Qyzylorda oblysynyng Qazaly, Aral, Aqtóbe oblysynyng Yrghyz, Shalqar audandary aimaghyn qamtityn ýlken ónirde qashannan qalyptasqan birtútas, tamyry tarih terenine ketken, mazmún-sipaty bir jyraulyq dәstýr jalghastyghynyn, arnayy mektepterding bolghanyn, qazirgi kezde de olardyng altyn arqauy ýzilmey kele jatqany haqynda bizge deyin de osy aumaqtyng mәdeniyeti men ónerin, auyzeki әdebiy-muzykalyq múralaryn zerttegen ghalymdar aitqan.

Jyraulyq-jyrshylyq dәstýr bolghan ónirdin, sol óner mektebining ózine ghana tәn dәstýrli әuen-maqamdary da bolatyny belgili. Alayda, uaqyt ótken sayyn, sonday qaytalanbas muzykalyq tuyndylardy dýniyege keltirgen talant iyeleri kóbine kólenkede qalyp, sol mektep týlekterinen әr kezenderde tәrbie alghan jyrau-jyrshylardyng biri bolmasa, birine telinip ketetin jaghdaylar jii kezdesedi.

Ol túrmaq, keyde týpnúsqanyng ózi, oryndalu kezinde jyrshy-jyraudyn, ne termeshining dauys mýmkindigi men sheberlik dengeyine baylanysty ýlken ózgeristerge úshyrap, bastapqysynan da qúlpyryp, ne kerisinshe, nәzik iyirimderi, súlu naqyshtarynan aiyrylyp, qarapayymdanyp ketip jatady. Tipti, soghan deyin iyesi bar bolyp kelgendigine qaramastan, uaqyt óte kele ne ýirenushining kezinde kimning maqamy ekendigine kónil bólmegendiginen, ne ózi siyaqty jauapkershilikpen qaramaghan bireuden ýirenip aluy saldarynan, onday tuyndy basqa avtordyng shygharmasy bolyp shygha keledi.

Qyzylorda oblysynyng Qazaly, Aral, Aqtóbe oblysynyng Yrghyz, Shalqar audandary aimaghyn qamtityn ýlken ónirde qashannan qalyptasqan birtútas, tamyry tarih terenine ketken, mazmún-sipaty bir jyraulyq dәstýr jalghastyghynyn, arnayy mektepterding bolghanyn, qazirgi kezde de olardyng altyn arqauy ýzilmey kele jatqany haqynda bizge deyin de osy aumaqtyng mәdeniyeti men ónerin, auyzeki әdebiy-muzykalyq múralaryn zerttegen ghalymdar aitqan.

Jyraulyq-jyrshylyq dәstýr bolghan ónirdin, sol óner mektebining ózine ghana tәn dәstýrli әuen-maqamdary da bolatyny belgili. Alayda, uaqyt ótken sayyn, sonday qaytalanbas muzykalyq tuyndylardy dýniyege keltirgen talant iyeleri kóbine kólenkede qalyp, sol mektep týlekterinen әr kezenderde tәrbie alghan jyrau-jyrshylardyng biri bolmasa, birine telinip ketetin jaghdaylar jii kezdesedi.

Ol túrmaq, keyde týpnúsqanyng ózi, oryndalu kezinde jyrshy-jyraudyn, ne termeshining dauys mýmkindigi men sheberlik dengeyine baylanysty ýlken ózgeristerge úshyrap, bastapqysynan da qúlpyryp, ne kerisinshe, nәzik iyirimderi, súlu naqyshtarynan aiyrylyp, qarapayymdanyp ketip jatady. Tipti, soghan deyin iyesi bar bolyp kelgendigine qaramastan, uaqyt óte kele ne ýirenushining kezinde kimning maqamy ekendigine kónil bólmegendiginen, ne ózi siyaqty jauapkershilikpen qaramaghan bireuden ýirenip aluy saldarynan, onday tuyndy basqa avtordyng shygharmasy bolyp shygha keledi.

Osy arada aita keterlik bir jayt, qazaq jyraularynyng ózderi shygharghan maqamdaryna kýy nemese әn siyaqty at qoyyp, aidar taqpaghandyghy jәne maqamnyng avtory naqty belgili bolghan jaghdayda, sol maqamnyng «pәlenshening maqamy», «týgenshening maqamy» dep qana atalghandyghy. Keyde maqamdy halyq arasyna shyghyp, jyrau atanbasa da, dombyrany jetik mengergen jәne muzyka ónerin jan-tәnimen sýietin qarapayym jandardyng da shygharuy mýmkin.

Maqamdargha at qong songhy jiyrma-otyz jyl ishinde payda boldy. Óitkeni, әsirese, jyraular men jyrshylargha qayta-qayta tyiym salynghan keshegi kenes ýkimeti túsynda, auyldardaghy qarttardyng ótinishterin ayaqasty ete almaghan keybir jyrshy-jyraular men termeshiler jasyrynyp jýrip, terme-tolghau, ne jyr aitqanda, maqam avtorynyng aty-jónin jasyryp, keyde bilmestikpen, muzykalyq shygharmagha aityp bergeli otyrghan tolghauynyn, ne termesining taqyrybyn, keyde ony ózinen búryn oryndaghan jyraudyn, tipti bolmasa, mәtin avtorynyng atyn bere saludy әdetke ainaldyrghan.

Alayda, mýnday oilanbay istelgen әreketting daryn iyelerine jasalghan qiyanat ekenin, qazaqtyng ghasyrlar boyy joghalmay jetken últtyq ónerine, bolashaq úrpaqtar ýshin babalar qaldyrghan bay mәdeniyetimizge degen jauapsyzdyq ekenin týisinip jatqan eshkim joq.

Ózgege telingendigin әrkimder-aq aityp jýrse de, osy uaqytqa deyin naqty iyesin taba almay kele jatqan, biz sóz etip otyrghan sonday shygharmalardyng biri - Núrtughan aqynnyng «Kәneki, tilim, sóileshi» atty tolghauy oryndalyp jýrgen maqam.

Búl maqammen Syrdyng tómengi aghysy men Aral ónirinen songhy 40-50 jyl kóleminde shyqqan, esimderi elge belgili jyrshy-jyraular, termeshiler 7-8 buyngha qúrylghan tókpe jyrlardy terme-tolghaulardy oryndaghan jәne qazir olardan ýirengen ónerpazdar oryndap jýr. Olar: Nabat Oinarova, Rysbek Áshimov, marqúm Múrat Karimolliyn, Berik Jýsipov jәne osy maqalanyng avtory, t.b.

Ásirese, keyingi jyldary búl maqamdy bilmeytinder kem de kem desek, artyq aitqandyq bolmas. Óitkeni, jyrshy-termeshilerdi bylay qoyghanda, búl tolghaudy jana kórine bastaghan әnshi-ónerpazdargha deyin aitady.

Songhy jyldary búl shygharmany sahnada termeshilerden góri, әnshiler jii oryndaydy. Olay boluynyng basty sebebi - әuenning oinaqy da sazdy iyirimderinde, keng tynystylyghynda, Núrtughan tolghauynyng osy maqammen erekshe ýilesim tabuynda jatyr. Terme-tolghaulardy estradalyq ynghaygha salyp aitugha alghashynda qarsylyq bildirgen pikirler de az bolghan joq. Eger, múnday jaghdayda maqam ýilesim tauyp, búrynghysynan da qúlpyryp, jýrekke jyly tiyip jatsa, nege ansambliding sýiemeldeuimen aitpasqa?!

Biz kóterip otyrghan mәsele terme-tolghaudyng nemen sýiemeldengeninde jәne ony kimning oryndaghanynda emes, mәsele onyng maqamy men mәtinining ózgeriske úshyramauyna qatysty. Alayda, әzirshe shartty týrde «Kәneki, tilim, sóileshi» dep atalyp jýrgen maqamnyng songhy kezderi biraz ózgeriske úshyrap ketkendigi jayly kópten aitylyp jýr. Biraq ózgeriske úshyrady degende, búl ózgeru prosesining әrtýrli dengeyde bolatynyn eskergen jón. Mәselen, bir oryndaushy jyrdy nemese terme-tolghaudy aitu barysynda, maqamnyng týpnúsqasynyng әuenin týgel saqtay otyryp, aitys aqyndary siyaqty, ózining improvizatorlyq (suyryp-salmalyq) qabiletinin, oryndau sheberliginin, dauys diapazony mýmkindigining arqasynda, keybir tústaryn týrli nәzik iyirimdermen bayytyp jatsa, múny ózgertti dep aitugha bolmaydy.

Óitkeni, bir shygharmany әrkim ózinshe týrlendirip, qúbyldyryp aitu jyrshy-jyraulargha da, әnshi, kýishilerge de, jalpy óner adamyna ortaq qúbylys ekeni dausyz. Suyryp-salmalyq - tek aqyndargha ghana emes, býkil óner iyelerine tәn qasiyet. Búl qasiyet - qazaq halqynyng ghana emes, ónerge jaqyn halyqtardyng barlyghynyng da qanyna singen, yqylym zamannan qalyptasqan ýrdis.

Aqyn-jyraulargha tәn suyryp-salmalyq qasiyet turasynda, qazaqtyng túnghysh ghalymy Shoqan Shynghysúly Uәlihanovtyn: «...Ata-babalardyng erligi turaly jyr-dastandargha degende, halyqtyng sýiispenshiliginde shek joq, sonshalyqty mol múrany auyzdan-auyzgha, jazbasyz, baspasyz, alyp dalanyng bir shetinen, ekinshi shetine jetkizip, ghasyrlar boyy oida saqtau, olardyng (jyraulardyng - E.J.) suyryp-salma (improvizatorlyq) ghajap qabiletining kórinisi bolsa kerek» degen tújyrymynan artyq birdene aita qoi qiyn.

Úly ghalymnyng kez-kelgen jyr-dastandardy, olardy aitatyn maqamdar men әuenderdi ózderi shygharatyn jyraular jayly búl pikirinin, aqyndyq qabileti bolmasa da, jattap alu, ony maqamymen mәnerlep halyqqa aityp beru qabileti erekshe jyrshylargha da qatysy bar. Boyyna osynday qúndy qasiyetter daryghan oryndaushylardy ghana shyn óner iyesi, jyraulyq-jyrshylyq dәstýrdi jalghastyrushy deuge bolady.

Al, jogharyda aitqanymyzday bolmay, oryndau kezinde, jyrshy-termeshi negizgi әuennen auytqyp nemese óresinin, sheberligining jetpeui, ne úqypsyzdyghy nәtiyjesinde, onyng qajetti iyirimderi men keybir bólikterin tastap ketip, ne ózinshe búrmalap jiberse, búl - ózgeristing ýlkeni jәne oryndaushy ýshin keshirilmes kýnә, avtor men halyqtyq óner ýshin jasalghan orny tolmas qiyanat.

Sondyqtan da, izdestiru-zertteu júmystary barysynda bizge: «Búlay boluy nelikten?», «Búl kimning maqamy?», «Qay kezende dýniyege kelgen?», «Búryn búl maqamnyng óz mәtini boldy ma, bolsa ony kim shygharghan?», «Álde, osy maqammen buyny sәikes keletin kez-kelgen terme-tolghaulardy aita beruge bolatyndyqtan, avtory úmyt qaldy ma?» degen siyaqty kóptegen saualdargha jauap izdeuge, basqa da keybir jayttargha eriksiz kónil audarugha tura kelgen.

Aqyry, birneshe jyldar boyy Núrtughan aqyndyq-jyraulyq mektep ashqan ónirde jýrgizilgen izdestiru-zertteu júmystary nәtiyjesinde, atalghan maqamnyng negizinen eki núsqasy bar ekeni belgili boldy. Onyng birinshisi - shamamen, 19-ghasyrdyng ekinshi jartysynda dýniyege kelgen týpnúsqasy da, ekinshisi - 20-ghasyrdyng orta sheninen beri qaray azdy-kópti ózgeriske úshyraghan núsqasy.

Osy maqamnyng negizgi eki núsqasy jayly tiyanaqty da, meylinshe dәleldi pikir aitqandar arasynda ózimiz zertteu ayasyna alyp otyrghan Syr, Aral ónirine, tipti, respublikagha belgili jyraular men jyrshy-termeshiler, osy ónir auyz әdebiyeti men mәdeni, muzykalyq múralaryn, dәstýrli jyraulyq mektepterding tarihyn kóp jyldar boyy zerttegen әdebiyetshiler, tarihshy-etnograftar bar. Olar: Á.S.Ospanov, Aral audandyq Mәdeniyet ýiining diyrektory, sazger-kýishi Múrat Sydyqov, songhy jyldary dýnie jýzine aty mәlim bolghan araldyq jyrshy Rysbek Áshimov pen Amanótkel auylynyng túrghyny, marqúm Ábdilda Janabaev jyrau.

Ózimiz sóz etip otyrghan maqamnyng eki núsqasyn da osy attary atalghan kisilerding oryndauynda tyndaghanymyzda, әuendik jaghynan da, oryndalu stiyli men qaghysy jaghynan da biraz aiyrmashylyqtar bar ekenin bayqadyq. Ásirese, Á.S.Ospanovtyng oryndauyndaghy núsqa qazirgi aitylyp jýrgen núsqasynday ýsti-ýstine tópeleytindey emes, oryndaushygha onsha qiyndyq tughyzbaytyn, erekshe oinaqy, qúlaqqa jaghymdy, salmaqty, bayyppen oinalatyn, әueni әserli, nәzik te syrly iyirimderge toly, mazmúny bay shygharma eken. Oghan qosa, onyng belgili bir ritmdi saqtay qúrylghanyna, al, әuendi aitqanda da, dombyrada oinaghanda da birtindep «baspaldaqtap» kóterip, «baspaldaqtap» týsiru siyaqty qatang erejege, belgili bir әuendik, oryndaushylyq zandylyqtargha baghynatyn, kónildi әuen ekenine kóz jetti.

Taghy bir bayqaghanymyz - әr shygharmanyng ózining dýniyege kelu sәti, oryndalu mәneri, orny, ortasy bolatyndyghy, sonymen birge, qanday shygharmany bolmasyn, ortagha salghan kezde, aitushynyng osy jayttardy este qatang ústap, ortasyn tauyp, mәnerin saqtap, tarihyn jariya ete otyryp oryndauynyng qajettigi.

Bәri ólsheuli uaqytqa baghynghan kenestik, әsirese, qazirgi naryqtyq-kapitalistik zamanda oryndaushylardyng búrynghyday keng otyryp, bappen, bayyppen aita almaytyny jәne keyin de múnday mýmkindikting bolmaytyny, sonyng saldarynan jyraular men jyrshylardyng dәstýrli maqamdarynyng kópshiliginin-aq azdy-kópti ózgeristerge úshyrap, shyghu tarihy men avtorlarynyng birte-birte úmyt bolyp kelgendigi, әli de solay boluy mýmkin ekendigi óner adamdary men zertteushilerdi oilandyruy tiyis.

Áriyne, kez-kelgen maqamdy әr jyrau, jyrshy-termeshi óz shamasyna, dauys mýmkindigine qaray oryndaytyny belgili. «Ayaz, әlindi bil, Qúmyrsqa, jolyndy bil» dep úly babamyz Mayqy by aityp ketkenmen, jolyn da, әlin de bilmey әlekke týsetin keybireulerding kesiri últtyq muzykalyq qazynamyzdyng óz qúndylyghyn joghaltuyna septigin tiygizetini ókintedi. Óner tuyndysynda ózgeristerding payda boluynyng ekinshi jәne basty sebepterining biri - әuender men maqamdardy ýirenushiler men olargha ýiretushilerding osynday úqypsyzdyghynda, әsirese, aspapta oinau, sýiemeldeu sheberligining jetimsizdiginde, dauys yrghaghynyng mólsheri men tabighy darynynyng kemshindiginde ekeni dausyz.

Búl turasynda: «Múnday oinaqy da tolqymaly, myng qúbylyp, siqyrly sazymen janyndy baurap alatyn әuender men maqamdardy ózining týpnúsqasynda mengerip alugha «әu» deytinderding bәrining birdey shamalary jete bermeydi. Olar nәzik te ghajayyp iyirimderdi iykemge keltire almay, turalap tartyp, tópelep ketedi de, bastapqy syrly da symbatty әuen, ne maqam bar bolmysy men tamasha sazdylyghynan júrday bolyp, qúr aiqaygha qúrylghan jútang shygharma bolyp shygha keledi. Sizder sóz qylyp otyrghan maqam da osynday taghdyrgha tap bolghan tuyndylardyng biri», - deydi óner iyesi Á.S.Ospanov bizben súhbatynda.

Kezinde tól ónerimizdi tudyrghan óren jýirikterding múnday últtyq órnekke bay, qazaq halqynyng minez-qúlqyna, ósken ortasy men kýndelikti túrmys-tirshiligine tәn sipattaghy jyr maqamdarynyng jәne әn әuenderining týpnúsqadan azdy-kópti auytquyna sebepshi taghy bir jayt - qazirgi dybystyq tehnika damyghan zamanda ómir sýrip jatqan, osy salamen shúghyldanyp jýrgen, últtyq kolorit pen ghasyrlar boyy qalyptasqan, әbden ekshelip taza kýiinde jetken tuyndylardyng ereksheligin, tarihyn bayyptamay, qalay bolsa solay ózgertip (aranjirovka jasap) jatqan jas buyn ókilderining ózimbilemdigi.

Endi qozghalghan negizgi mәselege qayta oralayyq. Sonymen, «Kәneki, tilim, sóileshi» tolghauyn oryndaghanda, paydalanyp jýrgen maqamymyzdyng týpnúsqasynyng avtory kim?

Biz búl súraqty Sardarbek Qojaghúlov pen osy enbekting avtory siyaqty kóptegen jyraular men termeshiler jogharydaghy mektepten týlep úshqan әigili jyraulardyng maqamdaryn ýiretken, «alghashqy týpnúsqasy osy jәne búl maqam emes, әnning әueni» dep, dombyrada oinap kórsetken Á.S.Ospanovqa qoyghanbyz.

Ol: «Úmytpasam, ótken ghasyrdyng sekseninshi jyldarynyng bas kezi boluy kerek, Qyzylorda qalasyna bara jatqanymda, poezda bir top jerlesterimmen kezdesip qaldym. Olar «Qazanghap» atyndaghy Aral audandyq halyq aspaptary orkestrining mýsheleri eken. Sol kezdegi astanamyz Almatygha kelip, teledidargha týsip qaytyp bara jatqan betteri bolsa kerek. Olardyng arasynda Respublikagha tanymal ónerpaz, ózimning kópten biletin zamandasym Múrat Sydyqov, taghy basqa da azamattar bar bolyp shyqty. Ortalarynda tilin tósenkirep sóileytin, biraq dauysy ekpindi, әri taza bir qaratory jigit Núrtughannyng «Kәneki, tilim, sóileshi» degen tolghauyn tókpelep aityp otyrdy. Otyra qalyp, men de tyndadym.

Aytyp bitken son, men: «Tolghau Núrtughandyki, biraq maqamy kimdiki?» dedim, jigitting ózgesheleu aityp otyrghanyn angharyp. Ol: «Janabergen jyraudyki» dedi. Men: «Joq, búl birinshiden, Janabergen jyraudyki emes, Qúttyq Músabay jyraudyki. Ekinshiden, bylay oryndalady» dep, janaghy sizderge kórsetken núsqany tartyp berdim. Otyrghandar anyrysyp, bir-birine qarap qaldy. Sonan son, men ózim jinaghan múraghattar men kezinde jyrau, seri bolghan әkem Ospannan estigenderimdi tilge tiyek etip, dәleldep bergen son, olar moyyndaugha mәjbýr bolghan-dy» dedi.

Ábdisattar aghanyng әkesi, bala kezinen jyrshylyq, kýishilik, әnshilik ónerdi boyyna sinirip, qyryqtan asqansha serilik qúryp, el aralap ónerimen sol ónirge tanymal bolghan Ospan, ózining bozbala kezinde, sol Qúttyq Músabay jyraudy (qartayynqyraghan shaghynda) toy-tomalaqta jii kezdestiredi eken.

Keyinirek Ospan: «Sonday kezdesulerde Músabay ýnemi toydy ózining «Mening atym Músabay» degen әzil әnimen bastaytyn edi» dey kelip, balasyna:

Mening atym - Músabay,

At jiberdim túsamay,

Ózim jyrau bolyppyn,

Ata-anama (3 ret) úqsamay.

A-a-a-a, ata-anama úqsamay.

Qayyrmasy:

Men jyraumyn, jyraumyn,

Qamysqa týsken qyraumyn.

Aqsha berseng almaymyn,

Janqaltama (3 ret) salmaymyn.

A-a-a-a, janqaltama salmaymyn...

degen mәtindi jogharyda biz aghanyng oryndauynda tyndaghan әuenmen oryndap beredi. Á.S.Ospanov búl әndi Berdenov Tәjimbet jyraudan da talay ret estigen eken.

Aral ónirinde ómir sýrgen qaytalanbas talant iyesi Ýmbetәli jyrau birde sol audannyng ataqty ónerpazy Múrat Sydyqov, jyrshylar: Rysbek Áshimov, Bekúzaq Tәnirbergenov, Súraghan Myrzaevty shaqyrtyp alyp, ónerlerin synaydy. Sol joly Rysbek Núrtughannyng «Kәneki, tilim, sóileshi» tolghauyn osy maqammen oryndaghanda, Ýmbetәli: «Áygili Músabay jyraudyng kóterinki kónilmen aitatyn sazdy әnining әueni ghoy, sәl ózgerinkiregeni bolmasa» degen.

Osy derekterge qaraghanda, «Kәneki, tilim, sóileshi» tolghauynyng songhy 20-30 jyldan beri aitylyp kele jatqan maqamy Qúttyq Músabay jyraudyng keyinirek birshama ózgeristerge úshyraghan әueni ekendigi dau tughyzbasa kerek. Qazir osy maqam retinde paydalanylyp jýrgen núsqasynyng ózin әr oryndaushy ózindik erekshelikterimen aityp jýr.

Qay shygharmanyng da óz dengeyinde shyrqaluy oryndaushy ónerpazdyng oi-órisine, tuabitti talantyna, qabilet-qarymyna baylanysty. Jyrlap otyrghan jyrau-jyrshynyng minez-qúlqy, bet-әlpetindegi qúbylystar, ishki talgham-týsinigi, shabyt shaqyruy, maqam men ózderin sýiemeldeytin kez-kelgen aspapty mengeru dәrejesi oryndalatyn shygharmanyng sәtti ayaqtaluyna, tyndarmannyng kónilinen shyghuyna ýlken әser etedi. «Jýirikte de jýirik bar, әline qaray shabady» degen naqyl osynday erekshelikterge oray jәne dәl aitylsa kerek.

Búl arada biz «bir jyrshy dúrys, bir jyrshy búrys jyrlaydy» deuden mýlde aulaqpyz. Aytpaghymyz - «maqamnyng ózgermeuine, joghalyp ketpeuine atsalysyp, onsyz da talay taghdyr tәlkegin kórgen, ghasyrlardy artqa tastap, bizge jetken, bizden bolashaq úrpaghymyzgha múra bolyp qalatyn qasiyetti qazynamyzgha úqypty qarayyq, týpnúsqasyn joghaltyp almayyq» deu ghana.

Ár núsqany salystyra otyryp, olardyng qúrylymyndaghy ózgeristerdi ashyp aitqanymyzben, әrbir jyrshy-jyraudyng oryndau erekshelikterine baylanysty bir-birinen ózgeshelik bolmay túrmaytynyn, tipti, bir adamnyng ózi bir maqamdy on ret oryndasa da әrtýrli bolyp shyghatynyn da atap aitqan lәzim. Biraq, oryndaushy bir maqamdy aspapta әrtýrli dauys dengeyinde (tonalinosti) oryndasa da, ózine tәn qaghystary onsha ózgermeydi. Maqamnyng sonday dauys tembrimen alynghan әuezi de ózgermeui mýmkin. Maqamdar kóptegen jyldar boyy jyrau repertuarynda әbden pisip-jetilgen kezinde ghana improvizasiyalyq qasiyeti arta týspek. Jyrau ózine әbden senimdi bolatyn dәrejege jetkende, aspapty kez-kelgen jerden toqtatyp, maqamdy dauys arqyly-aq әrlendirip jiberedi.

Qoryta aitqanda, Aral ónirining maqamdary men әuenderinen shynayy ónerdi janynday sýietin, sheksiz darqandyqty, erkindikti qalaytyn qazaq degen jaysang halyqtyng býkil minez-qúlqyn, jan dýniyesin, bitim-bolmysyn kóruge bolady.

Paydalanylghan әdebiyetter:

1. B.Jýsipov. Myrzastaghy jyr mektebi. Almaty., «Rauan», 1992.

2. N.Kenjeghúlúly. Kәneki, tilim, sóileshi. 3-tom, «Marjan», A., 1994.

Elimira JANABERGENOVA, Qazaq Últtyq óner akademiyasynyng oqytushysy

«Aqiqat» jurnaly