Qazaqstan óz aldyna tәuelsiz­­digin jariyalap, senim bostandy­ghyna erik bergen tústa, syrttan aghylghan diny aghymdar aghyny úlghaya týsti. Halyqaralyq qúqyqtyq nor­­malardy bekitip, konven­siya­largha qosylu syrttan keletin diny aghymdardyng da yqpalyn kýshey­tu­ge jol ashty. Dәstýrli emes dinder sanatyna kiretin aghymdar elding әleumettik auyr ahualyn payda­lanyp, ózderining maqsat-mýddesin jýzege asyrugha belsene kiristi. Songhy onshaqty jyldyng kóle­min­de dәstýrli emes diny aghymdardyng sanyrauqúlaqtay qaulauy osynyng aighaghy.

Janashyldyqqa jәne jalpy belgilerine oray birikken jana diny úiymdar maqsattary, úiym­dastyru týrleri, qyzmet sipaty boyynsha ala-qúla bolyp keledi. Qazaqstandaghy atalmysh aghymdar­dyng dәstýrli emes bolyp atalatyn sebebi, olardyng bizding mem­le­ke­timizde payda bolghanyna úzaq ua­qyt bola qoyghan joq jәne olar­dyng boyynda dәstýrli konfes­siya­largha tәn emes belgileri jetkilikti.

Qazaqstan óz aldyna tәuelsiz­­digin jariyalap, senim bostandy­ghyna erik bergen tústa, syrttan aghylghan diny aghymdar aghyny úlghaya týsti. Halyqaralyq qúqyqtyq nor­­malardy bekitip, konven­siya­largha qosylu syrttan keletin diny aghymdardyng da yqpalyn kýshey­tu­ge jol ashty. Dәstýrli emes dinder sanatyna kiretin aghymdar elding әleumettik auyr ahualyn payda­lanyp, ózderining maqsat-mýddesin jýzege asyrugha belsene kiristi. Songhy onshaqty jyldyng kóle­min­de dәstýrli emes diny aghymdardyng sanyrauqúlaqtay qaulauy osynyng aighaghy.

Janashyldyqqa jәne jalpy belgilerine oray birikken jana diny úiymdar maqsattary, úiym­dastyru týrleri, qyzmet sipaty boyynsha ala-qúla bolyp keledi. Qazaqstandaghy atalmysh aghymdar­dyng dәstýrli emes bolyp atalatyn sebebi, olardyng bizding mem­le­ke­timizde payda bolghanyna úzaq ua­qyt bola qoyghan joq jәne olar­dyng boyynda dәstýrli konfes­siya­largha tәn emes belgileri jetkilikti.

"Dәstýrden tys diny aghymdar" degende, elimizdegi jas buynnyng kóz aldyna ne elesteydi? Qazirgi tanda dәstýrden tys diny aghymdar qoghamdy ishten iritip jatqandyghy turaly jii aityluda. Alayda, jas­tar teris pighyldy úiymnyng óz júmysyn naqty qanday әreketter arqyly jýrgizetininen beyhabar. Olar dәstýrden tys diny aghymdar, dәstýrli dinderden irgesin aulaq salghan, belgili bir diny maqsatty kózdeytin úiym ekendigin biledi. Alayda, olar ózderin adamnyng ruhany qajettilikterin óteytin, ómirding mәnin úghynugha kómek­te­setin, ruhtyng mәngilik ekendigin tý­sindiretin, pendege tәn qayghy-qasiretterden qútqaryp, ózin-ózi jetildiruge yqpal etetin adam retinde kórsetudi sheber mengerip alghan. Olar diny sauaty jetile qoymaghan, ómirlik baghyt-baghdary jana qalyptasyp kele jatqan jastardy aldau-arbau arqyly óz qatarlaryna tartady.

Aqiqatynda, diny birlestik­ter­ding basym kópshiligi keybir anghal jandar oilaghanday biyik maqsat-mýddelerdi kózdemeydi. Dәstýrden tys diny aghymdar ataulynyng týpki niyeti bireu-aq, ol - qarapayym adam­dardy óz maqsat-mýddelerine pay­dalanu, sol arqyly material­dyq iygilikke kenelip, biylikke qol jetkizu.

Ádette, dәstýrden tys diny agh­ym mýsheleri "kósemning nemese "ús­­­­tazdyn" aitqanyn búljytpay or­yndaytyn temirdey tәrtipke moy­­­ynsúnady. Úiymnyng týpki maq­­satyn attóbelindey az top, yagh­ny "tandaulylar" ghana biledi. Ja­na­dan qabyldanghandar sektagha jәn-tәnimen berilgendigin "ústaz" ben "tandaulylardyn" aldynda dә­leldey bilse, "qyzmet baspal­da­ghy­men" órleuge mýmkindik alady. Kó­rip otyrghanymyzday, úiymdar­dyng qúrylymy da memlekettik qú­rylym siyaqty. Maman psiy­ho­log­tar men zangerlerding olardy "qau­ip­ti" dep jýrgeni beker bolmasa kerek.

Endi osy aghymdar qarapayym adamdardy qanday aila-әdistermen eliktiretinine toqtalayyq. Birin­shi­den, janadan qabyldanghan "shә­kirt" úiym mýshelerining psiho­lo­­­giyalyq qysymyna úshyraydy. Ol osy jerde dәstýrden tys diny agh­ym­dardyng "mahabbatyna bóle­ne­di". "Qúday seni jaqsy kóredi, sen asqaq arman-maqsattardy baghyn­dyratyn tandaulylardyng birisin. Bizden basqa әlemning barlyghy ký­nәgha belshesinen batuda" degen si­yaqty әpsanany qúlaghyna qúyady. Nә­tiyjesinde, suday jana diny agh­ym­dardyng osy "baqytty ot­ba­synyn" bir mýshesine ainalugha de­gen qúshtarlyghy kýsheye týsedi. Top­tasyp әn shyrqau, bir-birimen tós qaghystyryp qúshaqtasu, madaq­tau siyaqty kishkentay balalardy aldaytyn tәsilderding barlyghy úiymda keninen qoldanylady.

Ekinshiden, dәstýrden tys diny aghymdar mýsheleri qorshaghan or­tasynan irgesin aulaq salyp, óz be­tinshe bólek ómir keshedi. Al úi­y­mnan tysqary әlemnen qol ýzgen adam uaqyt óte kele "ústazynyn" aitqandarynyng anyq-qanyghyna oy jýgirtu, ony shynayy ómirmen salystyru mýmkindiginen aiyry­la­tyny týsinikti jәit.

Ýshinshiden, qauipti diny úi­ym­darda mýshelerining oilau qabiletin tejeytin týrli әdistemeler qol­danysqa iye. Mәselen, bir saryndy әnderdi jii shyrqatu, bir qiy­myl­dardy ýnemi qaytalatudyng aqyry adamdy psihologiyalyq tәueldi­likke úryndyrady.

Taghy bir aita keterligi, "ot­ba­synda qúpiya bolmau kerek" de­gen­di jeleu etken "ústaz" "shәkirtine" jasaghan kýnәlaryn moyyndatyp, arylugha "kómektesedi". Ishki syr­la­ryn jayyp salghannan keyin ózin kýnәhar jan retinde sezingen "shәkirttin" boyynda qorqynysh, ýrey kýsheye týsedi.

Besinshiden, "ruhany túrghyda shy­nyghu" ýshin úiqydan bas tart­qandar madaqtalady. Toya tamaq­tan­bau ruhany túrghyda jetiluge kómektesetin diyeta dep sanalady. Sonday-aq, úiymgha janadan qo­syl­ghan jandardyng onashada oy qo­rytuyna mýmkindik bermeu ýshin úi­ymnyng ózge mýsheleri ony esh­­qashan jalghyz qaldyrmaydy. Osy­laysha, dәstýrden tys diny úiym sanatyna qosylghan jan az uaqyt ishinde oi-sanasy ózgergen, mýlde basqa keyiptegi adamgha ainalady.

Dәstýrden tys diny úiym shyr­mauyna úshyraghan adam ózin qalay sezinedi? Psihologtardyng ai­­tuynsha, "ústazyna" qúldyq úr­ghan "shәkirttin" kókirek kózi ashy­lyp, aqiqatqa kóz jetkizedi, qú­day­dyng núryn sezinedi. Onyng boy­ynda jana psihologiyalyq qa­­siy­­et­­ter damidy. Qarapayym tilmen bayandar bolsaq, dәstýrden tys di­ny úiymdardyng aldap-arbauynyng saldarynan sәby qalpyna qayta oralghanday kýy keshedi. Ol ózining búrynghy qadir-qasiyetterin tәrk etip, sol úiymdargha únamdy bey­neni qabyldaydy. "Ústaz" ben "tan­daulylardyn" aitqany ol ýsh­in búljymas qaghidamen ten. Mә­selen, "Birlik shirkeui" dep ata­latyn sol qauipti aghymdardyng әlem­ning kóptegen elderinde kә­sip­oryndary bar. Shirkeuge tiyesili kәsiporyndarda júmys isteytin dәstýrli emes diny aghymdardyng mar­dymsyz jalaqy ýshin esil en­bek­­terin sarp etude. Atalghan úiym janadan qosylghan mýshelerinen tabystarynyng bir bóligin berip túrudy jәne barlyq jighan-tergen mýlikterin ózderining atyna auda­ru­dy talap etedi.

Úiymgha "óz erkimen" qosylghan adam ýshin "jana otbasyn" tastap ketu turaly oilaudyng ózi qor­qy­nyshty. Úiym mýsheleri de ony óz qatarlarynda qaldyrugha tyrysyp baghady. Qazirgi tanda, dәstýrden tys diny úiymnyng mýshelerin qút­qarudyng eki týrli tәsili bar. Bi­rinshi tәsil "qayta programmalau" dep atalady. Yaghni, adamdy sol qau­ipti úiymnan kýshtep úrlap әke­tip, bir bólmege qamap, oghan "ta­tu-tәtti otbasy" turaly barlyq shyn­dyqtyng betin ashu. Áriyne, jan-tәnimen senip kelgen "ús­taz­dyn" alayaq ekenin estu, ózining al­dan­ghanyn týsinu oghan onay soq­pay­dy. Jәne bir aita keterligi, di­ny aghymdar osynday jolmen ja­qy­n­yn qútqarmaq bolghan adamnyng ýstinen tiyisti organdargha shaghym týsire alady. Múnday jaghdayda dәstýrli emes diny aghymdar qyl­my­syn dәleldeu qiyngha týsetin­dik­ten, kóp jaghdayda sot pro­sesinde olar jenip shyghady.

Teris pighyldy diny úiymdargha qatysty memlekettik sayasattyng bol­mauy búqaralyq aqparat qú­ral­darynda da dәstýrden tys diny agh­ymdar turaly obektivti aqpa­rat­tyng jetkiliksizdigine әkelip otyr. Kóptegen jurnalister shiyelenisti jaghday men sot sergeldeninen tay­saq­tap, teris pighyldy diny úi­ym­dardyng qyzmetin jazudan ózderin aulaq ústaydy. Sol sebepti, diny mәseleler boyynsha halyqty naq­ty aqparatpen qamtamasyz etude elde әli de bolsa olqylyqtyng ba­ry bayqalady. Búl óz kezeginde bi­lim salasynda, balalar men jas­tar­dy tәrbiyeleu jýiesinde, ýl­ken­der arasynda aghartushylyq saya­sat­ty belsendi jýrgizu jýiesinde óz­ek­ti ózgeristerdi talap etedi. Pe­da­gogikalyq jәne aghartushylyq sha­ralar, teris pighyldy diny úi­ym­dar men psihokulitterding teris piy­ghyldy yqpalyn meylinshe azay­tugha mýmkindik beredi.

Qazirgi kezende izgi iydeyalar kýn tәrtibinde jii kóterilip otyr­gha­nymen, al shynayy jaghdayda bas­qasha. Óitkeni, dәstýrden tys diny aghymdar - onaylyqpen sheshimin tabatyn mәsele emes. Olar kez kel­gen kommersiyalyq dәstýrden tysqary diny kulitter, qúbylys pen prosester siyaqty qazirgi sosiumnyng irgeli mәselelerining indikatorlary bolyp tabylady.

Adam osynday jaghdayda bú­ryn-sondy tәjiriybesinde kezdes­pe­gen mәselemen betpe-bet keledi. Soghan oray, ony sheshuding senimdi qúraldarynan da beyhabar bolady. Atalghan mәselege qarsy tiyimdi ký­resuding sanaly týrde jasalghan mә­deny tetikteri de qalyptaspaghan. Sol sebepti kóptegen mәseleni she­shu ýshin arnayy memlekettik bagh­darlama qabyldap, jýzege asyru qajet. Oghan tómendegi baghyttaghy qyzmetterdi engizgen abzal:

birinshiden, teris pighyldy diny úiymgha kirgen adamdargha psiho­logiyalyq yqpal etu jәne olardyng sanasyn arbau boyynsha mediko-psihologiyalyq zertteuler úiym­das­­­­tyru. Zardap shekkenderdi emdeu jәne sauyqtyru әdisterin, diagnostikalyq jәne psiho­lo­giya­lyq әreket әdisterin jasau. Teris pighyldy diny úiymdardyng yq­pa­lyna týsken adamdargha, sonday-aq olardyng otbasy mýshelerine psiy­hologiyalyq, dәrigerlik kómek úi­ym­dastyru. Psihologiyalyq qa­u­­ip­sizdik turaly memlekettik zandy әz­ir­leu ýshin mediko-psiy­holo­giya­lyq negizdeme dayyndau;

ekinshiden, memlekettik qúry­lym­dar jәne diny úiymdardyng qa­rym-qatynasyn ýilestiretin te­tikter jasau jәne jýzege asyru. Ir­itki salushy kulitterding әre­ke­tinen zardap shekken azamattardy qorghau boyynsha zan, qúqyq qor­ghau, sot organdary jәne diny úi­ym­darmen júmys jónindegi ar­nayy qúrylymdardyng qyzmetin ýilestirudi qamtamasyz etu;

ýshinshiden, balalar men jas­tar­dyng zayyrly bilim alu qú­­qy­ghyn búzbaytyn jәne shektemeytin túrghyda ruhany tәrbie beretin baghdarlamalar jasau jәne olardy birizdilikpen jýzege asyru;

tórtinshiden, azamattargha teris pighyldy diny aghymdardyng jaghym­syz saldaryn eskertu jәne sau­yq­tyruda әleumettik, әleumettik-psiy­hologiyalyq jәne ruhaniy-pedagogikalyq sharalar jýiesin aiqyndau.

Osynday sharalardy qabyl­­daghan kýnde ghana elimizding ertengi qauipsizdigine qater tóndiretin dәs­týrli emes dinderding iritki sa­luy­nyng aldyn alugha bolady.

Limana Qoyshiyeva, Mәdeniyet ministrligi Mәdeniyetter men dinder halyqaralyq ortalyghynyng jetekshi ghylymy qyzmetkeri.

«Egemen Qazaqstan»