Biyl Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng tughanyna 325 jyl toldy. Aytuly mereytoy ayasynda Astana, Almaty qalalarynda, Almaty, Shyghys Qazaqstan oblystarynda auqymdy sharalar josparlandy. Osyghan oray BAQ betterinde babamyzdyng arghy atalarynan, ómirinen, ósken ortasynan kópshilikke keninen tanys emes papaqtaryn jariyalap otyrudy jón sanadyq.             

QABANBAY BATYRDYNG BABASY – TOQTARQOJA

Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng arghy atalary, olardyng sol tústardaghy tarihy oqighalargha, qoghamdyq prosesterge aralasuy, ózderi ómir sýrgen ortalardaghy sayasi, әleumettik orny, ósip-óngen topyraghy túrghysynda tiyanaqty zerttelgen, taban tirer derekteri jetkilikti, túshymdy enbek әli jazyla qoyghan joq. Al әr týrli anyz, shejire, әdeby dýniyeler tarihy shyndyq bola almaydy. Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdy biz bolashaq úrpaqqa anyzdan ajyratyp, arshyp, naqtyly tarihy túlghasyn qalyptastyryp, beruimiz qajet. Sebebi, auyzsha dýnie qashan da kemshin. Onyng ýstine ol ara-túra shejireni aitushynyng ynghayyna búrylyp, jekelegen rudyn, toptyn, jeke adamdardyng soyylyn da soghyp ketedi. Jalpy últtyq mýdde, keyde, rulyq mýddening tasasynda qalady.

Osy olqylyqtardy toltyru ýshin әngimeni shejireden, ony taldaudan bastayyq. Shejire arqyly jazba tariyhqa keleyik. Salystyrayyq.

Qazaq shejiresinde músylmandyq bastau alghy kezekte túrady. Mysaly, Aqtaylaq by shejiresinde qazaq Ánnes sahabadan taraydy. Sóitip, barsha qazaqty arabtan, Múhammed payghambardyng  sahabasynan órbitedi. Músylmandyq jolgha týsedi.Ary qaray osy Ánnes sahabadan qazaqty tughyzyp, odan «Aqarys, Bekarys, Janarys ýsheu tuady. Bekarystan – Dayyrqoja, Momynqoja, Smaghúlqoja, Qonyrat, Qosymqoja, Qypshaq altau... Momynqojadan – Nayman, Naymantay ekeu. Naymannyng balasy Toqmaq degen jalghyz úly ólip, Aqsúlu 18 jasynda jesir qalady» deydi. (Aqtaylaq bi. Almaty, 1991j. 64-65-better). Búdan әri bar naymangha belgili toqsan ýshinde tósek janghyrtqan Ókiresh Shal oqighasy aitylady.

Ókiresh Shal HIV-HV ghasyrda ómir sýrgen degen tújyrymdy ghylymy orta maqúldady. Endi qaranyzshy, sahabalardan Ókiresh shalgha deyin mólsheri 700-jylday ótui tiyis. Sonda Ánnes sahaba eng kemi 700 jylday ómir sýrui kerek. Adam osynsha jasay ma? Onyng ýstine VI-ghasyrda, naq sol sahabalardyng túsynda, nayman Aryq Búqa, Semiz Búqa bastaghan ýlken memleket. Endeshe, shejirege sýiensek, osy nayman HIÝ ghasyrda qayta tuuy tiyis. Búl mýmkin be? Áriyne, janylys. Naymannyng arabqa eshqanday qatysy joq. Arab bizden әldeqayda kenje. Ar jaghymyz -ghún, saq, ortamyz-Kók Týrik, býginimiz-qazaq. Endeshe, shejire tarihy shyndyq emes.

Kelesi shejireshi-Shәkәrim qajy Qúdayberdiyev. Qajy ata naymandardy Ánnes sahabadan emes, Sofy myrzadan taratady. Sofy myrzadan Ókireshti tudyrady. Qajy ata Sofy myrzany, onyng balasy-mys Ókiresh Shaldy 1621 jyldary ómir sýrgen degenge sýieydi. Búl asa qisynsyz. Sebebi, 1621 jyldary Ókireshting dýniyeden ozghanyna 200 jylday ótken,әri nayman memleketi VI ghasyrda derbes sayasi, qoghamdyq qúrylym. Shәkәrim qajy naymandy on ghasyrgha kenjeletti. Mine, shejirening «tarihy dәldigi» osynday. Bizge tanys ózge shejireler de  kemisten ayaq alghyzbaydy. Sóitip, Aqtaylaq by men Shәkәrim qajy shejiresi, sol siyaqty basqa da shejirelerding nayman tarihynan ghylymy dәiekti dәlel, aqparat bere almaytynyna kóz jetkizemiz. (Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiyev.Týrkilerdin, qyrghyzdardyn, qazaqtardyng jәne handar әuletining shejiresi. Almaty. «Jazushy», 1990 j. 73-74-b.b.)

Qúrbanghaly Halidiyding shejiresin de sóz etsek, artyqtyq etpes. Halidy da naymandy «Nayman» atty adam-jeke túlgha retinde ataydy. Sóitip, alghashqy eki shejireshining qateligin týp-týgel qaytalaydy. Ol kisi bylay jazady «Orta Jýzding ózinen, yaky balasynan Nayman tughan. Naymannyng balasy-Ókiresh...» Halidy da el ortasyndaghy ýzin-júlqyn, salystyrmasy, aiqyndamasy joq, estigenin jazyp alghany kórinedi. (Halidy Q.Tauarih Hamsa (Bes tariyh) Almaty, 1992 j. 94-b.)

Angharsanyz, atalyp otyrghan ýsh shejire ýsh jaqqa tartyp barady. Búl tandanatyn nemese synap, mineytin nәrse emes. Shejirelerge tәn olqylyq. Auyzsha berilgen aqparattardyng barlyghyna ortaq jaghday-norma. Shejiredegi jetimsizdik, shejireshilerding derekterining osynday ala-qúlalyghy Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng ghúmyrnamasynda da mol. Aqtaylaq biydin, Shәkәrim qajynyn, Qúrbanghaly Halidiyding shejireleri býginge jetken shejirelerding kónesi bolyp tabylady. Endi osy shejirelerding Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng arghy jaghy turaly jazyp qaldyrghanyn qarastyryp kóreyik.

Aqtaylaq by shejiresi Saybekhannan Toqtamyshan, odan Toqtarqoja, Tolymqoja, Qoyshyagha tudy deydi. Saybekhan kóp shejirelerde «Naymanbala» atalady, ruy auyzgha alynbaydy. By ata ony qajet dep tappaghan sekildi.  Sebebi, jazyp, aityp otyrghany nayman shejiresi ghoy. Toqtarqoja naymandy-«nayman» dep nesin jazsyn. Keyinnen Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng ar jaghyn bireuler búra tartady dep oilamaghan. Shejire boyynsha Saybek pen Júpar qaytys bolyp, elge jau tiyedi. Qashqyn bolghan Toqtarqoja Qarakerey ishindegi Bayys biyge toqtap, jylqysyn baghady. Aqtaylaq shejiresining úzyn-yrghasy osynday.

Endi Shәkәrim qajy Qúdayberdiyev atamyzdyng shejiresine toqtalayyq. Búl maghan tanys nayman shejirelerining arasyndaghy eng tolymsyzy, «әp» degennen balasy Qytay әkesi Tólege (Tólegetay dep biliniz)  әke bolyp bastalady. On ata nayman segizge qysqaryp, Sadyr men Kókjarly auyzgha alynbaydy. Kim, kimnen tudy-ayyryp alu asa qiyn. Bir janylys, ekinshi janylys... Sóitip keledi de, ayaq astynan «Bayystyng qyzy Maqta sartqa (ózbekke) kýieuge tiyip, Erjigit, Bayjigit degen eki úl tudy. Erjigit әkesimen Týrkistangha ketti...» dep jәne qatelesedi. Aqiqatynda balalar: ýlkeni-Bayjigit, kishisi-Janjigit. Bes Bayys, Múryn-Bayjigit, Bayjigit shejireleri-Bayjigit, Janjigitti atauda bir izdi, eki pikir joq. Qajekeng búrys ketken. Maqta-Erjigit esimdi úl tumaghan. «Sartty» qaydan shygharghany jәne júmbaq. (Sh.Qúdayberdiyev, Shejire... Almaty, 1990 j. 74-bet).

Kelesi shejire-M.Tynyshbaevtiki. Múnda Tórt Tólegetaydyng qara shanyraghy Tórtuyldyng aitylmay qaluy shejireni Múhang ózi salghan Týrkistan-Sibir temirjoly boyynan jazyp alghan, shyghystaghy naymangha joly týspegen degen oigha shaqyrady. Temirjol boyynda býgingi kýnge deyin de tórtuyl auyldary kezdespeydi. Shejire naymandy birden Tólegetaydan taratady. Jalqy úly Qytay atalmay Tólegetaydan Qarakerey, Matay, Sadyrdy tudyrady. «Aytulargha qaraghanda» degen sózdi jii paydalanyp, júrttan jinaghanyn eskertip otyrady. Toqtarqoja turaly «Toqtar degen qoja keldi» dep qysqa qayyrady. Shejirege asa mәn bermeydi.

Mine, ýsh shejire, әdettegidey, ýsh derek  ústatty. Osylardyng eng kónesi Aqtaylaq biyden qalghan múra. Endeshe, naq osy shejireden HVII ghasyrdyng basynda, Toqtarqoja Bayys biyge kelgende qanday eleuli oqighalar ótkenin jinaqtap, zerttep kóreyikshi.1692 jyly tughan Qarakerey Qabanbaydan Toqtarqojagha deyin tórt ata-mólsheri 100 jyl. Sonda Toqtarqoja 1590 jyldardyng ar jaq, ber jaghynda ómirge kelgen. Ol Bayys biyge saqa jigit-otyzdardan asqan  shaghynda, bizge belgisiz (әzirshe) bir sebeppen qatyn-balasyn tastap, eki inisimen qashyp keledi. Búl-shamamen 1625-1630 jyldar.

Nayman shejiresining naq osy kezendegi jay-japsaryn múqiyat zerttesen, tan-tamasha oqighalargha kezigesin.

1.Tashkent, Samarqan, Búqara, Horezmge nayman-Sarjomart pen Bayys by osy kezde ýnemi sauda toghanaghyn aparyp jýredi. Búl bar shejirede aitylady. Ol elderding saltynda úzaq shamagha kelgen azamat uaqytsha ýilenuge mindetti bolypty. Sol sebepti Bayys by de songhy barysynda qatyn alady-mys. Atamyzdyng egdelengen kezi. Jaryqtyq ayaq asty Saryarqadaghy Qaraghash-Jaltyrkól-Qazanshúnqyrda otyrghan eline qaytpaq bolghanda kelinshegi:

-Biyeke, ayaghym auyr,-depti.

-Mә, mynau-mening taqiyam. Úl tusa, atyn Bayghana qoyasyn. Qyz tusan, ózing bil. Ombydan beri, Qyzyljardan ary otyrmyz. Izdep, tabarsyndar. Taqiyamdy el tanidy,-dep, jolgha shyghyp ketedi. Suyt ketedi. Ángime úzaq. Qysqarta aitayyq. Er jete Bayghana men anasy Bayys biydi izdep, tabady. (Qarakerey shejiresi. S.Amandyq, Almaty, 1998 j. 22-23b). Bayghana joldasy Bolatshyny erte keledi. (S.Amandyq. Qarakerey shejiresi, Almaty, 1998 j. 23-bet).

Qarakereyding ýlken eki atasy Bayghana men Bolatshy naymangha Toqtarqoja, Tolymqoja, Qoyshyaghalarmen irkes-tirkes, bir mezgilde jetedi. Naymandargha qosylyp kete barady. Barlyghy da Bayys biyding túsynda.

«Qazybekten Baghanas, Toghanas degen eki úl tuady. Búl eki bala bir shabyndyda adasyp, qanghyp ketip, Saryjomart izdep, Taqyny (Toghanasty) Ýrgenish degen qalada... tauyp... kókjal atyn berip alady. Sodan Toghanas Kókjarly atanady... Baqyny (Baghanasty) Búqara manynda tanyp, burasyn berip alady. Sodan Baqyny Bura atandyrghan» (Aqtaylaq bi. Almaty 1991 jyl, 67-bet).

Ómirden erterek ozghan, ghylym doktory Ermek Sәlimbaydyng Bura shejiresinde Buradan ózine deyin 15 ata sanapty. Ár atagha tiyesili 25 jyldy 15 atagha kóbeytsek, 375 jyl shyghady. Ermek 1966 jylghy. Sonda 1966-dan 375-ti alsaq, Bura mólsheri 1590 jyldary tughan. Búl Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng tórtinshi atasy Toqtarqoja tughan merzimmen tústas. (E.Sәlimbay, Ata-baba tarihynan. Almaty, 2007 j. 167-bet).

Baqy men Taqy (Bura men Kókjarly) qúrby bolghandyqtan, shejirege say Kókjarly da sol shamada tughany anyq. Búl da Bayys biyding túsy. Sonda Shejiredi aitylatyn Bayghana, Bolatshy, Kókjarly, Bura, Toqtarqojanyng tughan merzimderi shamalas, barlyghy qatar qúrby. Bir shamada Bayysqa keledi.

Sóitip, Bayys bi, Sarjomarttardyng túsynda naymangha bes ruly el kelip qosyldy. Olardyng ekeui-Bura men Kókjarly-toghyz ata bolyp otyrghan qazaq naymandaryn on bir atagha jetkizdi. Ýsheui-Bayghana, Bolatshy, Toqtarqojadan tughan Bayjigit, «Bes Bayys» atalyp otyrghan Qarakereyding Bayys bútaghyn segizge jetkizdi. Naq osy kezden qazaq naymandary Baltaly, Baghanaly, Qarakerey, Matay, Sadyr, Tortuyl, Kókjarly, Bura, Sarjomart, Teristanbaly, Dýrmen bolyp qalyptasty. Anyzgha sәikes Bura men Kókjarlynyng býgingi ózbek jerinen kelip qosyluy-qazaq naymandarynyng shejiresin birjolata túiyqtady. Kýni býginge deyin nayman qazaq ishinde osylay ajyratylady. Qalghandary ózbektenu prosesinen ótip, «ózbek» atalyp ketti. Biraq olar da tegin úmytpay «naymanbyz» deydi. Al, Qarakereyding Bayys tarmaghy 1600 jyldardyng basyna deyin Múryn, Syban, Qyrjy, Shórentay, Aqymbet atalyp kelse, endi olargha Bolatshy men Bayghana jәne Toqtarqojadan tughan Bayjigit qosyldy. Búlar býgingi kýnge osy qalpynda jetti. Qyzyghy, segiz ata bolsa da, qazir «Bes Bayys» atalady. Týsingen shygharsyz. Eskerte keter bir jayt-sol shaqtarda Kókjarly men Bura negizinen Úlytaudy mekendegen synayly. Sarjomarttyng tauyp alyp, Arqadaghy naymandargha  qosyp jýrgeni ózbek jerinde bólinip qalghan az ghana toby bolsa kerek.

Atap aitatyn bir jaghday-«Toghyz tanbaly, on bir ata Nayman» degende tek qana qazaq  halqynyng qúramyndaghy naymandardy atap otyrmyz. Búlardyng syrtynda ózbek, qyrghyz, qaraqalpaq, týrkimen, әzirbayjan, tatar, noghay, tipti, tәjik ishinde de naymandar bar. Olardy da atap ketsek artyq bolmas: qyzyl, dýrben, qara, ókiresh, bostorghoy, bazar, bolday, chanteke, ýshtay, býie, myrza, juanbút, kókshi, qúran, qashay, bua, qasharqúl, sar (sary) loqay-nayman (tәjikte), kýn, jerde,pәski (kishkene), katta (ýlken). Ázirge mening kezdestirgenderim-osylar. Qyrghyzda Oshtaghy naymandarda meyman boldym. Tәjik naymandarymen eki jyl aralastym. Ózbek naymandarymen toghyz jyl baryp-keludemiz. Noghay, tatar naymandarymen 2003 jyly kezdestim.

Sonymen, Bayys biyding túsyndaghy 1620-1640 jyldary ózge últtardyng qúramynda qalyp qoyghan naymandardyng ýlken toptary qazaq naymandaryna qosyldy. Qazaq naymandarynyng ózge últtardaghy naymandardan oqshaulanu prosesi ayaqtalyp, Qazaq naymandary tolyqtay qalyptasty, búl tarihy ýrdis tiyanaqtaldy. On bir ata nayman qazaq atandy. Tarihy faktiler, shejire derekteri osynday tújyrym jasaugha jeteleydi.

Óz basym «Baqy men Taqy joghalyp, tabyldy», «Bayghana taqiya alyp, Bolatshyny erte keldi» degenge onsha-múnsha senbeymin. Kókjarly men Bura- әlimsaqtan VI-VII ghasyrdan naymanmen qatar jasasyp kele jatqan kóne, baghzy rular. Ataulary ózgerip otyrsa, ol basqa әngime. On bir ata naymannyng kez kelgeni yqylymnan tamyr tartady. Shejire oqighany dәl taba almasa, ony birneshe ghasyrgha azaytyp ta, kóbeytip te jiberedi. Mysaly, Aqtaylaq by shejiresinde «Naymannyng әulie kelini Belgibaygha ýshinshi әiel әperedi... Búdan Baghanaly, Baltaly degen el taraydy» deydi. (Aqtaylaq bi, 67-bet). Belgibay-Ókireshting jalqy úly. Mólsheri, HV ghasyrdyng ortasynda tuady. Olay desek, Baghanaly men Baltaly shejirege say HV ghasyrdyng jetpisinshi jyldary tuuy tiyis. Alayda, shejirening osy túsy-týbegeyli qate.

Býgingi nayman-baghanalylar ózderin Ketbúqadan taratady. Ol-Joshy hannyn, Qúlaghu hannyng bas qolbasshysy, «Aqsaq qúlan» kýiining avtory, Joshy ólimin Shynghyshangha jetkizushi ataqty kemenger. Iran, Irak, Siriya, Izraili jerlerin basyp alghan Úly qolbasshy, Evreydi 10 jyl biyleydi. Osy Ketbúqa danyshpan 1260 jyly kýzde, 80-ge tayanghan shaghynda maydan ýstinde Qútyz súltannyng qolynan qaza tapqany anyq. (T.Júrtbay Dulygha, Almaty, 2007 jyl, 387-bet). Áne, auyzeki shejire men tarihy jazba derekterding aiyrmasy.

Endi Kókjarly, Bayghana, Bolatshy turaly óz oiymdy aitudyng reti keldi bilem. Meninshe, qazaq handyghy nyghayyp, jeri kenigen song qazaq qúramyndaghy naymandardyng basshylary-Bayys bi, Sarymyrza (Sarjomart) qatarly el aghalary tuys qamyn jep, Tashkent, Samarqan, Búqara, Horezm, Ýrgenish, Hiuada qalyp qoyghan naymandardy jiystyryp, qazaq handyghyna kóshirip әkelip jýr. Jalpy últtyq, memlekettik manyzy asa zor júmys atqarghan.

Endi Toqtarqoja oralayyq. Shejireler onyng atasy Naymanbalanyng Horezmde,Shaybanitterde amanatta bolghanyn jazbay aitady. Ábilhayyr handyghynyng «kóshpeli ózbekter» qauymdastyghyndaghy naymandar  sol zamanda orasan zor kýshke ie edi. Onyng sebebin M.Tynyshbaev naymandardyng adam sanynyng moldyghymen týsindiredi. Al, Shibandar degen kim? Oghan ghalymdar bylay jauap beredi. «Shiban úlysynda ómir sýrgen naymandardyng bir toby basqa da týrki jәne monghol tildes taypalarmen birge ortaq ataugha ie boldy. Ol shibandyqtar degen atau» (Nayman. Almaty 2008 j. 2 kitap, 28-bet). N.A.Aristov búdan da ary ketedi. Álem moyyndaghan ghalym mynaday derek ústatady: «...nastoyashimy uzbekamy byly toliko drujiny, pribyvshie s Sheybanidami, zerna etih drujin doljny byly sostavlyati glavnym obrazom ostatky «korennogo» mongoliskogo voyska Djuchi; ety rody uyas-durmen, kiyat, kungrat, uyshun, nayman»...Qazaqshasy-«Naghyz ózbekter dep Sheybandarmen birge kelgen әskerdi aitady. Olardyng týp negizin Joshy hannan qalghan ejelgi mynghúl jasaghy qúrady. Olar:  úyas-dýrmen, qiyat, qonyrat, ýisin, nayman rulary edi.»  (N.A.Aristov. Usuny y kirgizy ily kara-kirgizy. Bishkek. 2001 g. 370-str)(N. A. Aristov. Ýisinder men qyrghyzdar jәne qara qyrghyzdar. Bishkek. 2001 jyl, 370 bet)

Atalyp otyrghan Sheyban qazaq arasynda Sәiben, Seybaq, Shәiben, Sәdibek dep te nyspylanady. Qabanbay batyrdyng arghy jaghy turaly

«Atamyz Toqtarqoja Sәibekhannan,

Kezinde ozghan eken myng men sannan»

degen joldardyng týpki, úmyt bolghan maghynasy endi týsinikti boldy. Nayman balanyng Sәibektin-Shibandardyng han sarayynda óskenin, onyng nayman eltútqasynyng balasy ekenin shejire osylaysha, auyz әdebiyetinin, auyzsha shejirening normalaryna sәikes auystyra saqtap qalghan. Naymanbala ósken han ordasy Ýrgenish-Horezmde. Shәkәrim qajynyng Toqtarqojany «ózbek-sart» deuining sebebi osy.Tipti, býgin de, úyatta bolsa aitayyq qytaydan, mynghúldan, qaraqalpaqtan kelgen qazaqtardy qysqarta-qytay, mynghúl, qaraqalpaq deymiz bar. Shәkәrimderden qalghan ynghaysyz ýrdis әli bar. Kerey han men әz Jәnibek sol kezdegi óz mekenimiz, qazirgi ózbek jerinen kóship, Shu boyyndaghy Moghol hany Esenbúqagha kelip qonystandy ghoy. Shәkәrim qajy býgingi ózbek jerinen kóshken olardy «sart-ózbek» demeydi. Toqtarqojany ghana ataydy.Sebebin týsinu qiyn. Shәkәrimúly Ahattyn  «Ákem shejiresinde biraz janylys baryn aityp, týzetpekshi edi. Ýlgermedi» degen eken. Demek qajekeng qateleskenin úqqan ghoy.

Shynghyshannyng keyingi úrpaqtary-Shaybandar, onyng úrpaghy týrki rulary basshylarynyng balalaryn amanatqa alyp otyrghan. Búl shara amanatqa bala bergenderding bas kótermeui, ózgege auysyp ketpeui ýshin istelgen. Osynday amanatta Naymanbala da bolghanyn Qarakerey Qabanbay batyr turaly kitaptarda jazylyp jýr. Qysqartyp, eske týsiru ýshin oralyp otyrmyz.

Horezm memleketining ishi sayasy kýresining ayaghy qandy qaqtyghysqa soqqanyn shejire ózinshe, auyz әdebiyetine sәikes aitady.  Horezm Memleketining hanyn-әkelerin 1621 jyly óltirip, memleketti bes jylgha juyq úldary-Ábish pen Elbarys tartyp alady. Biraq keyin qarsy jaq kýsh alyp, eki úl óltiriledi. Eki úldyng naghashylary-naymandar bas saughalaugha mәjbýr bolady. Búl oqigha jayly Ábilghazy bahadýr  400 jyl, N. Aristov 150 jyl, M. Tynyshbaev pen Shәkәrim qajy  100 jyl búryn jan- jaqty jazyp ketken. Qaytalaudyng qajeti joq shyghar. Mine, Horezmdegi osy oqighadan keyin boy tasalap, óz naymanyna uaqytsha, artyndaghy shu basylghansha kelgen Toqtarqojany «han túqymynan» dep búlghaqsyz sóileydi. Aqtaylaq shejiresi de Sәibek hannan taratqany esimizde. Ahmady shejiresi de Shaybaq hannan shygharady Toqtarqojany. Al tóbe by Sýleymen toghyz atasyn han qylyp kórsetedi. Bar shejire birauyzdy. Naymanbala Shibandarda amanatta bolghan nayman el tútqasynyng balasy.

Kelesi bir asa manyzdy jaghday-naymandar naq osy HVI-HÝII ghasyrda, Toqtarqojanyng túsynda ózbekte, týrkimende asa quatty, memleket isine tikeley aralasyp otyrghan, patshanyng ong jaghynan oryn alghan, ózgelerge des bermeytin ru edi degendi M.Tynyshbaev dәleldep ketken. «Naymandar... Syr boyyndaghy qalalardy, Ýrgenishti basyp alugha... Joshy hannyng qolbasshylyghymen qatysyp Aral men Kaspiy tenizining aralyghyna qonystanyp qaldy,.. Joshy úlysynyng ortalyghy  Aral-Kaspiy tenizderi aralyghyna auysqanda ... nayman óz ýlesterine jer aldy». (Nayman. Almaty, 2008 j. 335 bet). Kórip otyrsyzdar, naymandar Syr boyyna, býgingi ózbek jerine, Ýrgenish, Horezmge 1220 jyldargha deyin qonystanyp ýlgergen. Tamyrlanghan. 1621 jyldary osynday mol kýsh jiyenderi Ábish jәne Elbarysty qoldaghan shyghar. Sóitip, taqqa jiyenderin jeteledi. Osy kez turaly Shәkәrim ata mynaday maghlúmat beredi: «Taqqa Samarqandtyq Hosrau degendi otyrghyza almaghan son, Sofy Myrzanyng balasy Ókiresh qazaqtargha kóship ketti». (Shәkәrim Qúdayberdiúly, Shejire... Almaty, 1990 j. 75-bet). Shәkәrim ata osy jerde Ókiresh Shaldyng emes, (ol kezde Ókireshting dýniyeden ótkenine 200 jyldan asqan) Ókiresh naymandardyng ózbek jerinde qalghan ýlken tobynyn-Toqtarqoja, Tolymqoja, Qoyshyagha esimdi qara naymandardyn, Bayghana, Bolatshy, Kókjarly, Bura naymandardyng qazaqqa ýdere  kóshkenin aityp otyr. Osy jaghday naymangha qatysty taghy da bir derekti kóteruge jeteleydi. Ol jayly M.Tynyshbaev bylay jazady: «1625 jyly әkesin óltirgender óltirildi. Naymandar Horezmnen 3 baghytqa qashty...» (M.Tynyshbaev. Qazaq halqynyng tarihyna qatysty materialdar. Tashkent, 1925 j. 56 bet ) Qashqyndardyng biri-Toqtarqoja.  Shәkәrim qajynyng «sart» deu sebebi, búlar Horezmnen aughan.

Bayys by Toqtarqojamen ejelden tanys siyaqty. Búghan mynaday dәlel bar.

Qazaqtyng baylyghynyng da, barlyghynyng da basy, týp negizi-jylqysy. Jylqyny saqa, asa senimdi, boyynda kýshi, qarynda quaty bar jigitter ghana baghady. Bayys biyding elinde aptal azamat az emes-ti. Soghan qaramastan jylqyshylardy da, jylqyny da Toqtarqojagha tapsyrady. Nege? Óitkeni, Bayys by Horezm, Hiuadaghy, Samarqandaghy «kóshpeli ózbek» atalyp jýrgen qazaqtardyng arasyndaghy tekti túqymnan shyqqan Toqtarqoja naymanmen arydan tonnyng ishki bauynday aralasyp, bilisip ketken

Qazaq jeti atasyn bilmegen jerden qyz alyp, qyz berispegen. Onyng ýstine Bayys sekildi býkil eli auzyna qaraghan degdar bay «ten-tenimen, tezek-qabymen» degen qazaqy qaghidany berik ústanghan. Bayys biyding qúdasy, kýieu balasy ózimen iyq tenes, tegi qarakók boluy-mindet. Bet-bedelin, abyroy-ataghyn ólimnen de joghary ústaytyn Bayys bay Toqtarqojanyng ózge elde qalghan nayman el tútqasynyng túqymy ekenin, aralaryna jeti ata týsip ketkenin anyq bilgen song bergen jalghyz qyzy, erketotay Maqtany.

Toqtarqoja keterinde «jýrmeymin» degen Maqtany qinaghan da, renjigen de joq. Qayyn atasynyng bauyrynda ósken Bayjigitti anasynan ajyratpay tastap ketti. Biraq qazaqta «Qara shanyraq» degen qasiyetti úghym bar. Sol úghym, qazaqshylyghy kenjesi-Janjigitti tastatpady. Bolsan, osynday-aq qazaq bol!

Qarakerey Qabanbaydyng arghy atalary turaly aitushylar men shejireshilerde Nayman bala әz Jәnibek hanmen tústas. Áz Jәnibek Júpar anagha jerdi óz ýkimimen bólip beredi. Búl oqigha jóninde barlyq shejireler men shejireshiler, Darabozdyng óz úrpaqtary pikirles. Ózgedey auan joq. Eki-ýsh qiyrgha tartyp túratyn shejire búl mәselede basqa aighaq úsynbaydy.

Toqtarqojanyng atasy Sәibek pen anasy Júpar qazaq hany Áz Jәnibekpen syilasymdy boldy. Júpar ana әz Jәnibekpen teng sóilesedi. Osy-aq Toqtarqojanyng qarakók tekti ekenin, ony Jәnibekting bilgenin aighaqtaydy.

Toqtarqoja shynymen qoja bolsa, qojalyghyn ister edi. Bala sýndettep, shәkirt oqytyp, janaza shygharyp, sadaqa jinap, mal tapsa jarasady. Alayda, ne ózi, ne inileri dindi manaylamaydy, qojalyqtyng nyshany joq. Qoyshyagha serilik qúryp ketedi neshe jyl. Sóitip jýrip, Qyzay anagha ýilenedi.Sol tústarda seri atanghan qojany estigeniniz bar ma? Al ózbek sauda jasap, teri-tersek jinasa kerek-ti.Endeshe Naymanbala-(Sәibekhan) Shәibenderde amanatta ósken nayman Eltútqasynyng úly. Odan órgen Toqtarqoja da nayman emey, kim bolsyn.

Shәkәrim atanyng ózbekti «sart» deuining astarynda ne jatqanyn týsinu qiyn. Jeti jasynda әkesi ólip, Abay dananyng tәrbiyesinde ósken qajy atanyng Abaydyng Qarasózderin bilmeui mýmkin emes. Endeshe, Ekinshi sózde «Men bala kýnimde estushi edim, bizding qazaq sartty kórse, kýlushi edi, enendi úrayyn keng qoltyq, shýldirlegen tәjik dep» deydi. Abay sartty ózbekten bólip qaraytynyn Shәkәrim qajy qalay angharmady eken? (Abay. Qarasóz. Poemalar. Almaty, 1993 j. 9 bet). Ózbek-sart emes. Onyng ýstine qazaq atam zamannan beri «Ózbek-óz agham, sart-sadagham» dep ózbek pen sarttyn-tәjikting arajigin ajyratyp, ózbek tuysymyz ekenin aityp keledi. Býgingi qazaq 550 jyl búryn ghana Ábilhayyr hannyng Ózbek Úlysynan bólinip shyqqany tarihy fakt.

Reti kelgende aita keteyin-Samarqan many túnyp túrghan qazaq rularynyng attaryndaghy auyldar. Qyshlaq attary-Baghanaly, Baltaly, Balghaly, Besbala, Besnayman, Dýrmen, Jaghalbayly, Zarman, Qanly, Qarabaghanaly, Qaranayman, Qataghan, Qiyat, Qonyrat, Manghyt, Nayman, Naymansaray, Naymantepe, Naymanauyl (ózbek qyshlaq deydi ghoy), Shanyshqyly, Saryqypshaq, Ókiresh, Taraqty, Kerey, Shapyrashty, Joghary ýisin, Janghúly, Tórtuyl, Toqmaq, Sadyr, Qarakesek, Qanjyghaly, Qarqúrsaq, Shómekey, Saryqúl, Jambay... Búl, men biletin qazaq rulary. Búl ataular býgingi ózbek jeri әz Jәnibek pen Naymanbala kezinde qazaqqa meken bolghanyn aityp túrghan joq pa?! Osyny tarihy enbektermen tanys Shәkәrim, әriyne, bildi. Onda «sarty» nesi? Júmbaq!

Samarqannan 30 shaqyrymda jalpy naymannyng shejire boyynsha bastauy Ókiresh Shal jerlenipti. Babagha ózbek naymandary 1988 jyly belgi qoyyp, molasyn saqtap otyr eken. 2011 jyly qazaq azamattary jinalyp, kórnekti, el qyzygha qaraytyn qúlpytas ornattyq. Biyiktigi-3 metr, eni-1,5 metr qyzyl granit atamyzdyng mәngilik ornyn belgilep túr qazir. As berdik. Oghan jogharyda atalghan rular kóptep qatysty.

Naq osy Samarqandy Alshyn Jalantós Bahadýr biyledi emes pe? Odan әri, batysqa qaray Áyteke biyge kesene túrghyzyldy. Ynghaysyzdau shyghar, sonda da aitayyq. Jalantós bahadýr de, Áyteke by de Alshyn ishindegi Tórtqara taypasynan. Naq osy Tórtqara Matay ishinde de bar. Búlar kezinde bir ru bolghan, keyinnen biri batysta qalyp, ekinshisi naymanymen kóship ketken, ekige bólingen bir ata siyaqty.Kezinde nayman-alshyn júp bolypty. Búghan qytay ghalymy Su Behaydyng myna bir deregi kuә «HIII ghasyrdyng alghashqy jartysynda qalyptasqan odaqtyng qúramynda nayman, qara qazaq, alshyn, qonyrat, jalayyr taypalary bolghan.» (Túrsynhan Zekenúly. Syr boyyndaghy Tólek ata, Qylyshty ata kesenesi. Astana2003 j. 8 bet)

Eng ghajaby, ózbek naymandary Aqsaq Temirdi dýrben nayman, onyng ishinde barlas tabynan dep otyr. Qazaq arasynda Shymkentte, Týrkistanda, Qyzylordada, Astana týbinde ózderin «nayman ishindegi dýrmenbiz» deytin ýlken júrt bar.

Osy jerde myna bir ghylymy derekti keltire ketsek: «VII ghasyrgha qaray naymandarda úlys qúru ahualy pisip- jetilip, nәtiyjesinde han basqarghan derbes memleket tarih sahnasyna keldi. Janadan qúrylghan konfederasiyanyng qúramynda segiz taypa: nayman, tatar, qataghiyn, saljiut, mergit, derben, ybura, tayjiuttar endi». (E.Sәlimbay Ata-baba tarihynan, Almaty, 2007 j. 34-bet).  VII-ghasyrdaghy ataular býgin de asa kóp ózgermegen. Nayman, tatar,qataghan, merkit,dýrmen týsinikti. Derekkóz Qytaydan eken. Olarda «r» әrpi joq. Osy әripti «l» әrpining ornyna qoysaq, «saljiuttan»-sarjomart kórinedi.  Tayjiut-HIII gasyrda sәl ózgerdi-taychiut ataldy.«Ybura» dan-bura anyq kórinedi.

Mergit-merkit turaly bir auyz sóz. «Týp-túqiyannan ózime sheyin» degen kitapta (Qazbek bek Tauasarúly, Týp-túqiannan ózime sheyin. Almaty. Jalyn. 1993 j. 96-bet). Merkit pen Shapyrashty biri balasy, biri әkesi. Tek, әdettegi  shejire deregi siyaqty әke men balanyng orny auysqan tәrizdi. Búlay deytinimiz shapyrashtylar taraytyn Bәidibek babamyz HÝ-HÝI ghasyrlarda ómir sýrse kerek, sebebi, kishi kelinshegi Domalaq Ana 1376-1378  jyly tudy dep tarihshylar da, shejireshiler de naqtyly kórsetip jýr. Endeshe, kónesi ÝII ghasyrdan bar Merkit qoy. Soghan qaraghanda búlar da naymannan alys emes..

Syr boyyndaQarakerey Qabanbay batyrdy arghy atasy Toqtarqojanyng esimine baylanysty qojalardyng shejiresine qosyp qoyghanyn estidik. Ataqty Kerey Qojabergen jyraudy, Shanyshqyly Berdiqoja batyrdy, Uaq Sarqoja biydi, Qojamjar sheshendi kirgizbegenine shýkir! M.Tynyshbaevtyng «Toqtar degen qoja keldi» degenin betke ústasa kerek olar. Búl  Toqtarqojanyn, onyng ar jaghynyng tarihy oqighalaryn, solardyng túsyndaghy lauazym, shenderdi bilmeuden tughan qatelik. M.Tynyshbaevtyng «qoja» degende ne aitqysy kelgenin týsinbeu.

Múny da taldayyq. Aldymen Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdy bizden әldeqayda jaqsy bilgen zamandastary-Búqar, Aqtamberdi, Ýmbetey, Sarshuash jyraulargha Áyteke, Tóle, Qazbek biylerge, Abylayhangha, óz úrpaqtaryna jýgineyik. Osy Babalarymyzdan Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng nayman ekenine kýmәn keltirgen bir auyz sóz qalghanyn estigeniniz bar ma?

Áriyne, joq. Kerisinshe, Búqar dana:

Qarakerey Qabanbay,

Qanjyghaly Bógenbay,

Shaqshaqúly Jәnibek,

Qaz dauysty Qazybek,

Ormanday kóp Orta jýz

Sodan shyqqan tórt tirek,- dep,

batyrdyng ruyn «Qarakerey» dep tap basyp aityp túrghan joq pa? Úmytpauymyz, jadydan shygharmauymyz qajet-qazaq últynyng kózi de, sózi de bolghan Úly Atalyq, Alash júrtynyng arasynda Kómey Áulie atanghan Búhar danyshpangha reviziya jasalmaydy. Aytqany-shyndyq. Álde «... Qazaqta Qarakerey Qabanbayday... batyr bolghan emes» degen Mәshhýr Jýsip Kópey әuliyemen sóz jarystyramyz ba? Ol jaryqtyq ta «Qarakerey» dep soqyrgha tayaq, bilmeske aighaq ústatyp túr ghoy. Jalpy әrkim qoghamdaghy ornyn bilgeni abzal-aq. Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdy zerttey bastaghanyma otyz jyldan asypty. Aldy-artyn azdy-kópti biletin siyaqtymyz. Bastauy naymannyng eltútqasy-Toqtarqoja, atalary-ataqty paluan-Mәmbet, Ensegey boyly er Esimning jeke batyry Kýshik, joyqyn batyr Qojaqúl bolsa, arty-Áli, Ádilbek batyrlar, tóbe by Sýleymen, Egemen qazaq elining Parlamentining Tóraghasy-Marat Ospanov, әlemdi auzyna qaratqan-Mústafa óz Týrik, jazushy-Zeynolla Sәnik, Áset Naymanbayúlymen qúiryq tistesken әnshi Mәmbet, onyng shәkirti, D.Raqyshevtyng ústazy-Qadrihan. Batyrdan, sayasatkerden, paluannan, óner tarlandarynan kende emes. Biraq Darabozdyng ne aldynda, ne artynda «pәlenshebay degen imam, týgenshebay degen molda» boldy degendi estimeppiz. Osyny súraghanymda Qabanbay batyrdyng tikeley úrpaghy, ataqty shejireshi Ahmadiyding nemeresi Qapshyrbay aqsaqal shamdanyp qaldy:

-Bizding qojagha janasar jerimiz joq! Ary jýrsin! O, nesi-ey!- dep.

Kelesi, asa manyzdy nәrse-Qarakerey Qabanbay batyr, onyng atalary turaly kópshilik aldynda pikir alysamyn deseniz, sol atalardyng zamanyna tereng ýnilgen lәzim. Jalpy, «qoja» degen kim, búl sóz Toqtarqojanyng zamanynda, onyng aldy, artynda qanday maghyna bergenin júrtshylyq bile bermeydi. Ángime týgel bolsyn osy jaghyna da toqtala keteyik. Shәiben úlysynyng hany Ábilhayyr zamanyna jýgineyik. Ábilhayyr 1428-1429 jyldary han saylandy dep topshylanady. (Z. Sәdibekov. Qazaq shejiresi. Tashkent, 1994 j. 97-b) Osy saylaugha naymannan toghyz eltútqa, ru, taypa kósemderi qatysqanyn jazady. Olar-Shayh sofy nayman, Aq sofy nayman, Qara nayman Ospan, Tolu qoja nayman, Túnghashyq qoja nayman, Sary Ospan Ókiresh nayman, Jýsip qoja nayman. Osylardyng ýsheuining Tolun, Túnghashyq, Jýsip naymandardyng «qoja» degen dәrejesi bar. Ol «qoja» sózining din tarata kelip, qazaqqa singen býgingi qojagha esh qatysy da, maghynasy da joq.

Sol tústarda «qoja» sózi ózge rularda da kezdesedi. Ábilhayyrdyng qolbasshylary-Baghly qoja qonyrat, Dәulet qoja qússhy, Maghzy qoja uyshun. Endi, ózderiniz de týsingen shygharsyzdar, «qoja» sózi-lauazym, shen. Mýmkin, sol rudyng iyesi, qojasy degen maghynada shyghar. Osy sóz maghan orystyng «boyariyn», «voevoda» degenimen shendes kórinedi. «Qoja» sózi Ókiresh Shal, Aqsaq Temir túsynda, odan beri de mansap retinde qoldanylypty. Mysaly, 1365 jyly Mogholstannyng hany Iliyas qoja óltirilip, taghyn Kamaretdin tartyp alady. Alayda 1383 jyly Ámir Temir Kamaretdindi maydan dalasynda әbden әlsiretip, 1389 jyly taqqa Qyzyr qoja otyrady. (Hilda Hukhem. Vlastiyteli semy sozvezdiy. Tashkent. 1995 g. 85- 87 str.)(Hilda Hukhem. Jeti shoq júldyzdyng әmirshisi. Tashkent, 1995 jyl, 85- 87 bet) Qyzyr-Shynghys hannyng tikeley úrpaghy Shaghatay hannyng izbasarlarynyng biri. Kórdiniz be, Shynghyshannyng úrpaqtary da taqqa dýmin tiygizgenshe óz aumaghyna ie bolyp, «qoja» lauazymymen jýrgen. Endeshe Qabanbay batyrdyng arghy atasy Toqtarqojany din tarata kelgen «qoja» edi deu Batyr tarihyn qasaqana búrmalau, tarihtan-sauatsyzdyq.

Biz arhaizm-kóne sózderimizding birazynyng maghnasyn úmytyp qalghanbyz. Mysaly, Ókiresh atagha qosyla aityltyn «Shal»-dyng HIII ghasyrgha deyingi  maghnasy-«hanzada» eken. (Baqyt Ejenhan. Qazaq Ordasy. 2003 j. № 3. 13 bet.) Sol ekezderde nayman eltútqalaryna «búqa» jalghanyp otyrghan. Mysaly, Aryq búqa, Semiz búqa, Inanygh Bilge búqa, Bay búqa, Tay búqa Kel búqa, Ket búqa t. b. «Ókiresh»-ting kóne maghnasy-kishkene búqa ekenin ózbek ukirach naymandary esterine  saqtap otyr. Demek «ókiresh» te-hanzada degen maghyna beredi. Sonau zamandarda úghynyqty bolghan osy sózder «qoja» sózi sekildi uaqyt óte qoghamdyq qúrylymdardyn, formasiyanyng ózgeruine baylanysty qoldanystan shyghyp, maghnasyn joghaltqan.

Qazirgi kezde «qoja» sózin jii qoldanatyn-týrikter. Olar medresedegi qatardaghy múghalimderdi «qoja» dep ataydy. Basshylaryn «ústaz» deydi.

M.Tynyshbaev naq sol zamandar tarihyn jetik bildi. Orta Aziyada qalyp bara jatqan qazaq rulary ghalymdy qatty tolghandyrdy, mol jazdy. «Qoja» sózining ol tústaghy maghynasyn naqtyly bilip, Toqtar degen qoja dese-«Toqtar degen Eltútqa»-degen maghynada aitqan. Tynyshbaevting týpki oiyn týsinbeuding saldarynan Qabanbay batyr arqyly qojalargha bedel jinaymyz degen keybir shejireshiler tiylghany jón. «Aruaq atady» degen sóz bar.

Qarakerey Qabanbay batyr jayly asa mol derek qaldyrghandar, negizinen, óz úrpaghy. Olar: tóbe by Sýleymen, shejireshiler- Mausymbay,  Ahmadi, Beysenghaly Sadyhan, jazushy Zeynolla Sәnik. Osylarmen qatar Qapshyrbay Ospanúly, Mәuken Shotanbek jәne shejireshi Tóleughaly Birbalaúly jәne de basqa kóptegen azamattar. Osy shejirelerding qaysysyn alsaq ta Toqtarqoja, onyng úrpaghy Erasyl Qojaqúlúly-Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng týp atasy naymannyng songhy hany Kýshilik nemese Baybýirek bolyp shyghady.

Anyzdarda aitylatyn Nayman bala men Júpar anagha qazaqtyng әz Jәnibek hanynynyng iltifaty olardyng kim ekenin anyq biluinen tughan.

Toqtarqoja Maqtamen 15-20 jyl otassa kerek.Búlay deuimizge sebep- Maqta Bayjigitke qalyndyq izdep shyqqanda bylay deydi:

Múrynnyng jalghyz qyzy atym-Maqta,

Naq shynym, jalghan aitqan emes janmyn.

Úlym bar-jalghyz ghana, eki-aq janbyz,

Syrymdy aittym saghan janym.

Múny biz Kәribay Tanatarúlynyng (1872-1931) «Múryn jәne Bayjigit» dastanynan alyp otyrmyz. (Astanadaghy «Otyrar» kitaphanasynda saqtauly) Maqta janaghy sózdi ózine únaghan, Nayman-matay ishindegi Qaptaghay tabynyng Baqberdi degen azamatynyng Býrlen degen qyzyna qarata aitady. «Eki-aq janbyz» deui Toqtarqojanyng búl tústa qazaq arasynda emestigin kórsetedi. Bayjigit sol zamannyng saltyna oray 16-20 jas aralyghynda ýilener bolsa, Toqtarqoja da osy jyldar mólsherinde Maqtamen týtin týtetken.

...Jaylauy Dәuletkerey, Esil, Núra,

Qúdalyq búrynghydan qalghan múra.

Attandy el jaylanyp ornyqqan son,

Jolymbet kóp joldaspen bas bop qúda,-dep osy dastanda aitylatynday Qabanbay batyrdyng týp atasy Bayjigit keler jyly Arqada, Esil-Núra ortasynda ýilenedi. Búdan da eki nәrse anyqtalady. Birinshi, Qabanbay batyrdyng Úly naghashylary Matay-Qaptaghay naymandar. Ekinshi, nayman ishindegi qarakerey, mataylar ol tústa Arqany, Esil-Núra manyn mekendegen. Oqigha Arqada-Esil men Núrada bolyp jatyr. Nayman sol jaqty mekendep otyr.

Qarakerey Qabanbay batyrdyng arghy atalary turaly jan-jaqty qamty sóileu ondy. Darabozgha baylanysty әr sózding súrauy bar. Qalyng qazaq kózi tirisinde «Kókirek әuliye» dep,  tóbesine kóterip, han saylaghan Han Batyrdyng týpki tegin tereng zerttep qana sóz shygharghan ondy. Qarakerey Qabanbay batyr-qay jaghynan alyp qarasang da, naghyz qarakók qazaqtyng ózi.

Kamal ÁBDIRAHMAN,

Qarakerey Qabanbay batyr

kesenesining shyraqshysy

Astana

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