyq sart kómektesti. Búqash on bes jyl búryn Qashghardan әielimen jәne kishkentay Álim atty úlymen Semeyge bir sart kóshkenin eske týsiredi, keyinnen ol Saratovqa ketip, habarsyz ketken, onyng qaytadan Qashghargha oralmaghanyn Búqash anyq bilgen. Álim qazir shamamen 17 jasta bolu kerek, Shoqan da tura sol jasta edi. Osylaysha Búqash keruenmen Qashghargha baratyn boldy da, Shoqandy Álim dep tanystyrudy oilap tapty. Uәlihanov shashyn taqyrlap alghyzyp, taqiya kiydi, ofiyser kiyimin tastap, beshpet kiyip, Ombydan Semeyge attandy. Uәlihanovtyng Qashghargha sapary sәtti ayaqtaldy. Álimning tuysqandary jalghan Álimge qatty quandy, Uәlihanov Qashgharda ótkergen qys ailary onyng keluine arnap úiymdastyrylghan toy-dumanmen ótti, ony tughan-tuysqan, dostaryna qonaqqa aparyp, syilap, qoshamettedi jәne ol jerdegi músylmandar arasynda ornyqqan dәstýrge sәikes ýilendirdi. Búl uaqytta Qashgharda Yakub bek*4 bastaghan músylmandar kóterilisinen keyin Qytay biyligi qayta qalpyna kelgen bolatyn, Uәlihanov Qashghar alanynda Yakub bek jazalaghan adamdardyng basynan qalanghan piramidany kóredi, olardyng ishinde nemis sayahatshysy Shlagintveytting de basy boluy mýmkin dedi Uәlihanov keyingi әngimesinde. Qystyng sonynda Uәlihanov Vernyigha әielin tastap, salt oraldy; ol qyzdy ata-anasyna qaytarghan. Qashgharda dәstýr solay: uaqytsha kelgen qonaqtardy ýilendiredi, biraq әielderin qaladan shygharmaydy. Qytaylyqtar Álim bolyp jýrgen orys ofiyseri ekenin anyqtap, qughynshy jiberedi, biraq Uәlihanov orys shekarasyna ótip ýlgeredi. Ol Qashghardan óte qyzyqty statistikalyq jәne tarihy mәlimetter jinap әkeldi, keyinnen olardy «Geografiyalyq qogham jazbalarynda» «Jonghariya ocherkteri» men «Altyshar» atty eki maqala etip jariyalady. Altyshar dep sarttar Shyghys Týrkistandy ataydy. Búl maqalalar nemis tilinde Berlinde Ermannyng Archiv,e basyldy3.

Qashghardan kelgen song ol Peterborgha shaqyryldy, biraq ókpe derti mendep ketkendikten, eline oralugha mәjbýr boldy. Tashkentti jaulap alushy Chernyaev ony joryqqa qatysugha shaqyrdy, Uәlihanov úsynysty qabyl aldy, biraq Pishpek*5 qalasyn aludaghy soldattargha rúqsat etilgen tonaushylyq oghan jaman әser etkeni sonshalyq, ol Chernyaev otryadyn tastap, Vernyigha oralyp, biraz uaqyttan song Qytay shekarasyndaghy Tezek súltannyng auylynda dýnie saldy.

Shoqan Uәlihanov qúiryqty júldyz siyaqty bizding әlemimizge qysqa ghana uaqytta payda bolyp, jarq etip, joq bolyp ketetin erekshe túlghalargha jatady. Ol ózining qaytalanbas qasiyetimen ózimen aralasqan birshama adamdardyng ómirin jarqyn týske boyap ketui ýshin keldi. Uәlihanovtyng qadirin týsingen jandar kóp emes, biraq ózge jaghdayda ol óte manyzdy túlghagha ainalar edi. Onyng jýregi nәzik, aqyly ótkir bolatyn. Ol әdettegi, kóz ýirengen beyne emes, tandauly túlgha boldy, alghash kórgen adamyn ózine birden baurap alatyn. Sayasy kózqarasy boyynsha ol shekten tys liyberal edi. Orys aqiqatyna syny kózqaraspen qaraudy ol Ombyda jýrgende-aq qalyptastyrdy. Onda bir-birine tuys bolyp keletin eki ýy Gutkovskiy men Kapustinderding otbasy boldy, eki ýide de Uәlihanov óz adamy bolyp, oghan tuysynday jyly qarady.

Kapustinderding ýii qaladaghy eng bilimdi adamdar jinalatyn Omby әdeby ýii ispettes edi, múnda Uәlihanov petrashevshil aqyn Durovpen, keyinnen sharualardyng mún-múqtajyn jyrlaushy retinde әdeby ortagha tanylghan S. Ya. Kapustinmen, suretshi Pomeransevpen tanysty. Ádeby talghamyna kelsek, oghan Bayron, Geyne jәne ózining tabighaty da soghan jaqyn Lermontov qatty únaytyn. Uәlihanov mansapqor, úsaq jandardyng beyshara tirligin tez bayqaytyn jәne olardy mysqyldaghandy jaqsy kóretin. Ombyda ataqqúmar Volkov degen general boldy. Uәlihanov ol turaly «Vladimiyr» ordenin alghannan keyin auyzghy ýige kirgender galoshqa qarap, múnda osy ordenning iyegeri bar ekenin bilu niyetimen galoshyna orden taspasyn baylap qoydy degen әngime qúrastyrdy. Kóniline únamaghan adamdardy ol týrkilerge tәn qataldyqpen qatty keketetin, sondyqtan Ombyda onyng jaulary az bolmady. Adamnyng qinalghanyn kórse, ol qatty ayaytyn jәne oghan jәrdemdesu ýshin qolynan kelgenin jasaytyn, al iydeyalyq qarsylastaryna bitispes dúshpandyqpen qaraytyn. Bógde adamdardyng pikirine eshqashan qúlaq aspaytynyn kórsetip, tipti ózining filister dostaryn yzalandyru ýshin ózi turaly ótirik әngimeler qúrastyryp, eshqashan jasamaghan onbaghan әreketterdi ózine tanatyn. «Mәngilik aldynda múnyng bәri týkke túrghysyz» degen sózdi qaljyndap jii aitatyn, biraq búl oy onyng boyyn biylep alghan siyaqty. Keyingi úrpaqtyng esinde qalu turaly bas qatyryp qinalmaytyn. Ony ómirdegi basqa marapat - qaranghylyq onyng kekesinderinen qorqyp, qashady degen týsinik anaghúrlym qanaghattandyrdy.

Ózge mәdeniyetti ortadan shyqqan nәsilder turaly mynanday tújyrym qalyptasqan: olar europalyq ýlgide bilim alghanymen, óz ortasyna oralghan song bastapqy ómir sýru qalpyna týsedi. Múnday ózgeristen Uәlihanovty saqtaghan nәrse: ol orys qoghamynda jýrgende, әsheyin kópting biri emes edi, al óz dalasy ýshin birinshi túlgha boldy. Eline oralghan song ol tek syrt kelbetin ghana qazaqylandyrdy; ol búqar kilemi men ala jastyqtargha aunap, beshpet jәne qazaqy dambal*6 kiyip jatty, biraq onyng ainalasynda, kilemde fransuz tilindegi Abeli-Remuza, Klaprot jәne Stanislav Julienning kitaptary jatty4. Ol óte europalanghan edi, tipti kóptegen orystarmen salystyrghanda anaghúrlym europalyq edi, sondyqtan europa ruhany mәdeniyetining tanbasyn sypyryp tastap, kóshpendige ainalu esh mýmkin emes edi.

Europagha degen jaqyndyq ony halqynan alystatpady, kerisinshe, sol europalyq mәdeniyet ony óz halqynyng qúly retinde qaraugha mindettedi. Ol qazaqtardy jaqsy kóretinin aitatyn, sonymen qosa Reseydi de jaqsy kórem deytin. «Qyrghyzdar men orys kazaktary shayqasqan kezde, qyrghyzdardyng jenisin tileymin, - deytin ol, - al sibirlikter men reseylikter daulasqan kezde, sibirlikterding basym týskenin qalaymyn. Al Suvorovtyng Otan soghysy jolyndaghy joryqtaryn oqyghan sәtte, orys soldaty fransuzdardy jense dep otyramyn». Onyng óz sózimen aitqanda, kishkentayy ýlkenge, ol ózinen ýlken sandyqqa salynatyn Irbit sandyqshalary tәrizdi, onyng bir mahabbaty ekinshisine, ekinshisi ýshinshisine úlasyp jatatyn.

Uәlihanov ózining ómirlik mindeti qyrghyz halqyna qyzmet etu, orys biyligi aldynda onyng mýddesin qorghau jәne sanasynyng janaruyna yqpal etu dep sanaytyn. Songhy mindetti jýzege asyru tek janama tәsilmen mýmkin edi; ol óz halqyn zerttep, óz enbekterin orys tilinde jariyalay aldy, biraq Uәlihanovtyng minez-qúlqy ghylymmen tapjylmay ainalysugha sәikes kelmeytin. Ghylymgha ol aziattyq-aqsýiektik túrghyda selsoq qarady. Al, tikeley qyrghyz tilinde jazu, shygharmalar basu beker is boldy, sebebi qyrghyz oqyrmany az edi. Eger Uәlihanovta oqy alatyn qazaq qauymy bolghanda, onda qazaq halqy Shoqan arqyly Lermontov pen Geyne ruhyndaghy qyrghyzsha jazatyn jazushygha ie bolghan bolar edi.