Múhan Isahan, Aqmaral Satybaldy. Bahaie aghymynyng aqiqaty
Belgili dintanushy A.Artemievting aituyna qaraghanda, Bahaie aghymynyng ókilderi elimizge alghash ret ótken ghasyrdaghy ýrkinshilik jyldary (1937-1938 jj) kelgen. Qazaqtan tәuelsizdigin alghannan keyin Bahaie aghymy resmy tirkeuden ótip, elimizding on segiz qalasynan minajathanalar ashyp, ózining diny qyzmetin jýrgizudi qolgha alady. Ásili, Bahaie - Shiittik Isnәsharie aghymynyng bir tarmaghy sanalady. Biraq, búl aghymnyng senimdik negizderi Islamgha mýlde teris keledi. Desekte, Bahaie Islamnyng atyn jamylghan aghym sanalghandyqtan, haq dindi qorghau maqsatynda búl mazhabtyng qayshylyqtaryn tanyp biluimiz shart. Búl mazhabty 1820 jyly Iranda tuylghan Myrza Aly Múhammed ash-Shirazy negizin saldy. Ol alghashqyda Isnәsharie mazhabynyng ókili boldy. Sonynan, Ismailitter men Sabaie aghymynyn Islamgha mýlde jat «hulul» (Allanyng adam denesine enip kórinui) pikirimen qarulanyp, haq dinnen alshaqtap dýbәralyqqa úryndy. Sonymen, Bahaie qanday aghym?
Belgili dintanushy A.Artemievting aituyna qaraghanda, Bahaie aghymynyng ókilderi elimizge alghash ret ótken ghasyrdaghy ýrkinshilik jyldary (1937-1938 jj) kelgen. Qazaqtan tәuelsizdigin alghannan keyin Bahaie aghymy resmy tirkeuden ótip, elimizding on segiz qalasynan minajathanalar ashyp, ózining diny qyzmetin jýrgizudi qolgha alady. Ásili, Bahaie - Shiittik Isnәsharie aghymynyng bir tarmaghy sanalady. Biraq, búl aghymnyng senimdik negizderi Islamgha mýlde teris keledi. Desekte, Bahaie Islamnyng atyn jamylghan aghym sanalghandyqtan, haq dindi qorghau maqsatynda búl mazhabtyng qayshylyqtaryn tanyp biluimiz shart. Búl mazhabty 1820 jyly Iranda tuylghan Myrza Aly Múhammed ash-Shirazy negizin saldy. Ol alghashqyda Isnәsharie mazhabynyng ókili boldy. Sonynan, Ismailitter men Sabaie aghymynyn Islamgha mýlde jat «hulul» (Allanyng adam denesine enip kórinui) pikirimen qarulanyp, haq dinnen alshaqtap dýbәralyqqa úryndy. Sonymen, Bahaie qanday aghym?
Isnәsharie mazhabynyng on ekinshi imamy Mahdiyding ghayyp bolyp qiyamet-qayymnan búryn jer betine oralyp, әdilettilik ornatady degen senimin Myrza Aly ózining janadan qúrghan mazhabyna útymdy paydalanugha tyrysty. Ol, ózining oghash pikirlerin aita kelip, búl ilimdi ghayyp imamnan ýirengenin jariyalady. Iran halqynyng kópshiligi Isnәsharie mazhabynan bolghandyqtan, ghayyp imamnyng ilimin pash etushi Myrza Aliyding manayyna toptasa bastaydy. Ol ózining bedelin arttyru ýshin psihologiyalyq hәm filosofiyalyq enbekterdi oqudy qolgha alady. Ghayyp imam jer betindegi adamdardyng tek birimen ghana baylanys jasaytynyn, ol adam ózi ekenin aityp, sonynan ergenderdi búl sandyraghyna sendirip baqty. Onyng búl pikiri Isnәshariyedegi ghayyp imamnyng ósiyeti ghana aqiqat dinmen qauyshtyrady degen senimmen tamasha ýilesetin edi.
Uaghyz-nasihat aitudyng erekshe ýlgisin mengergen Myrza Aliydi halyq birte-birte ýlgi tútarlyq imam sanap, onyng әrbir aitqanyn diny ýkim retinde qabyldady. Alghashqyda ghayyp imamnyng ilimin ýirengenin aitqan ol kele-kele imamnyng ózi bolghanyn, Allanyng ruhy ózining denesine engenin (hulul) pash etti. Isa men Músa payghambarlardyng aqyrzamanda jer betine týsip, adamzatqa tura joldy kórsetedi degen joly, ózining joly ekenin algha tartty. Ol osynday qisyndy pikirlerining arqasynda ózine qol bergen kóptegen adamdardy basqarugha qol jetkizdi. Alayda, Imamie (býgingi Irannyng resmy mazhaby) mazhabynyng ghúlamalary Myrza Aliyding pikirlerine qarsy shyghyp, oghan laghynet jaudyrdy. Myrza Aly de qarap qalmay, sol kezdegi keybir qoghamdyq әdiletsizdikterdi algha tartyp Imamie ghalymdaryna qarsy óz qol astyndaghylardy aidap saldy. Onyng pikirlerin ilahy ýkim retinde qabyldaytyn jaqtastary Imamie ókilderine qarsy túrdy. Sóitip, HIH ghasyrdyng alghashqy jartysynda Bahaie aghymy Iran qoghamynda ýlken býlik tudyrdy.
Myrza Aly ózining jamaghatyn qúrghannan keyin, mynaday jana pikirlerdi nasihattaudy qolgha aldy:
a) Ol sonynan ergenderding sauapty isterining qaytarymy retinde - jәnnatty, kәpirlerge - tozaqty kórsetetinin uәde etti.
b) Myrza Aly búrynghy ótken býkil payghambarlardyng ózining ókili ekenin aityp, barlyq din ókilderin ózine baghynyshty etudi maqsat etti.
v) Ghulat (shiittik búzyq aghymdar) toptarynda kóp aitylatyn Islamgha mýlde jat sanalatyn «hulul» pikirin, yaghny ilahtyng ózining denesine engenin pash etti.
d) Múhammed (s.a.u)-dy songhy payghambar retinde moyyndamady. Onyng pikirinshe, ilah ózining denesine engen, búdan keyin de ilah tandaghan qúlymen tútasady.
e) Onyng pikirlerining biri әrbir әripterding astarynda ózindik ilahy syr bar. Myrza Aliyding nanymy boyynsha әsirese on toghyzynshy sannyng erekshe qasiyeti.
s) Múragerlik jәne ózge de mәselelerde erkek pen әiel teng qúqyly. Onyng búl pikirleri Qúrangha mýlde qarama-qayshy keledi.
n) Islam negizderine qayshy kózqarastaghy adamdar da últyna, dinine, nәsiline, jynysyna qaramay teng sanalady.
Onyng «hulul» pikiri Abdullah b. Sabanyng «Hz. Aliyding denesine ilah engen» degen pikirining jana kóshirmesi bolatyn. Myrza Aliyding teris pikirleri tarala bastaghanan Iran ýkimeti olardyng sonyna shyraq alyp týsti. Myrza Aly 1850 jyly kenetten qaytys bolyp, onyng ornyn izbasarlary Subh Ázel men Bahailla basty. Iran ýkimetining qatty qysymgha aluyna baylanysty Subh Ázel Kiprgha, Bahailla Edirnege qashtty. Subhtyng sonynan ergender óte az boldy. Al, Bahayllanyng manayyna Myrza Aliyding jaqtastarynyng kópshiligi jinaldy. Yaghni, Myrza Aliyding qúrghan mazhaby búdan keyin Bahaie degen atpen boldy. Subhtyng pikirinshe, mazhab Myrza Aliyding aitqan negizderi boyynsha damuy tiyis boldy. Al, Bahailla: «Myrza Aliyding boyyna engen ilah mening deneme kirdi», - dep sandyraqtady. Ol da ózining harizmasynyng arqasynda sonynan nadan adamdardy kóp erte bildi.
Goldzeyr «Ál-Akida vash-Sharia» atty shygharmasynda: Bahaillanyng pikirinshe, ilahy ruh qayta kórinedi. Yaghni, Myrza Aliyding beynesinde kóringen ilahy ruhtyng ózine engenin, Myrza Aliyge ilah ruhy ótkinshi retinde ense, ózine engen ilah ruhy mәngilik qalatynyn, sonday-aq, ilahtyng kórinetinin, yaghny ózining ilahty kórsetetin aina ekenin aitqan. Oghan moyynsúnghandar shynynda da Bahanyng boyynda ilahy sipattar bar dep biletin. Onyng keybir jaqtastary Bahaillany «Ayna» dep atap, búl ainadan ilah kórinedi dep sendi.
Bahailla osylaysha oghash pikirler aityp, ózining qauymynan bóline bastaghanda, Subhtyng qol astyndaghylardyng birsypyrasy Bahaillanyng jaghyna shyqty. Eki toptyng ishindegi janalyqtardyng bir-birine tez jetuining sebebi, Edirne men Kiprding bir-birine jaqyn boluynan edi. Bahaie qozghalysy kýsheye týskennen keyin, Osman biyligi búnyng aldyn alu ýshin Bahaillany Akkagha jer audarady. Bahailla Akkada óz mazhabyn damytudy qolgha alyp Qúran men Veyandy (Myrza Aly Múhammed ash-Shirazy jazghan kitap) joqqa shygharyp, ózining pikirlerin taratu ýshin arabsha jәne parsysha enbekter jazdy. Onyng shygharmalarynyng eng ataqtysy «Ál-Kitabul-akdes» (eng qasiyetti kitap) degen kitaby bolatyn. Ol búl kitaptyng әrbir sózining Allanyng uahii ekenin jәne búl kitaptyng Úly Jaratushy sekildi bastauy jәne sony bolmaghanyn jetkizdi. Onyng pikirinshe, ózining qúpiya ilimin keybir tandauly adamdar bolmasa, ózge adamdar iygere almaytyn edi.
Bahailla ózining pikirlerining Islamnan tysqary bir din ekenin aityp, ústazy Myrza Aliyding kózqarastarynan mýlde ainydy. Myrza Aly ózining pikirleri arqyly Islamdy janartqanyn aitsa, al, Bahailla ózining aitqandarynyng Islamnan basqa bir jana din ekenin pash etti. Bahaillanyng pikirinshe, onyng әkelgen dini әlemdik din. Osy sebepten, ol últtyq territoriyagha, memleketterge bólinu dúrys emes dep sanady. Onyng kózqarasy boyynsha iysi býtin adamzattyng bir ghana memleketi boluy tiyis boldy. Ol ózining pikirleri keninen nasihattaluy ýshin Shyghys pen Batystaghy barlyq memleket basshylaryna óz shygharmalaryn jiberdi. Onyng shygharmasynyng aty «Sure» dep ataldy. «Ghayyptan habarym bar» dep sandyraqtaghan ol bolashaq turaly sәuegeylik jasaytyn. Keyde onyng keybir sandyraqtary dәl kelip jatsa, ol múnday mýmkindikti ózine barynsha paydalanyp qalugha tyrysatyn. Birde Bahailla «III Napoleon taqtan týsedi» dep sәuegeylik jasady. Tórt jyldan son III Napoleon ýkimeti biylikten ketti. Osynday jalang boljamdary onyng manyna nadandardyng kóptep jinaluyna týrtki boldy.
Bahaillanyng qoghamdyq kózqarastaryna toqtalar bolsaq:
a) Islamgha qatysty kýlli aghymdardy qoghamnan alastatu. Ol búl pikirimen Ústazy Myrza Aliyden de úzaqtady.
b) Ol әrtýrli mýddelerdi, yaghny dinder men últtar, nәsilder bir-birine bauyr dep bildi. Adamzatty bóluge bolmaytynyn aitty. Búl onyng óz pikirlerin kýlli adamzatqa moyyndatudyng amaly edi.
v) Onyng tudyrghan janalyqtarynyng biri otbasylyqtyng ózindik bir formasyn qalyptastyrdy. Onyng pikirindegi otbasy formasynda kóp әiel alushylyqqa jol joq. Tek erekshe jaghdayda ghana eki әiel alugha rúqsat etti. Óte qiyn jaghdayda bolmasa, ajyrasugha da bolmaydy. Jәne ol ajyrasqan әielding belgili bir merzim kýtpesten (sharighat boyynsha tórt ay on kýtui tiyis) kelesi bireuge ýilenuine bolady.
d) Janaza namazynan basqa namazdardyng bәrin tek jeke oqu kerek. Jamaghatpen oqugha bolmaydy.
e) Namaz oqyghanda Qaghbagha qarap emes, búl qayda bolsa, soghan qarap oquy tiyis boldy. Óitkeni, onyng týsiniginshe ilah múnyng beynesine engen bolatyn.
g) Onyng Islammen úiysatyn pikirlerining biri - namazdan búryn dәret alu men ghúsyl alynudy qabyldauy edi.
s) Ol qoghamdyq qatynas pen iship-jeudegi aram men adaldy joqqa shygharyp, әrbir nәrsede adam aqylmen әreket etu kerek dep sandyraqtady. Biraq, Bahailla aqylyn tyndaghan bolsa, Islamnyng adal degenin adal, haram degenin haram degen bolar edi. Sebebi, odan bir adam: «Nege Múhammedke iman ettin?» - dep súraghanda, ol: «Mening aqylymnyng Múhammedting iste degenin isteme, isteme degenin iste degenin kórmedim», - dep jauap berdi.
h) Bahailla men onyng ústazy Myrza Aly adamdardyng tendigin pash etkenimen, demokratiya men patshalardyng sheksiz biyligin qúlatugha qarsy túrdy. Onyng osy songhy pikiri óz mýddesin qorghaugha baghyttalghan shara bolatyn. Demokratiyagha rúqsat etken bolsa, ózining despottyq biyligi shayqalatyn edi. Ol patshalardyng sheksiz biyligine tiyisuge bolmaydy deu arqyly biylikting qasiyetti ekenin týsindirgisi keldi. Onyng ústazy Myrza Aly óz pikirleri arqyly Isnәsharie ghalymdarymen ghana qaqtyghyssa, Bahailla ózining sandyraq pikirlerin kýlli әlemdik din dep bilgendikten, Islammen birge Hristian jәne Iuda ókilderimen de jaulasty.
1882 jyly Bahailla qaytys bolghannan keyin, onyng ornyn úly Abbaspen birge Abdulbaha atty qúly jәne Ghusnu Azam degen shәkirti basty. Abbas batys mәdeniyetin jetik biletin. Osy sebepten ol әkesining ilah mening beyneme endi degen pikirdi Bahaie iliminen alyp tastady. Ol, Bahaie pikirlerin barynsha jenildetudi qolgha aldy. Batysqa Bahaiyeni siniru ýshin Hristian men Iuda dinin tereng zertteudi qolgha aldy.
Bahaiyening negizin qalaushy Myrza Aly Islamgha jana reforma jasamaqshy bolsa, Bahailla Islamdy býtindey joqqa shyghardy. Al onyng úly Abbas Hristian men Iuda jәne qajet kezinde Qúrangha arqa sýiep, jana bir dindi jasamaqshy boldy. Sondyqtan, Bahaie kóbine Islam ólkelerinde emes, Hristian, Iuda, Mәjusy dini órken jayghan aimaqtargha taraldy. Bahaillanyng haq dindi tәrk etuine baylanysty, Islam ólkelerinde damymady. Al, Bahaiyening eng kóp taralghan jerleri Europa men Amerika sanalady.
Goldzeyr óz shygharmasynda: «Bahaie Amerika men Europada ilgerilegen. Ásirese, hristiandar arasynda qatty damyp keledi. Búlar Bahaiyening qarqyndy týrde damuyna jәrdemshi boldy. Bahaiyening 1910 jyldan beri «Batys júldyzy» degen jylyna on toghyz ret shyghatyn jurnaly bar. Jylyna on toghyz ret shyghuynyng sebebi, Bahaiyening negizin qalaghan Myrza Aliyding pikirinshe, on toghyz sanynyng bir keremeti bar dep biletin. Bahaie AQSh-ta damyp, ondaghy ortalyghy Chikago qalasynda ornalasqan», - deydi.
Shyghystanushy Goldzeyrding aituyna qaraghanda, Bahaie Hristian jәne Iuda dinderining yqpalyna úshyrap, kele-kele alghashqy senimdik negizderinen mýlde alshaqtaghan. Abbastyng Tәurat pen Injildi zertteui, Bahaiyening taghy bir algha qadam jasauyna týrtki boldy. Bahaie ókilderining pikirinshe, Tәurat pen Injildegi beybitshilik ornatatyn әmirshi Abbas bolyp tabyldy.
Abbas Europa men Amerikada Bahaie aghymyna jýz mynnan astam adamdy tartyp ýlgerdi. Ol 1921jyly qaytys boldy. Ornyna balasy Shauqy keldi. Ol da Bahaiyening órisin keneytudi qolgha aldy. Jalpy, Bahaie ilimi boyynsha әrbir eki myng jyl sayyn jana bir payghambar keledi. Óz senimderi boyynsha, on toghyz sanyn qasiyetti dep bilgendikten, Bahaiyening әrbir mýshesi on toghyz kýn sayyn qauymnyng on toghyz mýshesin qonaqqa shaqyruy tiyis. Janadan qúrylghan qauymdastyqty «Qoghamdyq әdilet ýii» atty joghary mәjilisterine saylanghan on toghyz basqarady. Bahaiyening әrbir mýshesi jyl sayynghy tabysynyng besten bir bóligin osy joghary úiymgha berip otyrady. Boydaq bolyp ómir sýruge jol joq, qauym mýshesi on bir jasta ýilenu qajet. Olar jalanash әieldermen birge boludy qúlshylyq dep sanady.
Býginde Bahaiyening dýniyejýzinde 88 jerde úiymy bar. Hristian, Iuda, Mәjusi, Siyh, Zәrdusht jәne Budda dinderin ústanatyn halyqtardy týlki búlangha salyp aldap, ózderine tartuda. Olardyng qas dúshpandary - Islam ghalymdary. Sebebi, olardyn túzaghyna onaylyqpen týspeytin músylmandar sanalady. Kitaptary men basylymdary qyryq segiz tilde jaryq kóredi. Ghibadat jasau jәne jýrip-túru erejesi «Aqdas» degen kitaby men «Ósiyetter qaghazdary» atty jazbalarynda jazylghan. Olardyng pikirlerining Islamgha qayshy keletin tústary óte kóp.
Bahaie turaly mysyrlyq zertteushi Múhammed Ábu Zehra: «Batys әlemining Bahaiyege qoldau kórsetuining birden-bir sebebi, olar Bahaiyening ózderinde emes, Islam elderinde damyghanyn qalady. Islam elderine Bahaiyeni engizu arqyly, músylmandardyng arasyna iritki saludy múrat etti. Óitkeni, Bahaiyede Islamgha mýlde jat sanalatyn kóptegen pikirler men ýrdister oryn alghan. Olardyng iydeologiyasy Islam elderine taralatyn bolsa, músylmandardyng auyzbirshiligine jaryqshaq týsetini anyq. Yaghni, Batys әlemi ishten iritu jolymen Islamnyng tuyn jyghudy kózdegen edi», - deydi.
Alayda, Bahaie Islam elderinde keng kólemde qoldaugha ie bolghan emes. I-II-shi Dýniyejýzilik soghystan keyin Islam elderine birshama taralghanmen, músylmandardyng qarsylyghyna tap boluyna baylanysty órisi tym tar kýiinde qalyp otyr. Mysyr, Saud Arabiya, BAE sekildi memleketter Bahaiyening óz territoriyasynda nasihattaluyna qatang tyiym salghan.
Haq dinning aqidasy men jýrip-túru erejelerine mýlde teris sanalatyn Bahaie aghymynyng iydeologiyasy bizding elimizde keninen nasihattalyp keledi. Biraq, qoghamdyq túrghydan Bahaie ilimine qarsy toytarys berilmey otyr. Biz Bahaiyening bet-perdesin ashyp berudi ghana maqsat túttyq. Al, últ pen memlekettilikti moyyndamaytyn Bahaiyening búdan keyingi taghdyryn qúzyrly oryndardyng enshisine qaldyrdyq.
«Abay-aqparat»